Deck 8: Dna Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis

Question 1

The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called ________.

A) GenBank
B) the Human Genome Project
C) CODIS
D) APHIS
E) the Innocence Project

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The best way to determine paternity is with ________.

A) an RFLP analysis of the entire genome
B) a PCR of the X chromosome
C) a histochemistry workup
D) Y-chromosome analysis
E) blood cell analysis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene's ________.

A) genome
B) telomere
C) locus
D) allele
E) None of these choices

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ________.

A) to convict the accused
B) for paternity testing
C) to exonerate convicted individuals
D) for the identification of remains
E) to study familial inheritance

Question 5

The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is ________.

A) the nucleus of the sperm
B) the nucleus of the egg
C) the cytoplasm of the sperm
D) the cytoplasm of the egg
E) None of these choices

Question 6

How many unique STR regions does the FBI use in forensic analysis?

A) 1
B) 5
C) 13
D) 50
E) 100+

Question 7

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to separate DNA molecules by size?

A) PCR
B) RFLP
C) Chromatography
D) DNA sequencing
E) Gel electrophoresis

Question 8

The Frye standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity
B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

Question 9

Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting evidence to solve a crime?

A) Francis Crick
B) Alex Jefferies
C) Kary Mullis
D) Colin Pitchfork
E) Barry Sheck

Question 10

________ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem repeats.

A) VNTRs
B) Microsatellites
C) Minisatellites
D) Telomeres
E) Centromeres

Question 11

DNA is present in all of the following human cell types except ________.

A) skin cells
B) erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
C) leukocytes (white blood cells)
D) hair
E) buccal (cheek) cells

Question 12

VNTR analysis involves ________.

A) cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and analyzing the banding pattern of fragments
B) PCR amplification of specific genes
C) analyzing specific loci for 2 base repeating units usually less than 100 bp in size
D) analyzing specific loci for 2 to 4 bp repeating units
E) None of these choices

Question 13

Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA molecules are called ________.

A) primers
B) probes
C) RFLPs
D) STRs
E) LINES

Question 14

One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is ________.

A) reliable technology
B) sample contamination
C) electrophoresis errors
D) RFLP classification
E) the lack of computer technology

Question 15

The Coppolino standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity
B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

Question 16

A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is called a ________.

A) VNTR
B) RFLP
C) STR
D) HPLC
E) PCR

Question 17

Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals are called ________.

A) STRs
B) VNTRs
C) RFLPs
D) microsatellites
E) minisatellites

Question 18

The Daubert standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity
B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

Question 19

Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis?

A) PCR
B) RFLP
C) Genomic DNA
D) cDNA isolation
E) Southern blot

Question 20

Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting?

A) Skin cells
B) Erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
C) Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D) Hair
E) Buccal (cheek) cells

Question 21

What are some important steps that a forensic technician must follow to minimize evidence contamination?

Question 22

Explain why using 13 STR regions helps the FBI to gain assurance that they have the correct information.

Question 23

How has the invention of forensic science helped with crime-solving?