Deck 1: Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of Family Diversity

Question 1

Why is it necessary to be creative in our vision of the ideal family?

A) Focusing on similarities and avoiding differences will help us define the family.
B) Creativity can lead to increased divorce rates and single parents.
C) Our time would be more effective pursuing ways to avoid conflict.
D) Visualizing more than simply the absence of conflict can produce motivational goals.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Vera and David Mace believe that the quality of life in our communities is determined in part by:

A) objective conditions like crime and poverty.
B) a common set of moral and ethical factors.
C) subjective factors like people's perceptions of local community issues.
D) the quality of relationships in the families that make up the communities.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Strong families are committed to:

A) material success.
B) promoting each other's happiness and welfare.
C) traditional gender roles.
D) the principle of individualism.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Discovering the strengths of enduring intimate relationships may enable us to:

A) understand the causes of jealousy.
B) build a successful marriage and fulfilling family life.
C) predict divorce rates.
D) make choices by default.

Question 5

While it may not be true, many believe the sign of a successful marriage is:

A) durability.
B) wealth.
C) children.
D) conflict-ridden.

Question 6

Strong families tend to exhibit all of the following qualities EXCEPT:

A) high incomes.
B) commitment.
C) good communication patterns.
D) appreciation.

Question 7

____ relationships are characterized by intense intellectual, emotional, and when appropriate, physical communion.

A) Satisfactory
B) Intimate
C) Consummate
D) Connected

Question 8

Why is studying strong families so important to the authors?

A) Understanding what is wrong with the family by comparing and contrasting it to successful families can make research easier.
B) Uncovering the strengths of enduring relationships can help improve our ability to build a successful intimate relationship.
C) Justifying the importance of two-parent families can ease the pressure on government supported programs.
D) The authors want to create an ideal vision of the family, but know the ideal is unattainable.

Question 9

Vera and David Mace coined the phrase "family wellness" to describe:

A) the love and affection that families provide during an illness.
B) a strong family that is functioning successfully.
C) intellectual, emotional, and physical communion.
D) medical plans designed for couples with children.

Question 10

Modern marriages and families have:

A) undergone dramatic changes and are still evolving.
B) stopped changing and have remained constant over the past few years.
C) experienced dramatic change and continue to change at a rapid rate.
D) have remained unchanged over time.

Question 11

Cox and Demmitt suggest that intimacy allows us to:

A) process complex information.
B) be human.
C) function like automatons.
D) control others.

Question 12

The key to a successful family:

A) is a two-parent unit with biological parents.
B) will be best understood by coming to an agreed-upon definition of the family.
C) is understanding the characteristics that allow intimate relationships to grow and flourish.
D) is rooted in the lack of conflict, but is not affected by creative visualization of the ideal.

Question 13

As a result of research on the importance of strong families:

A) the divorce rate has declined.
B) family values are a favored government topic.
C) adolescents are less susceptible to peer pressure.
D) family values have been replaced by education programs.

Question 14

The dismay at the current state of the family and the desire to return to the "good old days" has created:

A) a host of alternative family forms.
B) a new wave of liberalism.
C) the myth of family decline.
D) more opportunities for working women.

Question 15

Which of the following examples best demonstrates commitment in strong families?

A) Tom wakes every morning to make coffee and put away the dishes. Sue leaves Tom notes letting him know how much she appreciates this morning routine.
B) Sue got angry at Tom for leaving his briefcase on the coffee table with his shoes and jacket next to it. Then Sue remembered that Tom had just finished a big project for work and was probably exhausted when he came home. This made her less angry.
C) Sue and Tom look forward each week to attending church together. The time spent together and with their church family draws them closer.
D) Tom receives a last-minute invitation to a football game on the same night that Sue planned a date. Tom wants to attend the game, but decides to keep his plans with Sue.

Question 16

Diversity in the family today has resulted in:

A) no similarities to the family of the past.
B) a lack of expert agreement on the definition of "family."
C) overemphasis on family similarities.
D) government withdrawal from the family structure.

Question 17

Research comparing children raised by both parents to those raised by single parents has consistently found that:

A) children raised by both parents tend to do better in school.
B) children raised by stepparents do as well in school as those raised by both parents.
C) children raised by single parents do as well as those raised by two parents.
D) children raised by both parents do equally well to all family structures.

Question 18

____ prevents individualism from turning into egocentrism.

A) Appreciation
B) Good communication
C) Commitment
D) Spending time together

Question 19

Strong families take the initiative to fight their problems and are:

A) optimistic.
B) pessimistic.
C) egocentric.
D) self-defeating.

Question 20

What we learn from our _________ influences our intimate relationships in our _________.

A) family of origin; ideal family
B) functional family; family of procreation
C) family of origin; family of procreation
D) family of origin; extended family

Question 21

Which of the following commitments is present in a marriage, but lacking in non-marital intimate relationships?

