Deck 5: Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Question 1

Which law relates the pressure and temperature of a gas under conditions of constant volume?

A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If the change from A to B as represented by the models given below occurred, A B which of the following is correct?

A) The velocity of the particles increases.
B) The strength of the intermolecular forces increases.
C) The kinetic energy of the particles decreases.
D) both b and c

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Consider a substance as represented by the following models. The temperature of the substance is decreased to a very low value. ​ A B C
​
Which of the following models would best represent this substance at the lowered temperature?

A) A
B) B
C) C

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Consider a substance as represented by the following models. A B C When sugar is heated it forms a mass called caramel. Based on this information sugar does not normally exist as shown in which model?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) either A or C

Question 5

Which of the following instruments is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

A) an altimeter
B) a barometer
C) a manometer
D) an odometer

Question 6

Which of the following is true of the types attractive forces present in the three states of matter?

A) They are different in each of the three states.
B) They are the same in each of the three states.
C) They are the same in gases and liquids, but different in solids.
D) They are the same in liquids and solids, but different in gases.

Question 7

Which of the following exerts the greatest pressure?

A) a 20 gram object on a surface of 0.50 cm²
B) a 40 gram object on a surface of 2.0 cm²
C) a 60 gram object on a surface of 3.0 cm²
D) None, they all exert the same pressure.

Question 8

Which of the following increases as temperature increases?

A) kinetic energy
B) nuclear forces
C) potential energy
D) none of these

Question 9

Which law relates the volume and temperature of a gas under conditions of constant pressure?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 10

Which of the following is a unit of pressure?

A) mm of Hg
B) pascals
C) torr
D) They are all units of pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following is most important in determining if a material will be a solid, a liquid or a gas?

A) covalent bonds
B) intermolecular forces
C) intramolecular forces
D) nuclear forces

Question 12

Which of the following exerts the greatest pressure?

A) a 40 gram object on a surface of 2.0 cm²
B) a 60 gram object on a surface of 3.0 cm²
C) a 80 gram object on a surface of 4.0 cm²
D) None, they all exert the same pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Boyle's Law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 14

In which state of matter are the attractive forces between molecules the weakest?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gaseous
D) None, the attractive forces are the same in all of them.

Question 15

Which gas law is most directly related to the process of inhaling and exhaling?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 16

Which of the following instruments is used to measure the pressure of a gas sample?

A) an altimeter
B) a barometer
C) a manometer
D) an odometer

Question 17

Which law relates the volume and pressure of a gas under conditions of constant temperature?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 18

Air pressure can be expressed in which of the following units?

A) atmospheres
B) millimeters of Hg
C) torr
D) any of these

Question 19

Consider the following diagram. The liquid in the apparatus is mercury. If the pressure of the gas sample on arm B is 1.0 atm, what will be the difference in the heights of the mercury column in arms A and B? This difference is represented in the diagram by the variable h?

A) 1.0 mm Hg
B) 760 mm Hg
C) 760 atm
D) It will be equal to the current atmospheric pressure.

Question 20

Which physical state of matter could be represented by the following model?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas

Question 21

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of the combined gas law?

A) P₁V₂T₁ = P₂V₁T₂
B) P₁V₂T₂ = P₂V₁T₁
C) P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁
D) P₁V₁T₁ = P₂V₂T₂

Question 22

At constant pressure the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is decreased from 400. K to 300. K. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.188 L
B) 0.333 L
C) 3.00 L
D) 5.33 L

Question 23

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Boyle's Law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 24

At constant temperature the pressure on a 10.0 L sample of gas is changed from 1140 torr to 1.00 atm. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.00877 L
B) 6.67 L
C) 15.0 L
D) 114 L

Question 25

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Gay-Lussac's Law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 26

Suppose a balloon is filled so that its volume is 2.00 L when the pressure is 750 torr and the temperature is 24°C. What volume will it occupy if it rises to an elevation where the pressure is 375 torr and the temperature is 12°C?

A) 0.261 L
B) 0.500 L
C) 2.00 L
D) 3.84 L

Question 27

At constant temperature the pressure on a 6.0 L sample of a gas is reduced from 2.0 atm to 1.0 atm. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.083 L
B) 0.33 L
C) 3.0 L
D) 12 L

Question 28

At constant pressure the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is increased from 300. K to 400. K. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.188 L
B) 0.300 L
C) 3.33 L
D) 5.33 L

Question 29

Which of the following will occur if the temperature of a gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C at constant pressure?

A) The volume will double.
B) The volume will be halved.
C) The volume will decrease slightly.
D) The volume will increase slightly.

Question 30

What temperature scale should be used if we wish to express Charles's Law as a simple direct proportionality?

