Deck 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Question 1

Procedural justice involves the degree to which policies and rules are fairly applied to all individuals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Values are broad beliefs about what is appropriate behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Questions such as "Is it legal?," "Is it right?," "Whom does it affect?," "Who benefits?," and "Who gets hurt?" are referred to as spotlight questions.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A drawback of the utilitarian view is that it relies on the assessment of future outcomes that are often difficult to predict and that are tough to measure accurately.

Question 5

Ethical imperialism is an attempt to impose one's ethical standards on other cultures.

Question 6

Distributive justice is the degree to which others are treated with dignity and respect.

Question 7

Cultural relativism suggests ethical standards apply universally across all cultures.

Question 8

An ethical dilemma is a situation that offers potential benefit or gain and that may also be considered unethical.

Question 9

The ethics culture in an organization sets high standards and may even push people to behave more ethically than they otherwise would.

Question 10

Ethical behavior under a moral rights view is based on the belief that ethical decisions treat people impartially and fairly,according to legal rules and standards.

Question 11

In Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development,the individual is strongly principle-centered.

Question 12

Commutative justice involves the degree to which outcomes are allocated fairly among people and without respect to individual characteristics based on ethnicity,race,gender,age,or other particularistic criteria.

Question 13

Asking spotlight questions is a powerful way to test whether a decision is consistent with an individual's personal ethical standards.

Question 14

The utilitarian view considers ethical behavior to be that which delivers the greatest good to the greatest number of people.

Question 15

In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development,moral thinking is largely limited to issues of punishment,obedience,and personal interest.

Question 16

Cultural relativism is a form of ethical imperialism.

Question 17

An American international business executive guided by rules of moral absolutism would argue that the use of slavery is acceptable in another country as long as it is consistent with local laws.

Question 18

Among the terminal values held important by managers are honesty,ambition,imagination,and self-discipline.

Question 19

A common statement by a rationalizer is "It's in everyone's best interests." This response involves the mistaken belief that because someone can be found to benefit from the behavior,the behavior is also in the individual's or the organization's best interests.

Question 20

Terminal values are preferences regarding the means to desired ends.

Question 21

Corporate social responsibility means taking personal responsibility to always respect and protect the interests of society at large.

Question 22

The three Ps of organizational performance are patience,politeness,and planning.

Question 23

Competitors,labor unions,public-interest groups,and legal institutions are all shareholders of an organization.

Question 24

Corporate governance is making sure day-to-day performance is achieved ethically and in socially responsible ways.

Question 25

According to the classical view of CSR,the principal obligation of management should be to owners and shareholders.

Question 26

The ________ view of ethical understanding and reasoning abilities considers ethical behavior to be that which delivers the greatest good to the greatest number of people.

A)individualism
B)religious
C)justice
D)utilitarian
E)moral rights

Question 27

Strong work group identities that encourage loyalty and self-censorship are barriers to whistle blowing.

Question 28

Ethics is defined as the _____ code of principles that sets standards of good or bad,or right or wrong,in one's conduct.

A)social
B)legal
C)moral
D)cultural
E)religious

Question 29

Which of the following is a terminal value?

A)Honesty
B)Ambition
C)Imagination
D)Self-discipline
E)Happiness

Question 30

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

A)Honesty
B)Self-respect
C)Freedom
D)Family security
E)Happiness

Question 31

The triple bottom line evaluates organizational performance on economic,social,and environmental criteria.

Question 32

The individualism view of ethical behavior is based on the belief that one's primary commitment is to the long-term advancement of self-interests.Lying and cheating for immediate gain are not tolerated by this ethical view point because lying and cheating:

A)are inherently harmful to a person's psyche.
B)serve no one's interest in the long run.
C)are against the law.
D)are contrary to all religious beliefs.
E)cause an unfair distribution of resources.

Question 33

In business practice,the ________ view of ethical understanding and reasoning abilities may result in greed and a tendency to "push the law to its outer limits."

A)individualism
B)religious
C)justice
D)utilitarian
E)moral rights

Question 34

According to the individualism view of ethical behavior,society will be best off if:

A)individuals make decisions based on the greater common good.
B)everyone works toward the betterment of society.
C)everybody lives by the letter of the law.
D)everyone acts in a way that maximizes his or her own happiness.
E)everyone follows a universal moral code of behavior.