A) wanting to stay in the relationship
B) feeling morally obligated to stay in the relationship
C) the presence of legal barriers to leaving the relationship
D) investment of time and energy

Question 22

According to the data in Figure 1-2:

A) Hispanics have the highest percentage of married adults.
B) only blacks have a higher percentage of married adults in 2010 than in 1990.
C) across all races, the percentage of married adults is lower in 2010 than in 1990.
D) whites have the highest percentage of divorced adults.

Question 23

The best definition for a strong family is one that:

A) has stayed together for 20 or more years or does not enter into arguments.
B) uses equality as a means to gain wealth and prosperity.
C) creates a positive living environment where individuals leave feeling comforted and renewed.
D) supports a socialist government and economic system.

Question 24

The family strength that allows families to rebound from adversity is:

A) good communication patterns.
B) appreciation.
C) commitment.
D) resilience.

Question 25

A family strength where members continue to share rituals such as eating special foods during holidays is:

A) the desire to spend time together.
B) commitment.
C) a strong value system.
D) self-efficacy.

Question 26

Family members who see difficulties as challenges exhibit the family strength called:

A) self-efficacy.
B) commitment.
C) a strong value system.
D) resilience.

Question 27

Pessimists believe that America's high divorce rate is:

A) a sign of family decline.
B) part of our frontier tradition.
C) a manifestation of sound decision making.
D) an important measure of women's liberation.

Question 28

There is little agreement about how families are changing and what the changes mean because:

A) the birthrate in the United States is increasing.
B) individual personal experiences may not describe the conditions of all families.
C) researchers disagree on the method of research needed.
D) most professionals do not see the family as making any changes.

Question 29

The process that enables us to develop a value system to guide our decisions is called:

A) discovery.
B) symbolic interaction.
C) socialization.
D) regeneration.

Question 30

When confronted by a crisis, strong families tend to:

A) retreat.
B) expand.
C) unite.
D) shrink.

Question 31

According to the data in Figure 1-2, ________ was the fastest growing marital status from 1990 to 2010.

A) married
B) divorced
C) widowed
D) never married

Question 32

Stinnett and DeFrain found that a strong value system is most often expressed as:

A) an unorthodox way of dealing with problems.
B) an extraordinary commitment to open communication.
C) a high degree of religious orientation.
D) a desire to spend time together.

Question 33

Family science is:

A) a decision-making process.
B) interdisciplinary.
C) highly subjective.
D) a branch of medicine.

Question 34

Research on the relationship between religion and marriage has consistently found that:

A) there is no correlation between religion and marital happiness.
B) there is a positive correlation between religion and marital happiness.
C) religion leads temporary effects on marital happiness but does not decrease the likelihood of divorce.
D) the relationship between religion and marital happiness has disappeared over the last 40 years.

Question 35

Families who share a strong value system tend to experience:

A) a "smothering" togetherness.
B) a sense of "wellness" that overpowers the individual.
C) shorter socialization periods.
D) spiritual wellness.

Question 36

A family relationship that includes mutual affection and respect illustrates the quality of:

A) appreciation.
B) commitment.
C) empathy.
D) resilience.

Question 37

Optimists tend to believe that divorce:

A) contributes to the decline of the family.
B) declines as a result of creative family structures.
C) allows people to create a family that is best for them.
D) is necessary in a society supporting family values.

Question 38

Strong values can be demonstrated through all of the following activities EXCEPT:

A) community involvement.
B) education.
C) last-minute decision-making.
D) work.

Question 39

Families that communicate well tend to:

A) promote egocentrism.
B) fight fairly.
C) communicate indirectly.
D) enjoy passive activities.

Question 40

About ____ percent of Americans will marry and establish a family at some point in their lives.

A) 90
B) 75
C) 60
D) 42

Question 41

Sorting out relevant influences involves finding influences that are:

A) based on intuition.
B) important to your decision.
C) characterized by connotative meaning.
D) devoid of long-term consequences.

Question 42

Practical intelligence is called:

A) common sense.
B) unconscious awareness.
C) optimism.
D) intuition.

Question 43

An important way to gather resources in the decision-making process is to:

A) define needs and wants
B) seek advice from others.
C) compare your choices.
D) define what you need.

Question 44

After defining needs, gathering information, evaluating resources, and comparing choices, a key component of the decision-making process is to actually:

A) evaluate the decision.
B) compare choices.
C) make a decision.
D) examine the available resources.

Question 45

People who make choices by default tend to:

A) predict long-term outcomes.
B) operate in an emotionally charged environment.
C) misinterpret intuitive messages.
D) let things take their course.

Question 46

The decision-making process includes all of the following steps EXCEPT:

A) looking carefully at your resources.
B) identifying choices.
C) evaluating decisions.
D) building commitment.

Question 47

A snap decision is a quick decision made without:

A) connotative meanings.
B) considering all of the choices.
C) evaluating the degree of short-term pleasure.
D) a subjective foundation.

Question 48

It is important to gather sufficient and _____________information before making a decision.

A) resilient
B) necessary
C) relevant
D) intuitive

Question 49

In the decision-making process, too much information can contribute to:

A) unconscious decision-making.
B) indecisiveness.
C) short-term thinking.
D) idealism.

