Deck 11: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Liz is suffering greatly from symptoms of depression.She cannot keep a job and sometimes thinks about killing herself.We can conclude that Liz has

A)a mental disorder.
B)a diagnostic dilemma.
C)been denying her issues.
D)been declared insane.

Answer 1

a mental disorder.

Question 2

Wally has been suffering greatly from an emotional state that he fears is self-destructive and that keeps him from going to work.Wally might be diagnosed with

A)a mental disorder.
B)insanity.
C)antisocial personality.
D)stress.

Answer 2

a mental disorder.

Question 3

Any behavior or emotional state that causes great suffering,is self-destructive,seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others,or endangers others or the community can be considered

A)a mental disorder.
B)emotional distress.
C)a violation of cultural standards.
D)self-destructive behavior.

Answer 3

a mental disorder.

Question 4

Which one of the following disorders is most likely to be found described in the DSM?

A)pain related to a torn cartilage in the knee
B)a seizure disorder related to tumors in the brain
C)erectile dysfunction caused by nerve damage following prostate surgery
D)an eating disorder associated with a distorted self-image

Question 5

________________ is a culture-bound syndrome,found in North Africa and the Middle East,that is characterized by a belief in possession by a spirit,causing shouting,laughing,head banging,weeping,and withdrawal.

A)taijin kyofusho
B)ghost sickness
C)amok
D)zar

Question 6

Dr.Samuel Cartwright's diagnosis of drapetomania,which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom,exemplifies

A)the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions.
B)how notions of mental disorder are often based on prevailing attitudes and prejudices rather than objective evidence.
C)how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response,which is a normal human reaction.
D)recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century.

Question 7

Beginning with the DSM's fourth edition,a list of disorders specific to particular cultures was included.The disorders on this list are known as

A)culture-bound syndromes.
B)ethnic artifacts.
C)ultra nationalisms.
D)multicultural disorders.

Question 8

Critics point out that one of the problems of the DSM is that

A)it does not include culture-bound syndromes.
B)it is too resistant to change and too reluctant to add new diagnostic categories,even though the concerns of 2011 are far different from those from 1952.
C)it relies too much on empirical evidence and research findings rather than focusing on the person who is at the heart of the diagnostic process.
D)it is not called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and a Whole Bunch of Everyday Problems," yet the compilers keep adding everyday problems!

Question 9

Your textbook states that this is the fastest-growing diagnosis given to young children

A)hyperactivity.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)depression.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 10

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as brooding,followed by a violent outburst that is often precipitated by an insult.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)taijin kyofusho
B)ghost sickness
C)amok
D)zar

Question 11

When people are said to be insane,this means that

A)psychologists have compared their behaviors to characteristics of individuals with disorders and found a strong correlation.
B)a psychiatrist has determined that they are suffering from one of the psychological disorders,as described in the DSM.
C)a legal determination has been made that they are incompetent to stand trial and unaware of the consequences of their actions.
D)a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made either by a psychologist or by a psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of the insane.

Question 12

When a person has a mental illness,he or she

A)is diagnosed as insane.
B)is legally unfit to stand trial in a court of law.
C)is engaging in a statistically rare behavior.
D)may have symptoms that are extremely common.

Question 13

The primary purpose of the DSM is to

A)help psychologists assess normal,as well as abnormal,behavior.
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C)provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
D)describe the causes of common psychological disorders.

Question 14

Some critics of the DSM maintain that many diagnoses still depend on __________ about what constitutes normal behavior,as well as what constitutes a mental disorder.

A)a physician's opinion
B)the insurance company's opinion
C)the individual's own feelings
D)cultural biases

Question 15

Your roommate has a lot of problems with her family and sometimes with her friends,and she is often sad or worried about these issues.One day she asks you if she is normal.What should you say in response?

A)It is normal to fear being abnormal,and it is normal to have problems.
B)If you are wondering if you are normal,it may be the first sign of disorder.
C)Most psychological problems involve delusions or bizarre behavior,so you needn't worry.
D)Mental illness is a myth because actually it is society that has the disorder.

Question 16

A major advantage of the DSM is that

A)the boundaries between "normality" and "mental disorder" are fuzzy.
B)many psychological symptoms fall along a continuum from mild to severe.
C)the reliability of diagnosis is greatly improved when the manual is used correctly.
D)use of the DSM gives the illusion of objectivity.

