Deck 1: The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

Question 1

All nutrients are divided into how many classes?

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following nutrients is NOT organic?

A) vitamins
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) water

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE of the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey?

A) Within each age category, the percentage of Canadian adults who were obese was lower in 2004 than in 1978-79.
B) Approximately 23% of adults were obese compared to approximately 14% over 2 decades earlier.
C) Over half of Canadians aged 18 and older were either underweight or below average.
D) Diabetes was found to be more common among people with lower body weights.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

A) carbohydrates
B) vitamins
C) lipids
D) alcohol

Question 5

An increased risk for obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes is associated with

A) diets low in saturated fats.
B) diets high in fibre, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
C) caffeine consumption.
D) an imbalance between food intake and daily activity.

Question 6

To a scientist describing nutrients, the term "organic" means nutrients that

A) contain both carbon and hydrogen.
B) contain hydrogen and nitrogen.
C) are natural, not synthetic.
D) are synthetic, not natural.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient?

A) vitamin A (vitamin)
B) stearic acid (fat)
C) dietary fiber (carbohydrate)
D) calcium (mineral)

Question 8

Which statement concerning the field of nutrition is FALSE?

A) Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.
B) Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food.
C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the 14th century.
D) Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Question 9

Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement before undergoing oral surgery. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist Lauren in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense?

A) carbohydrate
B) fat
C) protein
D) vitamins

Question 11

Which of the following BEST describes minerals?

A) micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion
B) micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light
C) inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods
D) nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the body

Question 12

Of the following nutrients, which contains nitrogen?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) water

Question 13

Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT strongly associated with dietary choices?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) cancer
C) heart disease
D) type 2 diabetes

Question 14

Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients?

A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient?

A) water
B) alcohol
C) vitamins
D) minerals

Question 16

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) vitamins

Question 17

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast?

A) 123 kilocalories
B) 152 kilocalories
C) 582 kilocalories
D) 1,007 kilocalories

Question 18

For dinner, Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat. In addition, Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal. If she drinks one glass of wine containing 10 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal?

A) 340 kilocalories
B) 1,540 kilocalories
C) 1,806 kilocalories
D) 2,820 kilocalories

Question 19

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?

A) butter and corn oil
B) beef and pork
C) wheat and lentils
D) bacon and eggs

Question 20

Macronutrients are nutrients that

A) provide energy to support normal function and health.
B) are needed in relatively small quantities in the body.
C) consist of vitamins and minerals.
D) are inorganic nutrients.

Question 21

What two groups are vitamins classified into?

A) fat soluble and water soluble
B) macrosoluble and microsoluble
C) nonnutritive and nutritive
D) trace and major

Question 22

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to refocus nutrient recommendations toward preventing

A) nutrient deficiencies.
B) infectious diseases.
C) poverty.
D) chronic diseases.

Question 23

What is the standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
B) Adequate Intake (AI)
C) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI)

Question 24

An important source of energy for muscles during times of rest and low-intensity exercise is

A) protein.
B) vitamins.
C) fat.
D) water.

Question 25

Proteins are NOT found in

A) meats, fish, and poultry.
B) dairy products.
C) seeds, nuts, and legumes.
D) water.

Question 26

What is the leading federal agency in Canada that protects human health and safety?

A) Canadian Food Inspection Agency
B) Dieticians of Canada
C) Health Canada
D) Public Health Agency of Canada

Question 27

The highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the

A) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).
B) Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA).
C) Adequate Intake (AI).
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Question 28

The group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment is called what?

A) the experimental group
B) the control group
C) the double-blind group
D) the blind group

Question 29

Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) thiamin
D) niacin

Question 30

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Fats are soluble in water.
B) Fats are an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise.
C) Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
D) Fats yield more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Question 31

The type of study that compares a group of individuals with a disease to another similar but healthy group is called a(n)

A) double-blind study.
B) clinical trial.
C) intervention study.
D) case control study.

Question 32

Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light are called

A) vitamins.
B) minerals.
C) proteins.
D) fats.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein?

A) building new cells and tissues
B) repairing damaged structures
C) regulating metabolism and fluid balance
D) serving as a primary source of energy for the body

Question 34

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet?

A) registered dietitian (RD)
B) PhD in exercise science
C) medical doctor (MD)
D) nutritionist

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

A) helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction
B) helps to transport nutrients and oxygen
C) helps to excrete waste products
D) provides a source of energy to work and play

Question 36

The building blocks of proteins are called

A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) saccharides.
D) nitrogen fragments.

