Deck 4: Gender Convergence and Role Equity

Question 1

Role conflict occurs because:

A) we play a number of roles simultaneously.
B) our behavior deviates from our religious beliefs.
C) societies become stable and predictable.
D) hormonal activity increases sharply during puberty.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Family functioning is disrupted when roles and norms are:

A) simplistic.
B) stable.
C) expressive.
D) unclear.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Roles involve activities demanded by:

A) norms.
B) biology.
C) nature.
D) law.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The flexibility of American gender roles:

A) is a myth.
B) provides a path for limiting women's opportunities.
C) offers hope that couples can build more satisfying relationships.
D) offers more clarity of expectations than traditional roles.

Question 5

The correct term for the masculine or feminine image that we have of ourselves is:

A) gender identity.
B) biological orientation.
C) role stereotype.
D) sex role.

Question 6

All embryos:

A) are biologically determined.
B) have the potential to become either sex.
C) have differentiated gonads.
D) are chromosomally androgynous.

Question 7

Sexual identity encompasses both:

A) physiological sex behaviors and cultural gender behaviors.
B) hormonal and biological components.
C) cultural ideals and cultural traits.
D) institutional norms and gender beliefs.

Question 8

Whether one is male or female is biologically determined, but gender roles are:

A) hormonally determined.
B) based on personality.
C) learned from society.
D) developed before birth.

Question 9

The fundamental question in the formation of our gender identity is:

A) "Is the relationship between men and women one of equity?"
B) "Am I a man or a woman?"
C) "Are women the weaker sex?"
D) "Why have men traditionally been breadwinners?"

Question 10

Norms are:

A) the attitudes and values assigned to each sex.
B) strong biological urges and desires.
C) accepted and expected patterns of behavior.
D) extremely important religious beliefs.

Question 11

Role conflict is a by-product of:

A) hormonal imbalances.
B) natural laws.
C) social complexity.
D) instinctive drives.

Question 12

Susan purchased dolls for her granddaughter's birthday and trucks for her grandson. This pattern of behavior is:

A) a role.
B) gender identity.
C) androgynous.
D) a norm.

Question 13

A person's sex is determined:

A) at conception.
B) by hormones.
C) by society.
D) by a combination of society and hormones.

Question 14

The most important factor in the assignment of gender roles is:

A) culture.
B) puberty.
C) religion.
D) testosterone.

Question 15

Mary is frustrated because her husband doesn't take the responsibility for the yard work like her father always did. Mary's disappointment stems from:

A) role expectations.
B) sexuality.
C) androgyny.
D) gender identity.

Question 16

Women have:

A) an X and a Y chromosome.
B) two Y chromosomes.
C) two X chromosomes.
D) one X and two Y chromosomes.

Question 17

Men have:

A) an X and a Y chromosome.
B) two X chromosomes.
C) two Y chromosomes.
D) one X and two Y chromosomes.

Question 18

The most severe sanctions against cross-gender behavior are aimed at:

A) minorities.
B) men.
C) the elderly.
D) women.

Question 19

Being male or female is ________________. Masculine and feminine behaviors are _______.

A) sexual; prescribed
B) deterministic; flexible
C) differentiated; normative
D) biological; cultural

Question 20

Radical feminists don't believe that we should:

A) develop a completely androgynous society.
B) attack the institution of motherhood.
C) automatically sort people into male and female categories.
D) forget that women are fundamentally different from men.

Question 21

By the end of the eighth to twelfth week, the child's sex can be determined by:

A) fetal movements.
B) tissue plasticity.
C) progesterone production.
D) external genitalia.

Question 22

In order for a male to be produced, the primitive gonad must develop into:

A) chromosomes.
B) testes.
C) testosterone.
D) hormones.

Question 23

The male's undeveloped nipples and the female's penis-like clitoris indicate that:

A) estrogen and Müllerian-inhibiting substance are similar hormones.
B) we carry the biological rudiments of the opposite sex.
C) there was a deformity in the Y chromosome.
D) a sex change operation has been performed.

Question 24

The child will be a female if the man's X chromosome combines with the woman's:

A) X chromosome.
B) Y chromosome.
C) two Y chromosomes.
D) X and Y chromosomes.

Question 25

During puberty, hormonal activity:

A) increases sharply.
B) levels off.
C) decreases sharply.
D) increases and decreases.

Question 26

The term used to describe a person who gains sexual pleasure from dressing like the opposite sex is:

A) transsexual.
B) intersexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transvestite.