Question 35

According to Archie Carroll,most managers remain mostly uninformed or undisciplined in considering the ethical aspects of our behavior.

Question 36

Susan Miles,the CEO of Alpha Computing Inc.,shut down offshore operations of Alpha Computing Inc.during a period of economic recession.This resulted in over 20% cut in the workforce but was instrumental in keeping the company profitable and in saving the jobs of remaining workers.Which ethical viewpoint would Susan most likely use to justify her decision?

A)Individualism
B)Religious
C)Justice
D)Utilitarian
E)Moral rights

Question 37

Demand legitimacy indicates the extent to which a stakeholder's concerns need immediate attention.

Question 38

In the ________ view,ethical behavior treats people impartially and fairly.

A)individualism
B)justice
C)moral rights
D)utilitarian
E)humanitarian

Question 39

In the ________ view,ethical behavior respects and protects fundamental rights.

A)individualism
B)justice
C)moral rights
D)utilitarian
E)humanitarian rights

Question 40

An amoral manager chooses to behave unethically.

Question 41

Managers with strong ________,ones that provide personal rules or strategies for value-based decision making,will act more consistently and confidently than those without.

A)religious affiliations
B)ethical frameworks
C)ethnocentric backgrounds
D)social-centered behavior
E)self-centered behavior

Question 42

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 makes it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced to jail for ________.

A)sexual harassment
B)nepotism
C)financial misconduct
D)biodata fraud
E)misuse of organizational facilities

Question 43

When faced with an ethical dilemma,spotlight questions are used to test possible decisions for:

A)the risk of public disclosure.
B)potential harm to self.
C)the risk to job security.
D)potential harm to others.
E)possible legal implications.

Question 44

When rationalizers proceed with a questionable action because of a mistaken belief that "the organization will stand behind me," they believe that:

A)a questionable behavior is acceptable,especially in ambiguous situations.
B)because someone can be found to benefit from the behavior,it is also in the individual's or the organization's best interests.
C)a questionable behavior is really "safe" and will never be found out or made public.
D)the organization's on behalf of whom the individual acts questionably)best interests stand above all others.
E)as long as people have acted in good faith their behavior is ethical.

Question 45

When rationalizers tell themselves that "no one will ever know about it," they believe that:

A)a questionable behavior is acceptable,especially in ambiguous situations.
B)because someone can be found to benefit from the behavior,it is also in the individual's or the organization's best interests.
C)a questionable behavior is really "safe" and will never be found out or made public.
D)the organization's on behalf of whom the individual acts questionably)best interests stand above all others.
E)as long as people have acted in good faith their behavior is ethical.

Question 46

After doing something that might be considered unethical,a rationalizer says: "It's not really illegal." This expresses a mistaken belief that:

A)one's behavior is acceptable,especially in ambiguous situations.
B)because someone can be found to benefit from the behavior,it is also in the individual's or the organization's best interests.
C)a questionable behavior is really "safe" and will never be found out or made public.
D)the organization's on behalf of whom the individual acts questionably)best interests stand above all others.
E)as long as people have acted in good faith,their behavior is ethical.

Question 47

At the postconventional level of moral development,the individual is strongly ________.

A)social-centered
B)peer-pressure oriented
C)self-centered
D)principle-centered
E)punishment-driven

Question 48

In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development,decisions:

A)are made according to internal principles.
B)are likely to be based on following social norms.
C)made follow rules to help society run smoothly.
D)are likely to be directed toward achieving personal gain.
E)are consistent with universal principles.

Question 49

________ is an attempt to impose one's ethical standards on other cultures.

A)Polycentrism
B)Moral relativism
C)Ethical imperialism
D)Cultural relativism
E)Moral absolutism

Question 50

Which of the following is a drawback of the moral rights view of ethical behavior?