A) Fahrenheit
B) Celsius
C) Kelvin
D) It makes no difference.

Question 31

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Gay-Lussac's Law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) P₁T₂ = P₂T₁
D) P₁T₁ = P₂T₂

Question 32

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Charles's Law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) V₁/T₂ = V₂/T₁
D) V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Question 33

Suppose a balloon is filled so that its volume is 2.00 L when the pressure is 1.10 atm and the temperature is 300 K. What volume will it occupy if it rises to an elevation where the pressure is 418 mm Hg and the temperature is 200 K?

A) 3.30 L
B) 2.67 L
C) 0.375 L
D) 0.303 L

Question 34

The combined gas law combines which gas laws?

A) Boyle's and Charles's
B) Charles's and Gay-Lussac's
C) Boyle's and Gay-Lussac's
D) Boyle's, Charles's and Gay-Lussac's

Question 35

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of the combined gas law?

A) P₁V₂/T₁ = P₂V₁/T₂
B) P₁V₂/T₂ = P₂V₁/T₁
C) P₁V₁/T₂ = P₂V₂/T₁
D) P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Question 36

At constant pressure the temperature of a 4.0 L sample of gas is decreased from 50. °C to 25 °C. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 2.00 L
B) 3.69 L
C) 4.34 L
D) 8.00 L

Question 37

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of Charles's Law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) V₁T₂ = V₂T₁
D) V₁T₁ = V₂T₂

Question 38

At constant pressure the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is increased from 25 °C to 50.°C. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 2.00 L
B) 3.69 L
C) 4.34 L
D) 8.00 L

Question 39

At constant temperature the pressure on a 6.0 L sample of gas is increased from 1.0 atm to 2.0 atm. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.33 L
B) 0.67 K
C) 1.5 L
D) 3.0 L

Question 40

At constant temperature the pressure on a 10.0 L sample of gas is changed from 1.00 atm to 1140 torr. What is the new volume of the gas sample?

A) 0.00877 L
B) 6.67 L
C) 15.0 L
D) 114 L

Question 41

What is the volume occupied by an 8.00 gram sample of molecular oxygen at STP?

A) 5.60 L
B) 11.2 L
C) 22.4 L
D) 44.8 L

Question 42

A certain quantity of neon gas is under 1.05 atm pressure at 303 K in a 10.0 L vessel. How many moles of neon are present?

A) 0.222 mol
B) 0.402 mol
C) 0.422 mol
D) 2.37 mol

Question 43

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of the ideal gas law?

A) PV = n/RT
B) PV = nRT
C) V = nP/RT
D) PV = RT/n

Question 44

Standard temperature and pressure are which of the following?

A) 0 °C and 1 atm
B) 32 °F and 1 atm
C) 273 K and 1 atm
D) all of these

Question 45

A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L at STP. Which of the following statements apply to the sample?

A) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ carbon atoms.
B) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 46

Which of the following could be a correct set of units for the ideal gas law constant, R?

A) L/mol
B) L·atm/mol
C) L·atm/mol·K
D) L·atm·mol·K

Question 47

Which of the following is called standard temperature and pressure?

A) 0°C and 1 atm
B) 0°F and 1 atm
C) 0 K and 1 atm
D) none of these

Question 48

If a 7.00 gram sample of molecular nitrogen at 10. °C occupies 2.50 L, what is the pressure of the sample?

A) 1.28 atm
B) 2.32 atm
C) 2.56 atm
D) 4.65 atm

Question 49

If an 8.00 gram sample of molecular oxygen at 1.00 atm pressure occupies 3.00 L, what is the temperature of the sample?

A) 146°C
B) 146 K
C) 73°C
D) 73 K

Question 50

Which law relates the volume and number of molecules of a gas under conditions of constant temperature and pressure?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 51

A student has equal-volume samples of three gases. All the gases are at the same temperature and pressure. If the three gases are O₂, CO₂, NH₃, which sample contains the largest number of atoms?

A) O₂
B) CO₂
C) NH₃
D) None, they all contain the same number of atoms.

Question 52

A student obtained experimental data and plotted it graphically, but forgot to label the axes of the graph. How should the axes of the graph shown here be labeled?

A) the x-axis is the T and the y-axis is V
B) the x-axis is the T and the y-axis is P
C) the x-axis is the P and the y-axis is V
D) the x-axis is the P and the y-axis is T

Question 53

If 2.00 moles of NO gas occupies 10.0 L at 295 K, what is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres?

A) 0.206 atm
B) 2.42 atm
C) 4.84 atm
D) 9.33 atm

Question 54

Which of the following will occur if the temperature of a gas is decreased from 60 K to 30 K at constant pressure?

A) The volume will double.
B) The volume will be halved.
C) The volume will decrease slightly.
D) The volume will increase slightly.

