Deck 16: The Body, Medicine, Health, and Health Care

Question 1

Undernutrition is a form of malnutrition that mainly affects people in the most developed countries.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following is a factor in the deprofessionalization of physicians?

A) Physicians had acquired too much power a half century ago for them to be able to sustain it at that level for very long
B) The public didn't question the medical profession
C) The revelations of medical malpractice, which showed that doctors didn't always adhere to their own code of ethics
D) The government has come to exert more power over the medical profession

Answer 2

A, C, D

Question 3

Blacks tend to underutilize the health care system and be healthier than whites.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The lower one's social class, the poorer one's health is likely to be.

Question 5

Michael Foucault's best-known book is The Sociological Body.

Question 6

German sociologist Ulrich Beck argues that we live in a body-oriented society.

Question 7

Smoking presents a clear example of inequalities by social class in the health care system in the United States.

Question 8

Increasing interpersonal relations among and between various regions throughout the world means that positive developments in one part of the world are likely to find their way to most other parts of the world, and quite rapidly.

Question 9

The line between the body and the mind is not clear.

Question 10

Medical sociology addresses a wide variety of specific issues such as racial-ethnic differences in health care.

Question 11

Looks-related stress and depression can be found among men and women and in countries around the world; however, young women are particularly susceptible. The countries with the highest looks-related depression are:

A) Sweden
B) the United States
C) New Zealand
D) Brazil

Question 12

The population that is most vulnerable to the spread of HIV/AIDS is the least likely to have access to high-quality health care and expensive drugs that can slow the progress of the disease.

Question 13

Early childhood differences in health by social class tend to have long-lasting effects over the life span.

Question 14

What have been effects of increasing health care information on the Internet?

A) People see doctors more often
B) Patients are more informed about their health
C) Patients can comparison shop for medical care on the Internet
D) People can make health decisions based on inaccurate information

Question 15

In a study conducted by Dukes and Stein, girls who had piercings were less school-oriented compared with girls with tattoos.

Question 16

Body modifications such as tattoos have become less widespread and common in recent years.

Question 17

According to your text, sociologists see health and the body as a major concern for sociology because:

A) health care is at the top of the the social agenda
B) health is on the personal agenda of almost all people
C) health issues vary by social categories such as race and gender
D) health care overlaps with many other social issues

Question 18

Africa is the area of the world that has been devastated the most from the effects of AIDS.

Question 19

A problem associated with using the Internet for health-related consumption is the possibility of getting counterfeit and perhaps ineffective medications.

Question 20

Medicalization is the process of labeling and defining aspects of life as medical problems that were not previously so labeled and defined.

Question 21

____________ often leads to dissatisfaction with the body, especially as a result of influence from peers and media.

A) Reflexivity
B) Hypersexuality
C) Consumptive beauty
D) Adolescence

Question 22

There is a greater likelihood that people who live in the lower social classes:

A) have poorer health
B) live in adequate housing
C) live in the suburbs and feel a sense of security
D) are unlikely to take illegal drugs

Question 23

Nurses are said to engage in ____________________.

A) physical work
B) occupational work
C) emotion work
D) primary work

Question 24

A trend among many doctors is that they are leaving traditional private practice for what are called ____________________ practices.

A) concierge
B) caretaker
C) group
D) patient

Question 25

The German sociologist Ulrich Beck argues that we live in a risk society, meaning:

A) people are afraid to take risks
B) people who are poor tend to take more risks
C) many people take risks that endanger their heath, their bodies, and their lives
D) people from larger cities tend to take more risks than those from rural areas

Question 26

According to a study by Dukes and Stein, girls with piercings:

A) were more school-oriented than girls with tattoos
B) were the most popular group of girls in their school
C) reported less deviant behavior than girls who were not pierced
D) reported more deviant behavior than girls who were pierced

Question 27

Michael Foucault's book The Birth of the Clinic discusses:

A) The treatment of criminals and their bodies
B) The fact that doctors shifted their focus from lists of diseases to human beings
C) The importance of sexuality and the role of the body in obtaining sexual pleasure
D) The development of gender-differentiated medical research

Question 28

One's health is likely to be poorer if one is:

A) lower in social class
B) born before 1970
C) from any social class but engage in bad health habits
D) male

Question 29

The line between the body and the mind is:

A) very clear
B) obvious to researchers
C) not clear
D) individual

Question 30

Some argue that the importance of beauty in our culture has its roots in:

A) evolution
B) heterosexuality
C) religious idealism
D) stereotyping

Question 31

Michael Foucault's best-known book is:

A) The Mind and Body Connection
B) Discipline and Punish
C) The History of the Body
D) The Alteration of the Mind

Question 32

Joe is a wrestler who stops eating to try and meet his goal weight for his upcoming match. Soon he develops a condition known as ____________________.

A) anorexia
B) hyperanorexia
C) hypoanorexia
D) manorexia

Question 33

Blacks have a life expectancy that is ____________ years less than that of whites.

A) 3.5
B) 2.6
C) 6.3
D) 4.8

Question 34

The industry with the highest rate of fatal work injuries as an overall number is:

A) manufacturing
B) construction
C) transportation
D) mining, oil and gas extraction

Question 35

The process of deprofessionalization refers to the fact that the power of __________________ has declined in recent years, whereas the power of _________________ has increased.

