Deck 11: Antipsychotic Drugs

Question 1

The traditional view of antipsychotic drug activity involves:

A)activation of dopamine-1 receptors.
B)blockade of dopamine-1 receptors.
C)activation of dopamine-2 receptors.
D)blockade of dopamine-2 receptors.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The single best predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in a drug is an affinity for _____ receptors.

A)dopamine-1 (D₁)
B)dopamine-2 (D₂)
C)serotonin-1 (5-HT₁)
D)serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Hallucinogenic drugs act as agonists at _____ receptors suggesting that hallucinations associated with schizophrenia may involve this neurotransmitter.

A)serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)
B)dopamine-2 (D₂)
C)dopamine-1 (D₁)
D)NMDA

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia:

A)encompass a broad range of human mental activity.
B)are limited to disordered thought.
C)are limited to markedly altered emotion.
D)encompass only selected cognitive systems.

Question 5

The classical antipsychotic drugs produce side effects resembling _____ disease.

A)Huntington's
B)Alzheimer's
C)Parkinson's
D)Addison's

Question 6

The major side effect of the classic antipsychotics suggest that schizophrenia results from an _____ of the _____ system.

A)underactivity; serotonergic
B)overactivity; serotonergic
C)underactivity; dopaminergic
D)overactivity; dopaminergic

Question 7

Phenothiazines are in the class of antipsychotics known as:

A)first-generation neuroleptics.
B)second-generation neuroleptics.
C)atypical antipsychotics.
D)second-generation antipsychotics.

Question 8

The symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as:

A)emotional symptoms and thought symptoms.
B)deductive symptoms and inferential symptoms.
C)introverted symptoms and extroverted symptoms.
D)positive symptoms and negative symptoms.

Question 9

There are _____ subtypes of D₂ receptors.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 10

The effects of ketamine suggest that the _____ system may be involved in schizophrenia.

A)serotonergic
B)cholinergic
C)GABAergic
D)glutaminergic

Question 11

The remarkable decline in the number of schizophrenic patients forced to reside in mental hospitals began during the:

A)1890s.
B)1930s.
C)1950s.
D)1990s.

Question 12

Phenothiazines were initially developed as:

A)diet drugs.
B)sedatives.
C)antihistamines.
D)neuroleptics.

Question 13

Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia generally have a significantly shorter lifespan with the most common cause of death being associated with:

A)renal failure.
B)drug abuse.
C)liver disease.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 14

A blockade of the __________ receptor type will produce schizophrenia-like behaviors.

A)serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)
B)dopamine-2 (D₂)
C)dopamine-1 (D₁)
D)NMDA

Question 15

The C4A gene is related to:

A)dopamine receptors.
B)glutamate receptors.
C)neurotransmitter concentrations.
D)synaptic pruning.

Question 16

Haloperidol's mechanism of action is the:

A)stimulation of dopamine-2 (D₂)receptors.
B)blockade of dopamine-2 (D₂)receptors.
C)stimulation of dopamine-1 (D₁)receptors.
D)blockade of dopamine-1 (D₁)receptors.

Question 17

The effects of PCP suggest that schizophrenia may involve _____ of the NMDA receptor.

A)hyperfunction
B)dysfunction
C)hypofunction
D)overexpression

Question 18

The percent of the world's population suffering from schizophrenia is _____ percent.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 19

Abuse of _____ produces behavioral effects that are very similar to paranoid schizophrenia.

A)prescription drugs
B)stimulant drugs
C)benzodiazepines
D)barbiturates

Question 20

Carter was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the late 1950s.At that time,he would most likely have been treated with __________ therapy.

A)haloperidol (Haldol)
B)droperidol (Inapsine)
C)chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
D)aripiprazole (Abilify)

Question 21

Haloperidol (Haldol)competitively __________ receptors.

A)activates 5-HT
B)blocks presynaptic D₂
C)blocks D₂
D)activates histaminergic

Question 22

First generation antipsychotics are known to consistently reduce _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A)negative
B)positive
C)cognitive
D)negative,positive,and cognitive

Question 23

Spencer developed schizophrenia as a teenager in the late 1960s.At that time,he would likely have been given _____ as his course of treatment.

A)haloperidol (Haldol)
B)clozapine (Clozaril)
C)droperidol (Inapsine)
D)chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Question 24

Haloperidol (Haldol)is an example of a(n)________ drug.

A)second-generation neuroleptic
B)antipsychotic
C)atypical neuroleptic
D)first-generation neuroleptic

Question 25

The weight gain associated with antipsychotics is thought to be due to effects at the ______ receptor.

A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)noradrenergic
D)histamine

Question 26

The first second-generation antipsychotic developed was _____,which produced few motor side effects.