Question 55

A student has equal-volume samples of three gases. All the gases are at the same temperature and pressure. If the three gases are O₂, CO₂, NH₃, which sample contains the largest number of molecules?

A) O₂
B) CO₂
C) NH₃
D) None, they all contain the same number of molecules.

Question 56

A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L at STP. Which of the following statements apply to the sample?

A) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms.
B) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of oxygen.
C) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 57

Which of the following will occur if the temperature of a gas is increased from 20 K to 40 K at constant pressure?

A) The volume will double.
B) The volume will be halved.
C) The volume will decrease slightly.
D) The volume will increase slightly.

Question 58

A gas is expanded from an initial volume of 20.5 L at 0.92 atm at 23 °C to a final volume of 34.6 L. During the expansion the gas cools to 12 °C. What is the final pressure?

A) 0.28 atm
B) 0.52 atm
C) 0.57 atm
D) 1.9 atm

Question 59

Which of the following is a mathematical statement of the ideal gas law?

A) PVRT = n
B) PV/RT = n
C) VRT/P = n
D) n = RT/PV

Question 60

Which of the following will occur if the temperature of a gas is decreased from 60°C to 30°C at constant pressure?

A) The volume will double.
B) The volume will be halved.
C) The volume will decrease slightly.
D) The volume will increase slightly.

Question 61

A closed flask contains a 0.25 moles of O₂ which exerts a pressure of 0.50 atm. If 0.75 moles of CO₂ is added to the container what is the total pressure in the flask?

A) 0.50 atm
B) 1.0 atm
C) 1.5 atm
D) 2.0 atm

Question 62

According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following is not true?

A) The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the Celsius temperature.
B) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
C) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
D) None, all of the above are true.

Question 63

For small molecules, which of the following usually is the weakest intermolecular interaction?

A) covalent bonding
B) dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) hydrogen bonding

Question 64

According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following is not true?

A) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
B) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
C) When gas molecules collide they stick together.
D) None, all of the above are true.

Question 65

Which of the following is not an example of an intermolecular attraction?

A) covalent bonding
B) dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) hydrogen bonding

Question 66

An unknown amount of He gas occupies 30.5 L at 2.00 atm pressure and 300. K. What is the weight of the gas in the container?

A) 2.48 g
B) 4.95 g
C) 9.91 g
D) 19.8 g

Question 67

According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following is not true?

A) The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
B) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
C) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
D) None, all of the above are true.

Question 68

According to the kinetic molecular theory, which of the following is not true?

A) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
B) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
C) When gas molecules collide energy is lost.
D) None, all of the above are true.

Question 69

Which of the following is necessary for a molecule engage in hydrogen bonding?

A) A hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a nitrogen atom.
B) A hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 70

Which law applies only to mixtures of gases?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 71

Dry air is 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen and 0.93% argon with the 0.04% being other gases. If the atmospheric pressure is 760.0 torr, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in dry air?

A) 20.95 torr
B) 159.2 torr
C) 600.8 torr
D) 760.0 torr

Question 72

Which of the following is true of London dispersion forces?

A) They decrease as the number of electrons in a molecule increases.
B) They are only present in some molecules.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 73

Dry air is 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen and 0.93% argon with the 0.04% being other gases. If the atmospheric pressure is 760.0 torr, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen in dry air?

A) 78.08 torr
B) 166.6 torr
C) 593.4 torr
D) 760.0 torr

Question 74

Which of the following is true of London dispersion forces?

A) They increase as the number of electrons in a molecule increases.
B) They are only present in some molecules.
C) Both a and b are correct.
D) Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 75

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular interaction?

A) covalent bonding
B) dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) hydrogen bonding

Question 76

Which of the following might correspond to the O₂ pressure in a hyperbaric chamber?

A) 160 torr
B) 760 torr
C) 1600 torr
D) none of these

Question 77

A vessel under 2.015 atm pressure contains nitrogen, N₂, and water vapor, H₂O. The partial pressure of N₂ is 1.908 atm. What is the partial pressure of the water vapor?

A) 0.107 atm
B) 1.908 atm
C) 2.015 atm
D) 3.923 atm

Question 78

Which type of intermolecular attraction exists for all molecules?

A) covalent bonding
B) dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) hydrogen bonding

Question 79

Which of the following have an effect on the strength of London dispersion forces?

A) the number of electrons
B) size
C) shape
D) all of them

Question 80

A closed flask contains a 0.25 moles of O₂ which exerts a pressure of 0.50 atm. If 0.75 moles of CO₂ is added to the container what is the pressure of oxygen?

A) 0.50 atm
B) 1.0 atm
C) 1.5 atm
D) 2.0 atm