A) doctors; nurses
B) doctors; patients
C) surgeons; nurses
D) nurses; surgeons

Question 36

The premise of Naomi Wolf's book ________________________ states that the media exerts a great deal of influence in terms of physical appearance and sets unattainable standards of beauty.

A) Skin Deep Beauty
B) The Outside and the Inside of the Body
C) The Beauty Myth
D) The Myth of the Body

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT addressed within the field of medical sociology?

A) The relationship between stress and health
B) The genetic differences between women and men
C) The inequalities by social class
D) The increasing use of advanced medical technology

Question 38

Exercise-related injuries in sports have been _____________ in recent years.

A) stagnant
B) decreasing
C) increasing
D) impossible to document

Question 39

Today, body modifications, especially tattoos, are:

A) associated mainly with outlaw motorcycle gang members
B) widespread and common
C) decreasing among those who are in the military
D) decreasing on a large scale

Question 40

An example of a risky behavior is:

A) cigarette smoking
B) square dancing
C) avoiding alcohol
D) having protected sex

Question 41

Which of these is the best example of increasing consumerism in contemporary medicine?

A) The decision to market pharmaceutical drugs directly to consumers
B) The use of the Internet to self-diagnose
C) The willingness to travel to other countries to obtain drugs or operations that are illegal in the United States
D) The increased use of complementary and alternative medicine around the world

Question 42

Why is there little knowledge in regard to women and coronary heart disease?

A) Doctors often refuse to treat women who have this disease
B) Women are not included in clinical trials
C) This subject is not covered in medical schools
D) Women are less likely to visit a doctor if they feel unwell

Question 43

What proportion of all of the world HIV population lives in sub-Saharan Africa?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a factor in regard to the increasing global mobility of borderless diseases?

A) There is a growing human migration and the ease with which people can cross borders
B) The expansion of massive urban areas in which people can easily infect one another
C) The decrease in human involvement with regard to natural habitats previously untouched by human beings
D) There is an increase in global travel

Question 45

Discuss the role the media has played in regard to women and beauty. Give two specific examples from your own life experiences.

Question 46

The tendency to label as an illness a phenomenon or syndrome that was not previously considered an illness is referred to as _____________________.

A) manifestation
B) materialization
C) medicalization
D) manifestization

Question 47

The area of the world that has been most devastated by Ebola is ________________________.

A) southeast Asia
B) southern Africa
C) China
D) western Africa

Question 48

War has all of the following effects on the health and well-being of people, except:

A) Four times as much money is spent on the military than is spent on health and education
B) Ninety percent of casualties are civilians
C) Agricultural lands and crops are overrun and the functioning of the economy is adversely affected
D) Food security increases

Question 49

Studies show the ratio of men to women who have coronary artery disease is:

A) widening
B) staying the same
C) narrowing
D) not a concern to doctors

Question 50

Nuru-Jeter and her colleagues found that the stress associated with racism throughout the life course:

A) leads to drug usage
B) leads to broken marriages
C) adversely affects the mortality rate of black women and infants
D) leads to increased hostility among minority groups

Question 51

_________________ has its greatest impact on the less well-off and most vulnerable populations in the developing world.

A) Malaria
B) Cholera
C) Mononucleosis
D) Tuberculosis

Question 52

________________ tend to be the most vulnerable populations globally due to their lower social positions and poor access to health care.

A) Women and children
B) Middle-aged men and children
C) Elderly men and children
D) Elderly women and children

Question 53

Discuss one work of Foucault that discusses the body as its central issue. What was the relevance of Foucault for the sociology of the body?

Question 54

A negative aspect of globalization in regard to health is the flow of ______________ diseases.

A) predictable
B) borderless
C) contractible
D) transmissible

Question 55

According to one projection, _______________ people will die in the twenty-first century from smoking-related diseases.

A) 1 million
B) 1 trillion
C) one hundred thousand
D) 1 billion

Question 56

Research funded by the National Institutes of Health must now include proportionate numbers of ________________unless researchers receive a special dispensation to bypass this requirement.

A) women
B) children
C) racial minorities
D) disabled individuals

Question 57

The greatest problem in the less-developed world is _____________________.

A) undernutrition
B) overnutrition
C) diminishing population
D) unsanitary conditions

Question 58

A problem in the Global South in terms of health information is:

A) The flow of information to professionals is more limited
B) There are no computers to access the information
C) Doctors don't understand the information
D) None of the above

Question 59

Countries in the _____________________ suffer disproportionately from hunger and malnutrition.

A) Global West
B) Global North
C) Global East
D) Global South

Question 60

Blacks are more likely to visit ______________hospitals due to a lack of health insurance.

A) private
B) public
C) nonpublic
D) universal

Question 61

Define the term deprofessionalization and discuss two ways this phenomenon has occurred in recent years.

Question 62

Discuss two problems found within the U.S. health care system and discuss how the U.S. health care system compares to countries around the world.

Question 63

Where is the AIDS epidemic most problematic? How is HIV/AIDS linked to globalization?

Question 64

Define the concept of a risk society and discuss two ways that people can take risk that have the potential to jeopardize their health.

Question 65

Discuss three ways that the Internet has played a role in consumerism as it relates to health care.

Question 66

How many people worldwide are affected by malnutrition? Aside from the direct effects of undernutrition-being underweight, hungry or starving-what is one problem associated with undernutrition?

Question 67

Discuss three points explaining the relationship between social class, race, and health in the United States.