A)haloperidol (Haldol)
B)clozapine (Clozaril)
C)droperidol (Inapsine)
D)chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Question 27

__________ is the syndrome of agitation,pacing,and constant rocking back and forth produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents.

A)Akathisia
B)Dystonia
C)Parkinsonism
D)Tardive dyskinesia

Question 28

Clozapine is an example of a(n)________; compared to FGAs,it has greater effect at the ________ receptor.

A)neuroleptic antipsychotic; dopamine
B)classical antipsychotic; dopamine
C)atypical antipsychotic; dopamine
D)atypical antipsychotic; serotonin

Question 29

The blockade of ______ receptors is associated with the extrapyramidal side effects of classical antipsychotic drugs,whereas the blockade of _______ receptors is associated with the efficacy of classical antipsychotic drugs.

A)dopamine-1; dopamine-2
B)dopamine-2; dopamine-1
C)dopamine-1; dopamine-1
D)dopamine-2; dopamine-2

Question 30

In schizophrenia,delusions are categorized as a _____ symptom.

A)negative
B)positive
C)cognitive
D)bizarre

Question 31

In addition to its use in treating schizophrenia,the phenothiazines were used to treat __________ in the past.

A)nausea
B)narcolepsy
C)bipolar disorder
D)general anesthesia

Question 32

In schizophrenia,hearing voices is categorized as a _____ symptom.

A)negative
B)positive
C)cognitive
D)bizarre

Question 33

Haldol and Clozaril are examples of a _____ and _____,respectively.

A)FGA; SGA
B)FGA; FGA
C)SGA; SGA
D)SGA; FGA

Question 34

The distinguishing characteristic between "neuroleptic" antipsychotics and "atypical" antipsychotics is that:

A)neuroleptics produce a calming effect and atypical antipsychotics don't.
B)neuroleptics affect only positive symptoms and atypical antipsychotics only affect negative symptoms.
C)neuroleptics affect mostly negative symptoms and atypical antipsychotics affect both positive and negative symptoms.
D)neuroleptics produce marked extrapyramidal side effects and atypical antipsychotics don't.

Question 35

In addition to dopamine receptors,FGAs also affect the __________ receptor.

A)acetylcholine
B)serotonin
C)GABA
D)glutamate

Question 36

The half-life of FGA's is _____ hours.

A)1 to 2
B)4 to 8
C)10 to 15
D)20+

Question 37

First generation antipsychotics (FGAs)are _____ soluble and metabolites may persist in the body for _____ after discontinuation of the drug.

A)water; weeks
B)water; months
C)lipid; weeks
D)lipid; months

Question 38

In schizophrenia,memory deficits are categorized as a _____ symptom.

A)negative
B)positive
C)cognitive
D)bizarre

Question 39

In schizophrenia,deficits in communication skills are categorized as a _____ symptom.

A)negative
B)positive
C)cognitive
D)bizarre

Question 40

Most first generation antipsychotics (FGAs)__________ receptors.

A)only block dopamine (D₂)
B)block D₂ receptors as well as cholinergic
C)activate D₂ receptors as well as cholinergic
D)block D₂,cholinergic,histamine,and norepinephrine

Question 41

The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (Zyprexa)is also approved for the treatment of:

A)depression.
B)panic disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 42

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)have greater affinity for _____ receptors.

A)serotonergic (5-HT)
B)dopamine
C)acetylcholine
D)glutamate

Question 43

Neuroleptic agents can be responsible for __________,which is the most serious form of movement disorder.

A)akathisia
B)dystonia
C)parkinsonism
D)tardive dyskinesia

Question 44

__________,which involves involuntary muscle contractions,is the acute extrapyramidal (EPS)side effect of neuroleptic drugs.

A)Akathisia
B)Dystonia
C)Parkinsonism
D)Tardive dyskinesia

Question 45

Aripiprazole (Abilify)is unique in its ability to:

A)not only effect D₂ but also 5-HT₈ receptors.
B)act as an antagonist at D₂ receptors.
C)antagonize 5-HT₂ receptors as well as act as an agonist at dopamine receptors.
D)act as a partial agonist at D₂ and 5-HT_1A receptors as well as antagonize 5-HT₂ receptors.

Question 46

_____ may be the first of a third generation of antipsychotics.

A)Aripiprazole (Abilify)
B)Clozapine (Clozaril)
C)Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
D)Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Question 47

Deutetrabenazine (Austedo)is used to treat:

A)tardive dyskinesia.
B)neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
C)akathisia.
D)negative symptoms.

Question 48

Tardive dyskinesia occurs in roughly ______ of patients and is ______.

A)1 percent; always reversible
B)1 percent; sometimes irreversible
C)20 percent; always reversible
D)20 percent; sometimes irreversible

Question 49

All of the following are symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome EXCEPT:

A)fever.
B)muscle tension.
C)memory loss.
D)altered consciousness.