A)It relies on the assessment of future outcomes that are often difficult to predict and are tough to measure accurately.
B)It presumes that individuals are self-regulating; however,not everyone has the same capacity or desire to control their behaviors.
C)It is possible for a few individuals to take advantage of the freedom allowed by this perspective and disrupt the degree of trust that exists within a business community.
D)It does not ensure that the outcomes associated with protecting individual rights are beneficial to the majority of society.
E)It places an emphasis on fairness and equity,both of which cannot be ensured simultaneously.

Question 51

Swift Auto,a franchisee outlet for Electro,an electric car company,sells John Hanks an older model car.Swift Auto sells the older model without informing John of the newer,better models released by Electro in the same price band.According to which justice dimension would Swift Auto's conduct be considered unethical?

A)Procedural
B)Economic
C)Distributive
D)Commutative
E)Interactional

Question 52

Interactional justice involves the:

A)degree to which policies and rules are fairly applied to all individuals.
B)degree to which outcomes are allocated fairly among people and without respect to individual characteristics.
C)degree to which people treat one another with dignity and respect.
D)fairness of exchanges or transactions.
E)honesty and integrity of business dealings.

Question 53

Which of the following addresses biased hiring practices,favoring a particular community?

A)Procedural justice
B)Fundamental justice
C)Distributive justice
D)Commutative justice
E)Interactional justice

Question 54

George works for Spin,a billboard advertising agency,which hires billboards from owners on behalf of clients.George routinely accepts pay-offs from billboard owners in exchange for referring their billboards to clients.This behavior could result in his dismissal from Spin,if found out.Which statement is George most probably utilizing to rationalize his actions?

A)"It's not really illegal."
B)"It's in everyone's best interests."
C)"No one will ever know about it."
D)"The organization will stand behind me."
E)"I cannot be held responsible."

Question 55

Which of the following is a spotlight question when dealing with ethical dilemmas?

A)What sort of trouble will I get into because of my decision?
B)Are there any legal consequences to my decision?
C)Who will be affected by my decision?
D)How will I feel if my family finds out about my decision?
E)How will my career be affected by my decision?

Question 56

________ justice involves the degree to which policies and rules are fairly applied to all individuals.

A)Procedural
B)Economic
C)Distributive
D)Commutative
E)Interactional

Question 57

Which of the following is a drawback of the utilitarian view of ethical behavior?

A)It relies on the assessment of future outcomes that are often difficult to predict and are tough to measure accurately.
B)It presumes that individuals are self-regulating; however,not everyone has the same capacity or desire to control their behaviors.
C)It is possible for a few individuals to take advantage of the freedom allowed by this perspective and disrupt the degree of trust that exists within a business community.
D)It does not ensure that the outcomes associated with protecting individual rights are beneficial to the majority of society.
E)It places an emphasis on fairness and equity,both of which cannot be ensured simultaneously.

Question 58

According to Thomas Donaldson,the core values or "hyper-norms" that should transcend cultural boundaries focus on human dignity,basic rights,and ________.

A)cultural tolerance
B)social responsibility
C)acceptance
D)good citizenship
E)stewardship

Question 59

According to Archie Carroll,an)________ manager is defined as a manager who chooses to behave unethically.

A)amoral
B)apathetic
C)immoral
D)individualist
E)ethnocentric

Question 60

A Japanese expatriate argues that the practice of giving corporate gifts is acceptable in another country as long as it is consistent with local laws and customs.In this scenario,the Japanese expatriate is guided by ________.

A)ethnocentrism
B)moral relativism
C)ethical imperialism
D)cultural relativism
E)moral absolutism

Question 61

Stewardship in management means taking personal responsibility to always respect and protect the interests of ________ at large.

A)society
B)shareholders
C)management
D)the environment
E)the organization

Question 62

Demand legitimacy:

A)indicates the extent to which stakeholders need immediate attention.
B)refers to the managers' ability to maximize profits.
C)refers to the shareholders' ability to influence managers.
D)refers to the capacity of the stakeholder to positively or negatively affect the operations of the organization.
E)indicates the validity and legitimacy of a stakeholder's interest in the organization.

Question 63

The triple bottom line for assessing organizational performance evaluates how well organizations are doing on:

A)economic,social,and environmental performance criteria.
B)industrial,market,and customer satisfaction criteria.
C)ecological,environmental,and financial criteria.
D)humanitarian,sociological,and research criteria.
E)geological,anthropological,and lean performance criteria.

