Deck 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples

Question 1

Someone excluded from an RCT for depression because of a comorbid panic disorder could be included in an RCT for panic disorder. The implications of this are that there are likely to be efficacious treatment options for most patients and in working with patients with comorbid diagnoses psychologists must

A) consult medical doctors.
B) tell the client that it is nearly impossible to address both conditions.
C) decide which diagnosis or condition should be addressed first.
D) give up on their client ever being healthy.

Answer 1

decide which diagnosis or condition should be addressed first.

Question 2

The majority of evidence-based therapies come from __________ treatments.

A) psychoanalysis
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) mediation & relaxation
D) psychopharmacologic

Answer 2

cognitive-behavioral

Question 3

An open trial is a type of initial, exploratory treatment study in which:

A) a control group is used and strict exclusion criteria are applied.
B) an experimental group is used and no exclusion criteria are applied.
C) no experimental group is used few participant exclusion criteria are applied.
D) no control group is used and few participant exclusion criteria are applied.

Answer 3

no control group is used and few participant exclusion criteria are applied.

Question 4

Based on research evidence, _______ are likely to be the best treatment option for most people, but they are not a panacea.

A) long-term therapies
B) empirically supported treatments
C) family values treatments
D) group therapies

Question 5

The primary goal of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative was to:

A) Improve public knowledge of the efficacy of psychotherapy
B) Increase access for patients to CBT psychotherapy
C) Increase access for patients to psychodynamic psychotherapy
D) disseminate information so therapists could use more evidence based therapy

Question 6

Most evidence-based therapies are available for:

A) almost all Axis I disorders for adults
B) almost all Axis I disorders for children
C) almost all Axis II disorders for adults
D) almost all Axis II disorders for children.

Question 7

Researchers have historically thought that they did not have a role to play in whether their findings are adopted by treatment professionals

Question 8

All are important steps in the provision of engaging in evidence based practice for clinical psychologists EXECPT:

A) Enrolling as a RCT researcher in evidence based trials.
B) Searching in online databases for appropriate treatments.
C) Determining if they are competent to provide such services.
D) Evaluating the efficacy data provided in the service.

Question 9

Clinical psychologists must remain aware of the difference in treatment research between statistically significant differences and clinically significant differences as represented by such concepts as

A) improved quality of life.
B) increased number of people seeking therapy.
C) decreased number of people seeking therapy.
D) improved access to clinicians.

Question 10

Chambless and Hollon's (1998) Criteria for Empirically Supported Treatments state that ESTs must have been conducted with:

A) a treatment manual or its equivalent
B) a population treated for specified problems, for whom inclusion criteria have not been considered
C) treatment outcome measures that don't assess the problems addressed in the treatment
D) inappropriate data analysis

Question 11

__________ is/are a common way in which empirical evidence is used to assist clinicians in making assessment and treatment deci?sions.

A) Clinical practice guidelines
B) Continuing professional credits
C) Clinical symposia
D) Professional affiliations

Question 12

An effect size is:

A) an unstandardized metric, typically expressed in raw units.
B) a standardized metric, typically expressed in standard deviation units or correlations.
C) the percentage of people that improve from treatment.
D) the percentage of therapists that utilize treatment based on empirical evidence.

Question 13

"RCT" stands for:

A) real clinical therapy
B) randomized controlled trials
C) real controlled trials
D) randomized clinical therapy

Question 14

Meta-analyses allows psychologists to

A) discover significance.
B) show off their abilities in statistics.
C) understand the bigger meaning of an experiment.
D) compare outcomes of variables across studies.

Question 15

Does a large effect size (such as d = 1.0) guarantee that the majority of patients are symptom-free by the end of treatment or that they remain symptom-free for years after treatment.

A) Only 30% of the time
B) Sometimes
C) No
D) Always

Question 16

To allow for the meaningful integration of data across studies, researchers convert the results of studies into

A) effect sizes.
B) correlations.
C) variances.
D) charts.