Question 50

After making a decision, a person must stay flexible and:

A) deal with the crisis.
B) evaluate the decision.
C) make the decision.
D) look carefully at his/her resources.

Question 51

The connotative meaning of a word conveys:

A) unimportant information.
B) alternative choices.
C) emotional content.
D) cultural expectations.

Question 52

Lack of confidence and negative self-image may result from growing up in a/an:

A) strong family.
B) highly emotional family.
C) optimistic family.
D) highly critical family.

Question 53

In the decision-making process, seeking the advice of knowledgeable people is an important way of:

A) discovering your resources.
B) defining your wants and needs.
C) evaluating your decisions.
D) comparing your choices.

Question 54

Upon review, we often find that decisions made using intuition and common sense:

A) are difficult to understand.
B) are not really decisions, but emotional states.
C) are usually wrong.
D) are usually based on more information than was initially apparent.

Question 55

The first step in the decision-making process is:

A) comparing your choices.
B) defining what you need or want.
C) examining your resources.
D) developing a plan.

Question 56

A successful decision is one that strikes a balance between:

A) needs and long-term resources.
B) personal intelligence and alternative outcomes.
C) the rational and emotional aspects of a situation.
D) intuition and unconscious thought patterns.

Question 57

Cox and Demmitt believe that decision making requires logic and:

A) luck.
B) idealism.
C) emotion.
D) egocentrism.

Question 58

Sally knew something was wrong with her husband when he arrived home from work before he even spoke. This "knowing" is an example of:

A) sorting.
B) common sense.
C) rationality.
D) intuition.

Question 59

Family science is:

A) subjective.
B) eclectic.
C) deterministic.
D) traditional.

Question 60

A sociologist who is interested in determining the level of a particular family theory would consider all of the following EXCEPT:

A) family organization.
B) the concept of time.
C) family relationships.
D) the institutions surrounding the family.

Question 61

Conflict theorists tend to focus on:

A) stability.
B) inequality.
C) values.
D) emotions.

Question 62

The exchange theory focuses on the _________ level.

A) individual
B) societal
C) institutional
D) structural

Question 63

Time is an important component of:

A) conflict theory.
B) family development theory.
C) ecological theory.
D) symbolic interaction theory.

Question 64

The ecological theory places emphasis on:

A) family roles.
B) adaptation.
C) the status quo.
D) idealism.

Question 65

The experiment is made up of all EXCEPT:

A) an independent variable.
B) a dependent variable.
C) a data set.
D) controls.

Question 66

The ecological theory focuses on the interplay between the individual and:

A) the environment.
B) his/her conscience.
C) the concept of time.
D) subconscious processes.

Question 67

A realistic view claims that:

A) human behavior is subject to the laws of science.
B) reality is grounded in a person's attitudes and beliefs.
C) there are real things existing outside of human consciousness.
D) the concept of time is based on human emotions.

Question 68

When Klein and White compared theories by sources of change, they wanted to know if the sources were:

A) idealistic or realistic.
B) social or biological.
C) within the family or external to the family.
D) measured objectively or subjectively.

Question 69

Symbolic interaction theory focuses on the development of _______ and _________ through interaction in relationships.

A) identity; family
B) resiliency; identity
C) self-concept; identity
D) self-concept; resiliency

Question 70

Sociologists categorize theories by focusing on all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) connotative meanings.
B) level.
C) time.
D) sources of change.

Question 71

The systems theory focuses on:

A) individual choice.
B) evolution.
C) interconnectedness.
D) personal interactions.

Question 72

The __________ theory tends to see the relationship between people as the ultimate determinant of behavior.

A) exchange
B) systems
C) family development
D) symbolic interaction

Question 73

Researchers can gather data from a sample population after the fact by:

A) asking questions on a survey.
B) setting up a control group.
C) creating an experiment.
D) observing behavior.

Question 74

Observing family interaction in a restaurant is an example of:

A) a survey.
B) clinical study.
C) an experiment.
D) field observation.

Question 75

The theoretical approach that guides family science researchers to look at how people gain from each other (rewards) and what they give (costs) as a basis for understanding intimate relationships is:

A) systems theory.
B) conflict theory.
C) symbolic interaction.
D) exchange theory.

Question 76

Using the ideas of the systems theory, the goal of family therapy is:

A) change for the whole family, not just the individual.
B) to realize that the normal state of the family is conflict.
C) to account for outside influences.
D) to equalize power.

Question 77

Conflict theory can help us understand:

A) how government systems affect the family.
B) the meaning behind actions in intimate relationships.
C) how a child wetting the bed affects the family.
D) power relationships within families.

Question 78

The theory that emphasizes the dynamic nature of the family is the:

A) systems theory
B) exchange theory
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interaction theory

Question 79

The idealistic view suggests that the key to understanding human behavior is to focus on the individual's reaction to:

A) biological drives.
B) outside forces.
C) emotional demands.
D) intuitive thoughts.

Question 80

David Klein and James White use the term "time" to underscore the fact that family theories can be:

A) shaped by larger historical trends and events.
B) divided into old and new theories.
C) judged by the longevity of their influence.
D) placed on a continuum between static and dynamic.