Question 17

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as a short episode of mental symptoms after engaging in the folk practice of "exercise of vital energy." Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)taijin kyofusho
B)ghost sickness
C)pibloktoq
D)qi-gong psychotic reaction

Question 18

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as extreme excitement with verbal and physical violence for up to 30 minutes and then convulsions and a short coma.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)brain fag
B)ataque de nervios
C)pibloktoq
D)qi-gong psychotic reaction

Question 19

Which of the following is a limitation or inherent problem with the DSM?

A)the danger of underdiagnosis
B)it produces unreliable diagnoses
C)the labeling of normal problems as serious mental disorders
D)too few diagnostic categories

Question 20

One diagnostic category in the DSM is __________ disorders,which includes behaviors such as pathological gambling,setting fires,or having violent rages.

A)somatoform
B)dissociative
C)anxiety
D)impulse-control

Question 21

Which of the following is the leading objective test of major depression?

A)Rorschach Inkblot test
B)Thematic Apperception Test
C)Beck Depression Inventory
D)MMPI

Question 22

What purpose do the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's (MMPI)validity scales serve?

A)to indicate whether a test taker is likely to be lying,defensive,or evasive while answering the items
B)to make sure clinicians are scoring the test correctly
C)to prevent the test from being used to classify people as insane or not insane
D)to control for the effects of culture on the test taker

Question 23

Jarrod fears leaving his apartment during daylight hours even for a short walk to get his mail.His diagnosis would most likely belong in the category of __________ disorders.

A)mood
B)personality
C)anxiety
D)impulse-control

Question 24

Which personality tests rely on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

A)MMPI
B)TAT
C)16PF
D)Rorschach

Question 25

Standardized questionnaires requiring written responses that ask about the test taker's behavior and feelings and typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves are referred to as __________ tests.

A)clinical judgment
B)inkblot
C)objective
D)projective

Question 26

According to the textbook's discussion on anxiety

A)panic attacks are called the fear of fears because people feel that they are dying.
B)in many situations it is sensible to feel anxiety,and in fact,these emotions are adaptive.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder occurs within the first two days after a trauma.
D)it is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience a panic attack.

Question 27

The chief characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder is

A)continuous,uncontrollable anxiety or worry.
B)short-lived,but intense,feelings of spontaneous anxiety.
C)excessive fear of a particular situation.
D)repeated thoughts used to ward off anxious feelings.

Question 28

The most widely used objective personality test is the

A)MMPI.
B)EPQ.
C)16PF.
D)TAT.

Question 29

Sheldon is asked to report what he sees in an ambiguous picture.It is evident that Sheldon is being given

A)the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.
B)the Beck Depression Inventory.
C)the Rorschach inkblot test.
D)the MMPI.

Question 30

Joey experiences a continuous state of uncontrollable worry and irritability.Most of the time he feels jittery and keyed up,even though he doesn't drink coffee.According to the DSM this disorder is called

A)panic attack.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 31

Psychological tests used to infer motives,conflicts,and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called

A)clinical judgment tests.
B)inventories.
C)objective tests.
D)projective tests.

Question 32

Projective tests are based on

A)behavioral assumptions.
B)psychodynamic assumptions.
C)humanist assumptions.
D)social-cognitive learning assumptions.

Question 33

A widely used objective personality test that is organized into ten categories,or scales,covering such problems as depressions,paranoia,schizophrenia,and introversion is called the

A)MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory).
B)Rorschach inkblot test.
C)CPDT (Comprehensive Personality Disorder Test).
D)DSM-IV.

Question 34

The assessment method that would have the most validity and reliability would be

A)the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory).
B)the Rorschach inkblot test.
C)the use of "anatomically detailed" dolls to identify child abuse.
D)clinical observations and interviews.

Question 35

One of the most popular projective tests used in clinical practice is the

A)Harmon sensibility index.
B)Rorschach inkblot test.
C)Myers Briggs type indicator.
D)Keenan hypnosis susceptibility scale.

Question 36

One of the culture-bound syndromes is described as preoccupation with death accompanied by bad dreams,fainting,appetite loss,fear,and hallucinations.Which of the following is the name of this problem?

A)taijin kyofusho
B)ghost sickness
C)amok
D)zar

Question 37

In the 1980s,psychotherapists began using anatomically correct dolls and projective tests to determine whether children had been sexually abused.What fundamental principle of science did they fail to follow?

