Question 1

In what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A) G₁ B) S C) G₂ D) M

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle.

Question 2

Erythropoietin is a growth factor affecting erythroid progenitors and is produced by what organ?&#10;A) Bone marrow&#10;B) Spleen&#10;C) Kidney&#10;D) Liver

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Question 3

A cell that is actively synthesizing protein has:&#10;A) More nucleoli&#10;B) More heterochromatin&#10;C) Fewer ribosomes&#10;D) Fewer mitochondria

Accepted Answer

Nucleoli are responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis. Therefore, a cell that is actively synthesizing protein would need more nucleoli to produce more ribosomes. Heterochromatin is not directly related to protein synthesis. Ribosomes are needed for protein synthesis, so a cell that is actively synthesizing protein would have more ribosomes, not fewer. Mitochondria are not directly related to protein synthesis.

Question 4

What cellular component of the erythrocyte is its control center?&#10;A) Heterochromatin&#10;B) Golgi complex&#10;C) Nucleus&#10;D) Cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

The erythrocyte, also known as a red blood cell, is unique in that it does not have a nucleus (or any other organelles). Therefore, it does not have a control center.

Question 5

Lysosomes are found in the cytoplasm of many cells and contain:&#10;A) Cholesterol&#10;B) Hydrolytic enzymes&#10;C) Glycoproteins&#10;D) RNA

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. They also play a role in destroying foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. Cholesterol, glycoproteins, and RNA are not typically found in lysosomes.

Question 6

If the lysosomal membrane ruptures, what is the consequence to the cell?&#10;A) Activates cell nucleus to replicate DNA&#10;B) Enhances protein synthesis by ribosomes&#10;C) Damages internal cell structures&#10;D) Facilitates rearrangement of intracellular organelles

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain enzymes that can break down cellular components, so if the lysosomal membrane ruptures, these enzymes will be released into the cell and can potentially damage internal cell structures. This can lead to cell dysfunction or even cell death. Choices A, B, and D are not relevant to lysosomal membrane rupture.

Question 7

If the cytoplasm of a cell is very basophilic or blue when stained with Wright stain it contains:&#10;A) Low concentration of lysosomes&#10;B) Large number of ribosomes&#10;C) Small number of ribosomes&#10;D) High concentration of lysosomes

Accepted Answer

The basophilic (blue) appearance of the cytoplasm when stained with Wright stain indicates a large number of ribosomes. Ribosomes stain basophilic due to their RNA content.

Question 8

What component of the erythrocyte is most responsible for its cytoskeleton and cellular integrity?&#10;A) Integral protein&#10;B) Peripheral protein&#10;C) Nucleus&#10;D) Golgi complex

Accepted Answer

The erythrocyte's cytoskeleton and cellular integrity are primarily maintained by its peripheral proteins, specifically spectrin and actin. These proteins form a mesh-like network that gives the erythrocyte its characteristic biconcave shape and allows it to withstand the mechanical stress of passing through narrow capillaries. Integral proteins, such as transporters and receptors, are embedded within the erythrocyte's lipid bilayer and serve different functions. The nucleus and Golgi complex are not present in mature erythrocytes, which lack a nucleus and have a minimal endomembrane system.

Question 9

What cellular component &#34;directs traffic&#34; for smooth functioning?&#10;A) Mitochondria&#10;B) Ribosomes&#10;C) Golgi complex&#10;D) Nucleoli

Accepted Answer

The Golgi complex is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for delivery to other parts of the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. It acts as a "traffic director" to ensure that cellular components are delivered to the correct destination for smooth functioning.

Question 10

Where are surface markers that help in cell identification found?&#10;A) Cell membrane&#10;B) Golgi complex&#10;C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum&#10;D) Nucleus

Accepted Answer

Surface markers that help in cell identification are found on the cell membrane.

Question 11

How does the genetically active portion of the nuclear chromatin look when stained with Wright stain?&#10;A) Condensed, darkly stained&#10;B) Clumped, dark purple&#10;C) Ropelike, pink or red&#10;D) Diffuse, uncondensed and pale blue

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the genetically active portion of...

Question 12

What cellular component is responsible for energy production and metabolic processes?&#10;A) Ribosomes&#10;B) Nucleus&#10;C) Mitochondria&#10;D) Lysosomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of What cellular component is responsible for energy...

Question 13

Protein synthesis occurs in what part of a cell?&#10;A) Ribosomes&#10;B) Nucleus&#10;C) Mitochondria&#10;D) Lysosomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Protein synthesis occurs in what part of...

Question 14

Which of the following morphologic characteristics is representative of apoptosis?&#10;A) Inflammation&#10;B) Cell swelling&#10;C) Cell shrinkage&#10;D) Cell lysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following morphologic characteristics is...

Question 15

After birth, where does hematopoiesis predominantly occur?&#10;A) Bone marrow&#10;B) Spleen&#10;C) Liver&#10;D) Lymph nodes

Accepted Answer

The answer of After birth, where does hematopoiesis predominantly occur?&#10;A)...

Question 16

The nucleolus of a cell is composed of:&#10;A) Hydrolytic enzymes&#10;B) Glycoproteins&#10;C) RNA&#10;D) Lipids

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nucleolus of a cell is composed...

Question 17

What cellular structures appear as granules with Wright stain?&#10;A) Ribosomes&#10;B) Golgi bodies&#10;C) Mitochondria&#10;D) Lysosomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of What cellular structures appear as granules with...

Deck 6: Cellular Structure and Function