Question 50

The neuroleptic __________ can be administered safely to patients with primary parkinsonism.

A)haloperidol
B)phenothiazines
C)clozapine
D)molindone

Question 51

Agranulocytosis (loss of white blood cells)has been associated with use of the antipsychotic drug:

A)haloperidol.
B)phenothiazines.
C)clozapine.
D)loxapine.

Question 52

The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia while taking antipsychotics depends on all the following factors EXCEPT:

A)gender.
B)cardiovascular fitness.
C)potency level of drug.
D)20 percent; sometimes irreversible.

Question 53

The bizarre postures of __________,produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents,are most apparent in the limbs,face,and tongue.

A)akathisia
B)dystonia
C)parkinsonism
D)tardive dyskinesia

Question 54

One of the common side effects of clozapine (Clozaril),characterized by __________,is sialorrhea.

A)excessive sweating
B)pervasive swearing
C)excessive salivation
D)frequent insomnia

Question 55

The antipsychotic __________ is the only drug effective in treating so-called "treatment-resistant schizophrenics."

A)haldol
B)phenothiazines
C)clozapine
D)loxapine

Question 56

The involuntary muscle contractions of __________ are associated with antipsychotics.

A)akathisia
B)extrapyramidal effects
C)dystonia
D)neuroleptic induced Parkinson's

Question 57

The third-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole is unique in that it acts,in part,as a:

A)dopamine-2 (D₂)antagonist.
B)serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)agonist.
C)dopamine-4 (D₄)antagonist.
D)dopamine-2 (D₂)partial agonist.

Question 58

The first atypical antipsychotic,__________,has been shown to be __________ when compared to traditional antipsychotics.

A)Clozapine (Clozaril); equally effective
B)Clozapine (Clozaril); more effective
C)Haloperidol (Haldol); equally effective
D)Haloperidol (Haldol); more effective

Question 59

Compared to the FGAs,the atypical antipsychotics have a _____ affinity for _____ receptors.

A)greater; D₂
B)greater; D₁
C)lesser; D₂
D)lesser; D₁

Question 60

Clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ receptors.

A)serotonin; acetylcholine
B)glutaminergic; serotonin
C)dopamine; glutaminergic
D)dopamine; serotonin

Question 61

Agranulocytosis is characterized by:

A)skin rashes.
B)low white blood cell count.
C)swelling around face.
D)bone tissue atrophy.

Question 62

Evidence suggests that one effective off-label use for risperidone (Risperdal)is for the treatment of:

A)dementia.
B)insomnia.
C)ADHD.
D)substance abuse.

Question 63

The results of the CATIE and CUtLASS studies suggest that,compared to FGAs the SGAs are:

A)more effective and expensive.
B)equally effective but less expensive.
C)more effective but less expensive.
D)equally effective but more expensive.

Question 64

Quetiapine has become the preferred treatment for psychotic symptoms accompanying Parkinson's disease,because of its _____ affinity for _____ receptors.

A)low; dopamine
B)low; serotonin
C)high; dopamine
D)high; serotonin

Question 65

__________ have been successful in treating unipolar depression.

A)FGAs
B)SGAs
C)Barbiturates
D)Cocaine derivatives

Question 66

Some research suggests that __________ could prevent a first-episode psychotic "break" in adolescents and young adults.

A)SGAs
B)FGAs
C)SSRIs
D)omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 67

The antipsychotic drug recently receiving FDA approval for the treatment of irritability associated with autism is:

A)haloperidol (Haldol).
B)phenothiazines.
C)clozapine (Clozaril).
D)risperidone (Risperdal).

Question 68

In regard to the efficacy of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs),the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE)study found that:

A)FGAs are more effective than SGAs.
B)FGAs were more likely to be discontinued than SGAs.
C)SGAs produced more side effects than third-generation antipsychotics (TGAs).
D)clozapine (Clozaril)was more effective than other SGAs.

Question 69

In elderly populations,______ may be a preferred off-label use to treat agitation,aggressive behavior,and delusions.

A)SSRIs
B)FGAs
C)SGAs
D)caffeine

Question 70

The antipsychotic Abilify has been approved as an adjunctive treatment for:

A)ADHD.
B)anxiety.
C)depression.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 71

The greatest concern with clozapine is the risk of:

A)weight gain.
B)akathisia
C)tardive dyskinesia
D)agranulocytosis.

Question 72

The SGA __________ has the highest risk of weight.

A)olanazpine
B)clozapine
C)quetiapine
D)aripiprazole

Question 73

Quetiapine has become the preferred treatment for psychotic symptoms accompanying Parkinson's disease,because of its:

A)low affinity for dopamine receptors.
B)high affinity for dopamine receptors.
C)low affinity for serotonin receptors.
D)high affinity for serotonin receptors.