A)They did not compare these children with a control group.
B)They did not require the children to provide different alternatives.
C)They considered the child to have been abused if there was uncertainty about sexual terms.
D)Children were considered to have been abused if they asked any questions or wondered about their sexuality.

Question 38

Candice experiences a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread,apprehension,difficulties in concentration,and signs of motor tension.According to the DSM this disorder is called

A)panic attack.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 39

Which of the following is an objective test that describes personality and can be used to help diagnose emotional problems?

A)MMPI
B)CPI
C)Rorschach
D)TAT

Question 40

When a psychological instrument fails to measure what it is supposed to measure,psychologists would say that there is a problem with

A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)standardization.
D)regulation.

Question 41

Reexperiencing a traumatic event long after the event is associated with _______ disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)panic
C)phobic
D)PTSD

Question 42

Which one of the following characteristics appears to put someone at greater risk for PTSD?

A)a passive personality
B)having a relatively large hippocampus
C)being female
D)a relaxed personality

Question 43

Allen is in a constant state of dread.He has trouble sleeping,feels tense,and cannot concentrate.Allen will likely be diagnosed as which anxiety disorder?

A)phobia
B)generalized anxiety
C)panic
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 44

Four friends experienced significant traumatic events in the same year.Who is most likely to be suffering from panic disorder now?

A)Alden took some time away from work to spend with his family and to pursue interests he always put off before.
B)Nathan took time to grieve and feel sad before he was ready to return to work.
C)Conner viewed the panic attack he had a week after the event as a result of a passing crisis or period of stress.
D)Dimitri was alarmed when he had a panic attack following the event,and restructured his life to try avoid future attacks.

Question 45

In a study that explored the causes of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam war veterans,researchers found that two things were necessary for a vet to develop chronic PTSD.What were they?

A)having a twin or close sibling and having prior experience with traumatic events
B)having a relatively small hippocampus and experiencing a traumatic event
C)being predisposed to sweaty palms and a shortness of breath
D)having a tendency to be nervous and suffering damage to the hippocampus

Question 46

Phobias,obsessive-compulsive disorder,and posttraumatic stress disorder are all types of __________ disorders.

A)psychosomatic
B)somatoform
C)anxiety
D)dissociative

Question 47

Someone who experiences an exaggerated fear of a specific situation,activity,or thing may be suffering from a

A)phobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)generalized anxiety.
D)personality disorder.

Question 48

A person who is constantly "on edge" and always apprehensive most likely suffers from

A)phobic disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 49

What key factor makes the difference between people who develop panic disorder and those who suffer traumatic events and have a few panic attacks but do not develop the disorder?

A)how the person interprets his or her bodily reaction to the trauma
B)whether the traumatic event involves personal injury to oneself or a close friend
C)if the traumatic event occurs within three months of the individual's birthday or another major holiday
D)if the traumatic event does not involve a bomb or other explosive device.

Question 50

One reasonable explanation for the existence of some of the most common phobias is that

A)fears make people more aggressive and therefore better able to compete.
B)people who have phobias get a lot of attention.
C)they evolved in human beings because these fears are adaptive for the species.
D)psychologists promote common phobias in order to make a living.

Question 51

The chief characteristic of a phobia is

A)continuous,uncontrollable anxiety or worry.
B)short-lived,but intense,feelings of spontaneous anxiety.
C)exaggerated fear of a particular situation,activity,or object.
D)repeated thoughts used to ward off anxious feelings.

Question 52

In many of the people who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder,the _______________ is significantly smaller than in those people who do not develop the disorder following trauma.

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 53

A disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event experiences symptoms such as psychic numbing,reliving the trauma,sense of detachment from others,loss of interest in familiar activities and increased psychological arousal is called

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 54

June often experiences episodes during which her heart rate accelerates by more than 50 beats per minute despite encountering no emergency.June suffers from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)acrophobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 55

Research on anxiety disorders has indicated that

A)in order to experience a generalized anxiety disorder,a person must have lived though a specific anxiety-producing event.
B)stress symptoms are normal in the immediate aftermath of any crisis or trauma.
C)the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years.
D)if psychic numbing and a sense of detachment from others persist for 1 week after a trauma,then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

Question 56

Marvella has recurring periods when she trembles and shakes,and has hot and cold flashes.She is dizzy and her heart palpitates so much that Marvella is sure that she is going crazy.This kind of problem is called

A)panic attack.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 57

Evolutionary theorists would be most likely to agree that the fear of _______________ was likely to have evolved in humans as an adaptive behavior.

