Deck 15: Christianity and the Formation of Europe

Question 1

________ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.

A) Narthex
B) Interlace
C) Illumination
D) Embroidery
E) Ambulatory

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for:

A) the privacy and intimacy of their interior spaces.
B) their stained glass windows.
C) their heavy Romanesque walls.
D) their idyllic French countryside locations.
E) rounded arches and symmetrical towers.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________.

A) Romanesque; Carolingian
B) Renaissance; Gothic
C) Romanesque; Gothic
D) Romanesque; Renaissance
E) Gothic; Carolingian

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the ________ at Chartres Cathedral.

A) architecture
B) reliquaries
C) mosaics
D) sculpture
E) architecture and sculpture

Question 5

Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of:

A) Renaissance architecture.
B) Romanesque churches.
C) the church of Sainte Foy.
D) Gothic cathedrals.
E) the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne.

Question 6

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the ________ was needed.

A) architectural design of places of worship
B) iconography of the church
C) placement of the altar
D) hierarchy of the gods
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

A) nave
B) clerestory
C) narthex
D) apse
E) transept

Question 8

In his painting ________, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.

A) Icon with the Crucifixion
B) Gospel Book of Durrow
C) Christ Entering Jerusalem
D) Pantokrator
E) The Lamentation

Question 9

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the:

A) aisles.
B) clerestory.
C) narthex.
D) apse.
E) transept.

Question 10

The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is:

A) octagonal.
B) rectilinear.
C) vertical.
D) diagonal.
E) horizontal.

Question 11

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?

A) They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space.
B) They are structural, holding up the archways above the doors.
C) They form a narrative, telling the story of Sainte Foy.
D) They are purely decorative, serving no real purpose.
E) They form a narrative but are purely decorative.

Question 12

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred:

A) re-creation of daily life in their art.
B) a natural, more realistic art.
C) calligraphy in their art.
D) a flattened, abstracted style of art.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 13

The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists' appropriation of ________ iconography.

A) Egyptian
B) Greek
C) Islamic
D) Roman
E) both Greek and Roman

Question 14

The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for ________ as his personal place of worship.

A) Saint Denis
B) Abbot Suger
C) Charlemagne
D) William of Normandy
E) Constantine

Question 15

The Abbey Church of Saint-Foy is one of the earliest ________ churches ever built.

A) Gothic
B) Romanesque
C) High Renaissance
D) Carolingian
E) post-and-beam

Question 16

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called:

A) interlace.
B) embroidery.
C) tempera.
D) tapestry.
E) gouache.

Question 17

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT:

A) thick stone walls.
B) barrel-vaulted stone ceilings.
C) overall massiveness.
D) large windows of stained glass.
E) round arches.

Question 18

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

A) basing their works on religious traditions
B) introducing a flat, decorative space
C) exploring classical subject matter
D) creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism
E) Gothic sculpture

Question 19

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

A) scaffolding
B) ambulatories
C) underground walkways
D) transepts
E) barrel vaulting

Question 20

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the:

A) nave.
B) clerestory.
C) narthex.
D) apse.
E) transept.

Question 21

Explain several reasons that stained glass is considered the most glorious aspect of the Gothic cathedrals.

Question 22

Consider Christ Entering Jerusalem and The Lamentation. For each, identify the artist, media/techniques, and subject(s). Then discuss at least three ways in which these works can be considered as transitions or bridges between typical medieval styles of painting and early Renaissance styles.

Question 23

Explain the function of jamb statues in cathedrals and compare the stylistic transition of these statues located in the west façade and south transept of Chartres Cathedral.

Question 24

Consider the Bayeux Tapestry, pictured in the text. Identify the historical event it commemorates. How does this work depict this event and what point of view does it take?

Question 25

The ________ technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E.

A) collage B. woven threads
C) fresco
D) encaustic
E) mosaic

Question 26

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for:

A) ruler of all.
B) gentle.
C) awe-inspiring.
D) holy.
E) savior.

Question 27

Considering the art of the Middle Ages, give examples of art forms that had more of a secular purpose as opposed to sacred and select one example to discuss in detail.

Question 28

Compare and contrast Romanesque and Gothic styles, citing specific structures to illustrate your points.

Question 29

Consider the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, and the west façade of Chartres Cathedral. Identify the style of each of these structures and describe the characteristics that make each one typical of its style.

Question 30

Consider the Sutton Hoo purse cover pictured in the text. Discuss this work with reference to the site in which it was found, the culture in which it was created, the artistic style it represents, and the materials used in its creation.

Question 31

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a:

A) sarcophagus.
B) tomb.
C) reliquary.
D) icon.
E) mosaic.