Question 37

Which of the following professional titles has NO definition or laws regulating it?

A) registered dietitian
B) medical doctor
C) nutritionist
D) licensed nutritionist

Question 38

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of your daily calories should be provided by carbohydrate?

A) 35%
B) 65%
C) 70%
D) 75%

Question 39

Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?

A) excreted via the urine
B) potentially toxic
C) soluble in water
D) not stored to any extent in the body

Question 40

Vitamin C and the B vitamins are termed

A) nonessential vitamins.
B) water-soluble vitamins.
C) fat-soluble vitamins.
D) trace vitamins.

Question 41

Macronutrients are nutrients that contain inorganic components.

Question 42

"Health" is a multidimensional process that includes one's physical, emotional, social, occupational, and spiritual health.

Question 43

What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown without the use of synthetic pesticides?

A) organic
B) inorganic
C) genetically modified organism (GMO)
D) vegetarian

Question 44

The earliest discoveries in the field of nutrition focused on nutritional deficiencies and illness.

Question 45

What is another name for an epidemiological study?

A) a single-blind study
B) a double-blind study
C) a model study
D) an observational study

Question 46

What is the first step of the scientific method?

A) Formulate a hypothesis.
B) Design and conduct an experiment.
C) Collect and analyze data.
D) Observe a phenomenon.

Question 47

The chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function are called

A) antibodies.
B) bacteria.
C) nutrients.
D) carcinogens.

Question 48

A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n)

A) phenomenon.
B) experiment.
C) theory.
D) fact.

Question 49

Vitamins provide 4 kilocalories per gram.

Question 50

Essential nutrients are nutrients the body can manufacture in sufficient quantities to meet its needs.

Question 51

The Canadian Community Health Survey is an example of

A) a double-blind study.
B) a clinical trial.
C) an epidemiological study.
D) a case control study.

Question 52

In Canada, diseases related to overnutrition (heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes) are more common than nutrient deficiency diseases.

Question 53

The primary source of fuel for the body is

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats and oils.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 54

Amino acids are the smallest unit of a

A) carbohydrate.
B) lipid.
C) protein.
D) vitamin.

Question 55

The second step of the scientific method is

A) observation of a phenomenon.
B) development of a theory.
C) testing a research question or hypothesis.
D) collecting data.

Question 56

In the United States and Canada, what set of standards defines the recommended intake values for various nutrients for healthy people?

A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
B) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
C) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Question 57

Cryogenics is a new area of research that seeks to uncover the links between our genes, our environment, and our diet.

Question 58

What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study?

A) theory
B) placebo
C) single-blind trial
D) double-blind trial

Question 59

Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the students' names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants knows who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as

A) single-blind, random selection.
B) double-blind, placebo-controlled.
C) single-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled.
D) double-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled.

Question 60

Protein is the primary source of fuel for our brain.

Question 61

Because they are needed in relatively large quantities, vitamins and minerals are considered macronutrients.

Question 62

Cholesterol is one form of lipid that can be synthesized by the body.

Question 63

Fat-soluble vitamins are considered nonessential because the human body needs them in relatively small amounts and can synthesize them in the liver.

Question 64

Rich sources of carbohydrate include legumes, milk, rice, wheat, fruits, and vegetables.

Question 65

Vitamins assist with the regulation of many body processes.

Question 66

Protein's primary role is to provide energy for the body.

Question 67

A beverage that contains 20 grams of alcohol mixed with a diet soda has approximately 140 kilocalories.

Question 68

Protein is the only macronutrient that contains the element nitrogen.

Question 69

A placebo is the misrepresentation of a product, program, or service for financial gain.

Question 70

Because water does not provide any calories to the body, scientists do not consider it a nutrient.

Question 71

The energy derived from food is expressed in units called kilocalories.

Question 72

The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Question 73

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are dietary standards that should be applied only to healthy individuals.

Question 74

A double-blind experiment is one in which neither the researchers nor participants know which group is assigned to which treatment.

Question 75

Minerals maintain their chemical structure and are not broken down during digestion.

Question 76

In the second half of the 20th century, nutrition researchers failed to find a link between nutrition and the development of chronic diseases.

Question 77

Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases that are among the top ten causes of death in the United States.

Question 78

The term nutritionist has no precise definition or laws regulating it.

Question 79

Fat is an important energy source for our bodies during low-intensity exercise.

Question 80

For an experiment to be consistent with the principles of the scientific method, it must be repeatable.