Question 17

Stepped Care Model for the Management of Depression includes:

A) treatment by mental health care professionals
B) treatment in primary care
C) inpatient care
D) all of the above

Question 18

The quality of meta-analytic results is largely dependent on

A) methodological decisions made by researchers who conduct the meta-analyses.
B) methodological decisions made by researchers conducting the original analyses.
C) the quality of participants in the original research studies.
D) the quality-level of journal it is published in.

Question 19

There are three types of clinical trials that a clinical researcher should strive for. The first being studies that are high-quality RCTs. The last being open trials. The other type are:

A) RCTs controlling for all aspects of patient variability.
B) trials where there is no specific exclusion criteria.
C) RCTs with limited treatment duration or incomplete patient randomization.
D) trials with no significance.

Question 20

Berke et al surveyed 549 clinical psychologists to see how many reported engaging in evidence based practice. Of their responses what percentage reported engaging in evidence based practice:

A) Nearly none (<5%)
B) Approximately one third
C) Approximately two thirds
D) Nearly all (>95%)

Question 21

The CBT therapist and client work together to examine

A) how his/her currently family values are effecting their mental health.
B) what happened in his/her childhood that is causing distress.
C) how thoughts influence decisions around behaviors and the resulting emotional states.
D) what relationships are causing problems in his/her daily functioning.

Question 22

In vivo exposure is used to assist patients in

A) reducing distress associated with encountering stimuli that remind them of the trauma..
B) increasing anxiety around situations similar to the trauma; this helps them avoid those situations.
C) decreasing depressive symptoms they are experiencing.
D) change how others view them when they are responding to the trauma.

Question 23

While in EFT, partners are not seen as deficient in their ability to manage interpersonal issues but, rather, as needing assistance in

A) understanding why the other is being so unreasonable.
B) reconnecting with one another in positive emotional ways.
C) formulating and presenting their attachment-related needs and fears to each other.
D) changing his/her own cognitions about their shared ability to develop new experiences.

Question 24

Initial CBT sessions for depression tend to focus primarily on behavioral activation tasks, such as

A) having the client think back to his/her childhood and the things they would do when bored.
B) getting the client to re-engage in some of the pleasurable activities that he/she used to do.
C) increase the number of times he/she gets off of the couch to do something on a given night.
D) encouraging the client to take a vacation.

Question 25

Calhoun, Moras, Pilkonis, and Rehm (1998) recommended that a clinical psychologist wishing to attain adequate skill in the delivery of a psychological treatment should be supervised in providing the treatment to at least three or four _______ patients and a comparable number of _______ patients

A) normal, healthy
B) typical, atypical
C) atypical, typical
D) healthy, normal

Question 26

The CBT client is coached to challenge the accuracy of _______

A) his/her negative thoughts.
B) the positivity of his/her environment.
C) his/her perception of reality.
D) the nature of therapy being conducted.

Question 27

The first four steps of EFT involve

A) assessment and the de-escalation of problematic interpersonal cycles.
B) Working on difficult reinforcement issues.
C) developing new solutions to old problems particularly around cognitions.
D) learning about the history of the therapeutic alliance.

Question 28

A psychologist providing EFT for couple distress must address each partner's _______ and each partner's _______ interactional problems.

A) gender identification, understanding of
B) mental health, challenges with
C) concern, ability to handle
D) affect, perspective on

Question 29

As clients attempt to follow through on activity scheduling assignments, they typically ______.

A) express doubts about the point of the assignments and/or their abilities to carry them out
B) discontinue coming to therapy sessions for a few weeks without notifying their therapist.
C) fail quite miserably.
D) give up on nearly half of the assignments they attempt.

Question 30

Thought monitoring is used in treating depression. This does NOT require:

A) Recording the types of thoughts that occur around upsetting/difficult situations.
B) Description of the situation
C) Description of associated behaviors, emotions, and thoughts.
D) Journal writing about how he/she acted in the moment.

Question 31

A benchmarking strategy involves

A) using the results of efficacy trials to form a stan?dard against which to compare services.
B) setting a minimum standard for acceptable services.
C) the clinician sitting in silence and waiting for the client to disclose information.
D) placing a couple on a bench and having them share positive qualities about the other.