Question 27

The child will be a male if the woman's X chromosome combines with the man's:

A) X chromosome.
B) Y chromosome.
C) two Y chromosomes.
D) two X chromosomes.

Question 28

____ affects male characteristics like large body size and muscle mass.

A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone
C) Progesterone
D) Müllerian-inhibiting substance

Question 29

Parents are more likely to tell girls to be:

A) assertive.
B) competitive.
C) thoughtful.
D) sportive.

Question 30

Removal of the male testes is called:

A) prostration.
B) transplantation.
C) circumcision.
D) castration.

Question 31

The hormone that spurs development of testes is called:

A) progesterone.
B) Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
C) testosterone.
D) estrogen.

Question 32

Which hormone is responsible for the development of the secretory activity of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

A) testosterone
B) Müllerian-inhibiting substance
C) estrogen
D) progesterone

Question 33

Reproductive hormones start to work when the embryo is about _______ millimeters long.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 34

Basically, the sex of a child is determined by:

A) Müllerian-inhibiting substances.
B) the male's Y chromosome.
C) hormones secreted by glands.
D) the woman's X chromosome.

Question 35

Intersexuals (formally known as hermaphrodites) have:

A) an XYY chromosome pattern.
B) extremely high levels of estrogen.
C) biological characteristics of both sexes.
D) softer tissues than other humans.

Question 36

The female hormone that affects female characteristics like breast and hip size is called:

A) androgen.
B) progesterone.
C) estrogen.
D) Müllerian-inhibiting substance.

Question 37

The complicated process that leads to first menstruation is triggered by:

A) progesterone and Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
B) estrogen and progesterone.
C) testosterone and Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
D) estrogen and Müllerian-inhibiting substance.

Question 38

The term used to describe a person who is willing to go through a sex-change operation is:

A) intersexual.
B) transvestite.
C) bisexual.
D) transsexual.

Question 39

The first menstruation is typically followed by:

A) differentiation.
B) regression.
C) ovulation.
D) plasticity.

Question 40

Reproductive hormones start to work by the time the embryo is:

A) three days old.
B) eight days old.
C) two weeks old.
D) a month old.

Question 41

The belief that roles should be filled on the basis of individual strengths and weaknesses is called:

A) androgyny.
B) role equity.
C) stereotyping.
D) masculinity.

Question 42

A marine drill sergeant believes that good marines are born, not made. His attitude is consistent with the definition of:

A) the double standard.
B) expressive character traits.
C) biological determinism.
D) identification theory.

Question 43

Which of the following ideas weakens the biological determinism view of static gender roles?

A) The differences between men and women are greater than among women or men.
B) Culture influences gender roles and modification occurs over time.
C) Sex differences are based on hormonal changes.
D) The majority of American men don't use all of their brain.

Question 44

The belief that gender roles are essentially inborn is called:

A) the psychological orientation.
B) biological determinism.
C) genetic differentiation.
D) chromosomal theory.

Question 45

Sex-role differences based upon cultural roles appear to be:

A) lessening in the United States.
B) increasing in the United States.
C) increasing globally.
D) nonexistent in the United States.

Question 46

The traditional masculine role encompasses all of the following elements EXCEPT:

A) sexual freedom.
B) dominance.
C) physical prowess.
D) expressiveness.

Question 47

The belief that gender roles are determined by environmental factors is consistent with:

A) the psychological orientation.
B) the social learning theory.
C) sociobiology.
D) determinism.

Question 48

Some feminists believe that motherhood is:

A) instinctive.
B) demeaning.
C) liberating.
D) instrumental.

Question 49

Traditional gender roles emphasize the woman's:

A) protective qualities.
B) analytical abilities.
C) physical stamina.
D) childbearing functions.

Question 50

Parents are more likely to tell boys to be:

A) thoughtful.
B) clean.
C) assertive.
D) kind.

Question 51

Popular views of androgyny:

A) realistically don't make sense.
B) would lead to an equal society.
C) produce deviance.
D) are affiliated with true equity.

Question 52

Cox and Demmitt warn that radical positions about gender roles may force women to:

A) accept new rigid gender roles.
B) abandon their biological instincts.
C) ratify the ERA amendment.
D) leave the labor force.

Question 53

Although Dean is one of the toughest football players on the team, he has pierced ears and wears his hair in a long ponytail. His behavior illustrates the principle of:

A) transsexualism.
B) androgyny.
C) differentiation.
D) equality.

Question 54

All of the following stereotypical sex differences are strongly supported by research EXCEPT:

A) males are more aggressive than females.
B) females are more submissive and dependent than males.
C) males have more heart disease.
D) males are more at risk for disease in general.

