Deck 9: Health Promotion of the Infant and Family

Question 1

A 4-month-old was born at 35 weeks of gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child, who was term. What should the nurse's explanation include?

A) Infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.
B) Infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines.
C) The infant's behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents.
D) The infant's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period.

Answer 1

Infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.

Question 2

Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities?

A) Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
B) Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills.
C) Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.
D) Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.

Answer 2

Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.

Question 3

A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. How should the nurse interpret this action?

A) Normal development
B) Significant developmental lag
C) Slightly delayed development due to prematurity
D) Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy

Answer 3

Normal development

Question 4

A parent asks the nurse "at what age do most infants begin to fear strangers?" The nurse should give which response?

A) 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 5

A nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents of infants. The nurse explains that which behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence?

A) Recognizes familiar face, such as mother
B) Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle
C) Actively searches for a hidden object
D) Secures objects by pulling on a string

Question 6

Which would be the best play activity for a 6-month-old infant to provide tactile stimulation?

A) Allow to splash in bath.
B) Give various colored blocks.
C) Play music box, tapes, or CDs.
D) Use infant swing or stroller.

Question 7

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately how many pounds?

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 8

Which is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation?

A) Playing peek-a-boo
B) Playing pat-a-cake
C) Imitating animal sounds
D) Showing how to clap hands

Question 9

A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old infant. Which statement best describes the infant's physical development a nurse should expect to find?

A) Anterior fontanel closes by age 6 to 10 months.
B) Binocularity is well established by age 8 months.
C) Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year.
D) Maternal iron stores persist during the first 12 months of life.

Question 10

At what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle?

A) 1 month
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) 4 months

Question 11

The nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

A) Normal finding
B) Finding requiring a referral
C) Abnormal finding
D) Normal finding, but requires rechecking in 1 month

Question 12

The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old. Recommendations should include giving a first rattle at about which age?

A) 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 7 months
D) 9 months

Question 13

A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the posterior fontanel usually closes at which age?

A) 6 to 8 weeks
B) 10 to 12 weeks
C) 4 to 6 months
D) 8 to 10 months

Question 14

By which age should the nurse expect an infant to be able to pull to a standing position?

A) 6 months
B) 8 months
C) 11 to 12 months
D) 14 to 15 months

Question 15

At what age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?

A) 4 months
B) 6 months
C) 8 months
D) 10 months

Question 16

The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they have noticed foods such as peas and corn are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant's stools. The nurse's explanation of this is based on which statement?

A) Child should not be given fibrous foods until digestive tract matures at age 4 years.
B) Child should not be given any solid foods until this digestive problem is resolved.
C) This is abnormal and requires further investigation.
D) This is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.

Question 17

At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

A) 1 month
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) 4 months

Question 18

The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. What knowledge should the nurse's response should be based?

A) Unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
B) Unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones
C) Acceptable to encourage fine motor development
D) Acceptable to encourage head control and turning over

Question 19

In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do?

A) Transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table.
B) Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp and release an object at will.
C) Hold a crayon between the fingers and make a mark on paper.
D) Release cubes into a cup and build a tower of two blocks.

Question 20

According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?

A) Use of reflexes
B) Primary circular reactions
C) Secondary circular reactions
D) Coordination of secondary schemata

Question 21

The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive, inflexible, high-top shoes. The nurse should explain that:

A) soft and flexible shoes are generally better.
B) high-top shoes are necessary for support.
C) inflexible shoes are necessary to prevent in-toeing and out-toeing.
D) this type of shoe will encourage the infant to walk sooner.

Question 22

Parents tell the nurse that their 1-year-old son often sleeps with them. They seem unconcerned about this. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?

A) Children should not sleep with their parents.
B) Separation from parents should be completed by this age.
C) Daytime attention should be increased.
D) This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.

Question 23

What is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet?

A) 2 to 3 months
B) 4 to 6 months
C) When birth weight has tripled
D) When tooth eruption has started

Question 24

The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse whether the child can eat hot dogs. The nurse's reply should be based on which statement?

A) Child is too young to digest hot dogs.
B) Child is too young to eat hot dogs safely.
C) Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration.
D) Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

Question 25

A nurse is teaching a parent about introduction of solid foods into an infant's diet. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

A) Solid food introduction can be started at 2 months of age.
B) Rice cereal is introduced first.
C) Begin the introduction of solid foods by mixing with formula in the bottle.
D) Introduce egg white in small quantities (1 tsp) toward the end of the first year.
E) Introduce one food at a time, usually at intervals of 4 to 7 days.

Question 26

The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is:

A) front facing in back seat.
B) rear facing in back seat.
C) front facing in front seat with air bag on passenger side.
D) rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.

Question 27

Which figure depicts an expected developmental milestone for a 7-month-old infant?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 28

Austin, age 6 months, has six teeth. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

A) Normal tooth eruption
B) Delayed tooth eruption
C) Unusual and dangerous
D) Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption

Question 29

A nurse is teaching a parent about administration of iron supplements to a 7-month-old infant. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

A) Administer the iron supplement with a dropper toward the side and to the back of the mouth
B) Administer the iron supplement with feedings.
C) Your infant's stools may look tarry green.
D) Your infant may have some diarrhea initially.
E) Follow the iron supplement with 4 ounces of juice.

Question 30

The nurse is teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection. Which characteristics should the pacifier have? (Select all that apply.)

A) Easily grasped handle
B) One-piece construction
C) Ribbon or string to secure to clothing
D) Soft, pliable material
E) Sturdy, flexible material

Question 31

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved. Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d, e).

A) Voluntary palmar grasp
B) Reflex palmar grasp
C) Puts objects into a container
D) Neat pincer grasp
E) Builds a tower of two blocks, but fails

Question 32

The parent of a 2-week-old infant, exclusively breastfed, asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are needed. What is the nurse's best response?

A) "She needs to begin taking them now."
B) "They are not needed if you drink fluoridated water."
C) "She may need to begin taking them at age 4 months."
D) "She can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements."

Question 33

The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their infant. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?

A) Health practices of facility
B) Structured learning environment
C) Socioeconomic status of children
D) Cultural similarities of children

Question 34

Which information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy?

A) Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months, when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear.
B) Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days.
C) Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant.
D) Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.

Question 35

In terms of gross motor development, which should the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? (Select all that apply.)

A) Roll from abdomen to back.
B) Put feet in mouth when supine.
C) Roll from back to abdomen.
D) Sit erect without support.
E) Move from prone to sitting position.
F) Adjust posture to reach an object.

Question 36

The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster. What should the nurse recommend?

A) Never heat a bottle in a microwave oven.
B) Heat only 10 ounces or more.
C) Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
D) Shake bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.

Question 37

The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?

A) 6 months
B) 9 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months

Question 38

A parent asks the nurse "when will my infant start to teethe?" The nurse responds that the earliest age at which an infant begins teething with eruption of lower central incisors is _____ months.

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 12

Question 39

A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant. What should the nurse recommend the infant be given?

A) Skim milk
B) Whole cow's milk
C) Commercial iron-fortified formula
D) Commercial formula without iron