Deck 3: Recombinant Dna Technology and Genomics

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the human genome is INCORRECT?

A) There are approximately 3.1 billion bp in the human genome.
B) Human share a majority of genes with other species.
C) Less than 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins.
D) The human genome contains approximately 100,000 genes.
E) The functions of most human genes are still unknown.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following techniques is most efficient for transforming bacterial cells?

A) Gene gun
B) ES cell transfer
C) Electroporation
D) Pronuclear microinjection
E) Sperm-mediated transfer

Answer 2

C

Question 3

You just cloned a new gene from mice. Which of the following techniques would be the best choice to use if you wanted to determine the number of copies of this gene in the mouse genome?

A) Northern blot analysis
B) RT-PCR
C) Western blot analysis
D) Southern blot analysis
E) In situ hybridization

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following vectors would be the best choice for gene transfer in plant cells?

A) Cosmid
B) Bacterial artificial chromosome
C) Bacteriophage vector
D) Ti vector
E) Plasmid

Question 5

Which of the following techniques involves hybridizing a cDNA sample to a chip containing thousands of single-stranded DNA sequences, allowing one to study the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously?

A) PCR
B) Southern blot
C) FISH
D) Agarose gel electrophoresis
E) DNA microarray

Question 6

When making a complementary DNA (cDNA) library, which enzyme is used to copy mRNA into DNA?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Primase
D) RNA polymerase
E) Reverse transcriptase

Question 7

During library screening, PCR, Southern blotting, and other techniques, binding two pieces of DNA to each other by hydrogen bonding is called ________.

A) autoradiography
B) hybridization
C) DNA ligation
D) reverse transcription
E) polyadenylation

Question 8

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about restriction enzymes?

A) Most restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria.
B) Restriction enzymes usually recognize palindromic sequences.
C) Restriction enzymes create phosphodiester bonds between pieces of DNA in a cloning experiment.
D) Restriction enzymes can cut to create overlapping single-stranded ends of DNA.
E) Restriction enzymes can cut to create blunt-ended pieces of DNA.

Question 9

In a recombinant DNA experiment, which enzyme is used to join together DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides? Recall that this same enzyme joins together Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

A) DNA primase
B) DNA polymerase
C) DNA helicase
D) DNA ligase
E) Reverse transcriptase

Question 10

Approximately how many genes are present in the human genome?

A) 3 billion genes
B) 20 billion genes
C) 100,000 genes
D) 20,000 genes
E) 50,000 genes

Question 11

Approximately how large is the human genome?

A) 20,000 bp
B) 1 billion bp
C) 3 billion bp
D) 13 million bp
E) 30 billion bp

Question 12

A ________ consists of cloned DNA fragments for all expressed genes in a particular tissue

A) genomic DNA library
B) cDNA library
C) PCR library
D) Guggenheim library
E) shotgun library

Question 13

Which of the following techniques is the best choice for amplifying DNA?

A) Southern blot analysis
B) PCR
C) DNA sequencing
D) Affinity chromatography
E) Microarray analysis

Question 14

________ is a DNA-binding dye that fluoresces when DNA in an agarose gel is illuminated with ultraviolet light.

A) Casein
B) Ethidium bromide
C) Malt
D) Lactic acid
E) Ethanol

Question 15

Transformation in a cloning experiment is ________.

A) ligating pieces of foreign DNA together
B) inserting DNA into bacteria cells
C) cutting DNA with restriction enzymes
D) using PCR to clone a gene
E) a technique for determining gene copy number in a genome

Question 16

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to separate and analyze DNA by size?

A) PCR
B) Agarose gel electrophoresis
C) DNA microarray analysis
D) Hybridization
E) DNA libraries

Question 17

Imagine you wanted to use a human genomic DNA library to clone the human gene for insulin. You will be using the rat insulin gene sequence as your DNA probe. In what order would you perform the following steps to accomplish this goal? 1. Use autoradiography to identify colonies containing DNA that hybridized to the probe
2) Grow transformed cells on media with antibiotics and X-gal for blue-white screening
3) Ligate genomic DNA and vector DNA
4) Cut genomic DNA and vector DNA with restriction enzymes
5) Hybridize library DNA with labeled probe for the rat insulin gene
6) Transform bacteria with recombinant plasmid

A) 2, 3, 6, 5, 4, 1
B) 1, 2, 5, 6, 4, 3
C) 4, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1
D) 4, 3, 5, 2, 6, 1
E) 2, 6, 5, 3, 1, 4

Question 18

Based on what you know about which organisms naturally produce restriction enzymes and how restriction enzymes are named, which of the following enzymes is isolated from the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens?

A) EcoRI
B) BamHI
C) SmaI
D) PstI
E) HindIII

Question 19

Dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs) used for DNA sequencing lack oxygen atoms at ________.

A) the 1' carbon of the pentose sugar
B) the 1' and 2' carbons of the pentose sugar
C) the 2' and 3' carbons of the pentose sugar
D) the 3' and 5' carbons of the pentose sugar
E) the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar

Question 20

A ________ is a single-stranded DNA molecule attached to a radioactive or fluorescent compound that is complementary to a specific sequence of DNA. Such pieces of DNA are used to identify and study cloned genes in hybridization experiments.

A) polypeptide
B) promoter
C) vector
D) probe
E) plasmid

Question 21

A linear strand of DNA is 1,000 bp long. A recognition sequence for the restriction enzyme Eco R1 is located 300 base pairs (bp) from the 5' end of this linear DNA molecule. Digesting this DNA molecule with Eco RI would produce ________.

A) one DNA fragment, 1,000 bp long
B) three DNA fragments, two of them 300 bp long and one 400 bp long
C) two DNA fragments, one 300 bp long and one 700 bp long
D) two fragments, each 500 bp long
E) none of the above

Question 22

During molecular cloning, a gene of interest (insulin) is inserted into a bacterial structure called a ________ and enters a bacterial cell through a process called ________.

A) chromosome; electrophoresis
B) nucleus; transformation
C) plasmid; transcription
D) plasmid; transformation
E) genome; transformation

Question 23

Explain the use of an antibiotic (e.g., ampicillin) resistance gene on a vector.

Question 24

A bacteriophage is ________.

A) a small cloning vector used in humans
B) a large cloning vector used in humans
C) a type of bacterial protein
D) a virus that specifically infects bother viruses
E) a virus that specifically infects bacteria

Question 25

Describe three reagents used and the three steps in the process of polymerase chain reaction.

Question 26

Explain the meaning and utility of RNA interference.

Question 27

Explain the dideoxy sequencing method.

Question 28

Describe two advantages for cloning a gene from a cDNA library versus a genomic DNA library.

Question 29

A recombinant DNA molecule is produced artificially and contains sequences ________.

A) from bacteria only
B) from yeast only
C) from unrelated organisms
D) from cells that have been chemically modified
E) from prokaryotic genes

Question 30

Which of the following might lead to the generation of several incorrect PCR products?

A) An annealing temperature that is too low
B) An annealing temperature that is too high
C) Performing 30 cycles of PCR
D) Using the correct primers
E) Including an extension step