A)the color purple
B)snakes and insects
C)the number 13
D)dirt

Question 58

A disorder in which a person experiences recurring attacks of intense fear,often with feelings of impending doom or death,accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness,is called

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 59

Sudden,paralyzing episodes of fear describe which type of anxiety disorder?

A)phobia
B)generalized anxiety
C)panic
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 60

Johnny has recurring periods of intense fear during which he thinks that he is having a heart attack.He trembles and shakes and his heart palpitates.This kind of problem is called

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 61

A disorder that is often set off by a panic attack and in which the basic fear is of being away from a safe place or person is called

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 62

Arlene has an intense,irrational fear of flying in airplanes.She is probably suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)a phobia.
D)a compulsion.

Question 63

An overwhelming desire to set fires is called a(n)

A)obsession.
B)phobia.
C)compulsion.
D)somatoform.

Question 64

Your aunt prefers to stay in her home and avoid public places and social situations.If a clinical psychologist believes she has an anxiety disorder,she is most likely to be diagnosed with

A)agoraphobia.
B)claustrophobia.
C)mysophobia.
D)triskaidekaphobia.

Question 65

What usually precedes the onset of agoraphobia?

A)One has a panic attack for no apparent reason.
B)There is a death in the family.
C)Someone in the immediate family experiences a major life-changing event.
D)One experiences a terrifying episode involving historically fear-inducing stimuli.

Question 66

Kellie is fearful in situations where she must eat in public or write in the presence of others.It is most likely that Kellie has

A)a generalized anxiety disorder.
B)an idiosyncratic phobia.
C)an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)a social phobia.

Question 67

Ramona has lost her interest in gardening,which brought her joy in the past.She's lost her appetite and life seems hopeless.Which disorder would Ramona be most likely to have?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)narcissistic disorder
C)major depression
D)borderline personality disorder

Question 68

Martha vacuums the carpet in her living room 15 times a day.It is very likely that she is suffering from which of the following disorders?

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)conversion
C)PTSD
D)somatoform

Question 69

What would be the most descriptive way to refer to agoraphobia?

A)the fear of places
B)the fear of dangerous things
C)the fear of fear
D)the fear of normal events

Question 70

Ritualistic behavior is associated with which of the following disorders?

A)anxiety
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)somatoform
D)conversion

Question 71

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

A)Agoraphobia-fear of fear,fear of being trapped in public
B)Social phobia-fear of situations in which they will be observed by others
C)Compulsion-recurrent,persistent,unwished-for images and thoughts
D)Generalized anxiety disorder-continuing sense of doom and worry

Question 72

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorders

A)may have brain abnormalities such that their "alarm signal" doesn't turn off.
B)enjoy rituals,such as checking the oven and the locks three times,before sleeping.
C)have recurrent and persistent thoughts or images that are often dreamlike and appealing.
D)feel a deep sense of relief if they can talk themselves into forgoing a ritual.

Question 73

Psychologists regard _______________ as the "fear of fear."

A)a panic attack
B)posttraumatic stress disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 74

A recurring irrational thought that cannot be controlled or banished from one's mind is called a(n)

A)phobia.
B)obsession.
C)hypnagogic image.
D)compulsion.

Question 75

_______________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion,loss of interest in one's usual activities,thoughts of hopelessness,fatigue,and loss of appetite.

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Major depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Borderline personality disorder

Question 76

A chief characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder is

A)anxiety in situations in which the person will be observed by others.
B)symptoms such as psychic numbing,reliving of the trauma,and increased physiological arousal.
C)exaggerated fear of a particular situation,activity,or object.
D)recurrent,persistent,unwished-for thoughts or images.

Question 77

Harry has an intense,irrational fear of being in public places.He is probably suffering from

A)conversion reaction.
B)learned helplessness.
C)paranoia.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 78

Major depression,as defined by the DSM,

A)is always accompanied by a manic state.
B)is more likely to affect women than men.
C)is a type of psychosis.
D)excludes people whose depression is caused by bereavement,and whose feelings of grief eventually subside within a few months.

Question 79

Emily is overly concerned with being contaminated by germs.She washes her hands fifty times per day,wears gloves,and eats with plastic utensils that are covered in plastic wrap to ensure they are not contaminated.Emily has

A)a social phobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 80

Acts that "must be done" are called

A)compulsions.
B)obsessions.
C)motor impulses.
D)preservative impulses.