Question 64

The ________ view of CSR is that business should focus on broader welfare of the community as well as profits.

A)shared value
B)classical
C)post-modern
D)socioeconomic
E)ethnocentric

Question 65

Which of the following is the top reason why almost half the workers in the United States fail to blow the whistle to report wrongdoings they observe at work?

A)A very bureaucratic process of reporting
B)Weak work group identities that discourage loyalty and self-censorship
C)The fear of being reprimanded if caught
D)The belief that no corrective action would be taken
E)The lack of any commitment to the organization

Question 66

The ________ view of CSR approaches business decisions with the understanding that economic and social progress are interconnected.

A)shared value
B)classical
C)post-modern
D)socioeconomic
E)ethnocentric

Question 67

According to Archie Carroll,an)________ manager disregards the ethics of an act or a decision,but does so unintentionally or unknowingly.

A)amoral
B)apathetic
C)immoral
D)individualist
E)ethnocentric

Question 68

In Kohlberg's terms,which of the following types of manager is at the postconventional level of moral development?

A)Unethical
B)Amoral
C)Ethnocentric
D)Moral
E)Immoral

Question 69

Stakeholder power:

A)indicates the extent to which stakeholders need immediate attention.
B)refers to the managers' ability to maximize profits.
C)refers to the shareholders' ability to influence managers.
D)refers to the capacity of the stakeholder to positively or negatively affect the operations of the organization.
E)indicates the validity and legitimacy of a stakeholder's interests in the organization.

Question 70

Issue urgency:

A)indicates the extent to which stakeholders need immediate attention.
B)refers to the managers' ability to maximize profits.
C)refers to the shareholders' ability to maximize profits.
D)refer to the capacity of the stakeholder to positively or negatively affect the stakes of the organization.
E)indicates the validity and legitimacy of a stakeholder's interest in the organization.

Question 71

Archie Carroll suggests that most managers act ________.

A)ethically
B)amorally
C)immorally
D)morally
E)unscrupulously

Question 72

According to the classical view of CSR,the principal obligation of management should be to ________.

A)suppliers
B)owners
C)consumers
D)future generations
E)the state or local government

Question 73

According to proponents of the classical view of CSR,what drives businesses to make things like healthier foods and energy-efficient products?

A)The government
B)Profitability
C)Owners and shareholders
D)A sense of indebtedness to society
E)Pressure from civil society

Question 74

A ________ is a formal statement of an organization's values and ethical principles that set expectations for behavior.

A)code of ethics
B)mission statement
C)code of conduct
D)legal code
E)value statement

Question 75

The classical view of CSR is that businesses should focus on ________.

A)the environment
B)owners and shareholders
C)profits
D)labor unions
E)future generations

Question 76

________ describes the obligation of an organization to act in ways that serve both its own interests and the interests of society at large.

A)Sustainability
B)Corporate accountability
C)Environmental stewardship
D)Corporate social responsibility
E)Corporate citizenship

Question 77

Which of the following statements is in agreement with the socioeconomic view of corporate social responsibility?

A)Financial improvement can be achieved by being socially responsible.
B)The primary responsibility of business is to maximize business profits.
C)By acting responsibly,businesses avoid government regulation.
D)Businesses must be concerned with the broader social concerns and not just with corporate profits.
E)Society is served best when businesses are allowed to maximize their profits.

Question 78

The 3 P's of organizational performance are:

A)planning,process,and profit.
B)procurement,process,and profit.
C)procurement,processing,and planet.
D)place,people,and policy.
E)profit,people,and planet.

Question 79

Which of the following is true of a whistle blower?

A)A whistleblower is the first to act unethically in an organization.
B)Whistleblowers unintentionally disregard the ethics of an act or a decision.
C)Whistleblowers are members of management who specifically look out for unethical behavior among employees.
D)A whistleblower exposes the misdeeds of others in organizations.
E)Whistleblowers are members of law enforcement specifically trained to deal with financial misconduct.

Question 80

The ________ evaluates organizational performance on economic,social,and environmental criteria.

A)social denominator
B)corporate critical line
C)stewardship audit
D)global value audit
E)triple bottom line