Question 32

To effectively provide psychological service interventions, the clinician requires

A) an ability to work long hours, specialized training, experience as a client of therapy.
B) an ability to work long hours, and background preparatory work.
C) familiarity with research literature of the intervention and specialized training.
D) background preparatory work, specialized training, closely supervised experience in providing the intervention.

Question 33

The clinician, in the final sessions of CBT of depression, encourages the client to imagine events that might cause the client concern and helps him/her explore the:

A) effects of medication in those scenarios.
B) most adaptive ways respond to such events.
C) purpose of continuing therapy.
D) most ineffective ways of responding to such events.

Question 34

The main goals of EFT for couple distress are to modify emotional responses and constricted, rigid interactional patterns and

A) create a healthy co-dependence in the couple.
B) foster the establishment or enhancement of a secure emotional bond in the couple
C) establish independent functioning behaviors for each of the individuals in the couple.
D) embellish strengths that each individual brings to the couple dynamic.

Question 35

Relaxation skills include all EXCEPT:

A) Muscle relaxation
B) Hypnosis
C) Breathing retraining
D) Self-soothing

Question 36

The focus of CBT for depression is on:

A) celebrating exciting daily happenings, smiling more frequently, and taking a warm bath.
B) setting a strict schedule of tasks, thinking good thoughts, and sheer will-power.
C) altering behaviors, negative automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional beliefs.
D) learning yoga, eating healthier, and exercising more.

Question 37

By having patients repeatedly expose themselves to in vivo trauma stimuli,

A) they desensitize themselves to the thoughts surrounding the trauma.
B) anxiety is reduced, a sense of self-efficacy is developed, and the opportunity for avoiding certain situations is enhanced.
C) patients develop a useful support system helping them in handling the stimuli.
D) anxiety is reduced, a sense of self-efficacy is developed, and the opportunity for engaging in a broader range of activities is enhanced.

Question 38

Eysenck's (1952) seminal work argued that clients receiving psychodynamic or eclectic therapy were comparable to, or even worse than, rates of remission of symptoms among untreated clients. His analysis of the data probably suffered from several threats to _______, including history, maturation, statistical regression, and selection biases.

A) internal validity
B) external validity
C) ecological validity
D) criteria validity

Question 39

The final three steps of EFT are designed to

A) learn the history of the therapeutic alliance.
B) promote change in each partner's interactional position.
C) Working on difficult dysfunctional thoughts.
D) access the emotions underlying each partner's position in the relationship.

Question 40

Beyond the issue of the availability of training, there are myriad potential barriers to the adoption of evidence-based treatments by psychologists and other health care professionals. These include systems level factors such as the extent of organizational support for learning and provid?ing cutting-edge interventions, and individual factors such as:

A) stop, drop, and roll.
B) affect, culture, and motivation.
C) motivation, knowledge, and skill.
D) reuse, reduce, and recycle.

Question 41

For an empirically supported treatment to be deemed "efficacious and specific",

A) it must have been published in a top-tiered journal.
B) it must have been shown to be statistically significantly superior to pill, psychological placebo, or alternative bona fide treatment in at least 2 independent research settings
C) three studies must have been completed.
D) one study, done by a doctoral student, with conflicting evidence is sufficient.

Question 42

For an empirically supported treatment to be deemed "possibly efficacious",

A) one study is sufficient for this designation, in the absence of conflicting evidence.
B) three separate studies must be completed.
C) two studies must be published in top-tiered journals.
D) one study, done by a doctoral student, with conflicting evidence is sufficient.

Question 43

The first meta-analysis of psychotherapy literature, in 1977, was by:

A) Johnson & Johnson
B) Smith & Glass
C) Rogers & Jung
D) Beck & Bandura

Question 44

For an empirically supported treatment to be deemed "efficacious",

A) the superiority must have been shown in one really good study.
B) a study must have been done by a notable researcher.
C) the superiority must have been shown in at least 2 independent research settings.
D) Two studies must have been published in top-tiered journals.