Question 55

Differences between persons of the same sex on a given characteristic are _____________ the average differences between the sexes.

A) less than
B) equal to
C) negligible to
D) greater than

Question 56

Ashley believes that women should earn as much as men for performing comparable jobs. Her attitude illustrates the principle of:

A) differentiation.
B) chauvinism.
C) equity.
D) stereotyping.

Question 57

Reducing role rigidity and stereotyping will:

A) eliminate gender roles.
B) make the sexes the same.
C) allow females to restore the traditional values of the 1950s.
D) promote freedom to choose a more fulfilling lifestyle.

Question 58

The double standard grants more sexual freedom to:

A) males.
B) females.
C) divorcées.
D) singles.

Question 59

During the school years, a male's status is generally determined by his:

A) ability to communicate.
B) tactfulness.
C) sensitivity.
D) physical prowess.

Question 60

Cox and Demmitt use the Xanith of Oman to show that society plays a strong role in determining:

A) feminist philosophies.
B) gender roles.
C) attitudes toward abortion.
D) childrearing strategies.

Question 61

b.

Question 62

Divorce laws that require an equal division of property have been linked to:

A) the feminization of poverty.
B) domestic violence.
C) the male revolt.
D) escalating child support payments.

Question 63

The first state to pass a law against a husband raping his wife was:

A) California.
B) New York.
C) Oregon.
D) Florida.

Question 64

Husband-wife rape didn't become a criminal offense until:
a.

Question 65

Rehabilitative alimony and the Displaced Homemaker's Relief Act require the former husband to provide financial help to his ex-wife so she can:

A) purchase another home.
B) retain a competent attorney.
C) pay day-to-day child care expenses.
D) retrain herself to become self-supporting.

Question 66

According to the male revolt theory, the feminist movement was predated by a male revolt against:

A) changing divorce laws.
B) women in the work force.
C) the breadwinner role.
D) liberal abortion laws.

Question 67

Women choosing to have both a career and family often experience feelings of:

A) arousal.
B) shame.
C) empathy.
D) guilt.

Question 68

In sociological terms, the traditional masculine character traits are labeled:

A) evolutionary.
B) instrumental.
C) deterministic.
D) proscriptive.

Question 69

Cox and Demmitt use the phrase "catch 22" to describe:

A) men who would like to adopt feminine traits.
B) married couples who can't agree on gender roles.
C) career women who want to have children.
D) middle-aged transvestites with children.

Question 70

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that traditional feminine character traits stem from the fact that women:

A) bear children.
B) produce estrogen.
C) outlive men.
D) repress their sexuality.

Question 71

Cox and Demmitt believe that men have:

A) openly embraced the women's liberation movement.
B) benefited from the women's liberation movement.
C) not been affected by the women's liberation movement.
D) been oppressed by the women's liberation movement.

Question 72

The feminization of poverty thesis argues that the ranks of the poor are being filled by:

A) individuals who are passive and nonassertive.
B) female-headed, single-parent families.
C) elderly women.
D) gays and lesbians.

Question 73

The disadvantages of the female role arise mainly from:

A) responsibilities.
B) prohibitions.
C) obligations.
D) ambiguity.

Question 74

The main disadvantages of the male role are:

A) sexual restrictions and role ambiguity.
B) obligations and responsibilities.
C) feelings of confusion and frustration.
D) loss of identity and role conflict.

Question 75

____ character traits enable one to accomplish tasks and goals.

A) Expressive
B) Instrumental
C) Deterministic
D) Evolutionary

Question 76

In sociological terms, the traditional feminine character traits are labeled:

A) functional.
B) prescriptive.
C) expressive.
D) descriptive.

Question 77

Many states have eliminated the humiliating defense tactic of cross-examining the rape victim about her:

A) body language.
B) previous sexual conduct.
C) religious beliefs.
D) marital problems.

Question 78

Conflicts over changing masculine and feminine roles in the "real world" can:

A) ease obligations and responsibilities.
B) lead to feelings of flexibility and escape.
C) differentiate gender roles in reality.
D) cause people to feel confusion, ambiguity, and frustration.

Question 79

In the past, laws were based on the idea that:

A) a husband couldn't sell property without his wife's consent.
B) men were less responsible than women.
C) women were weak and in need of protection.
D) divorced women should receive all of the family property.

Question 80

The number of women having their first babies after age forty has:

A) stabilized.
B) decreased.
C) increased.
D) remained the same.