Question 1

Cultural feminism is defined as:&#10;A) The idea that women are a product of the culture.&#10;B) A belief in inherent gender differences.&#10;C) The emancipation of women as a cultural fad.&#10;D) The corruption of women by masculine politics.

Accepted Answer

Cultural feminism is a belief in inherent gender differences, where women are seen as fundamentally different from men, with unique qualities and strengths. It emphasizes the importance of embracing and valuing feminine qualities and experiences, and often advocates for women's empowerment through enhancing these qualities.

Question 2

Nightingale isolated five environmental components essential to an individual's health. Select the correct grouping from the following:&#10;A) Calming colors, quiet, comfortable temperature, clean air, pure water&#10;B) Clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light&#10;C) Light, color, sound, smell, temperature&#10;D) Pure food, clean water, cleanliness, quiet, calming color

Accepted Answer

Nightingale's five environmental components essential to an individual's health are clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light. Option B lists these five components.

Question 3

In the mid-19th century, there were two competing theories regarding the nature and origin of disease. These competing thoeries were:&#10;A) Localization and specificity.&#10;B) Contagionism and quarantine.&#10;C) Vectorism and pollution.&#10;D) Atmosphere and environment.

Accepted Answer

Contagionism argued that diseases were caused by microscopic organisms that spread from person to person, while quarantine involved isolating those who were sick to prevent further spread. This was in contrast to the localization and specificity theory, which argued that disease developed in specific organs or tissues within the body. The other options (C and D) are not commonly referred to as competing theories in this context.

Question 4

Nightingale defined a nurse as any woman who had "charge of the personal health of somebody" whether well, as in caring for babies and children, or sick, as an "invalid" (Nightingale, 1860/1969). It was assumed that:

A) All women, at one time or another in their lives, would nurse.
B) All women needed to know the laws of health.
C) Nursing proper, or "sick" nursing, was both an art and a science and required organized, formal education to care for those suffering from disease.
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that all women would nurse at some point in their lives, and therefore all women needed to know the laws of health. However, she also believed that nursing proper, or "sick" nursing, required organized, formal education in order to care for those suffering from disease. Therefore, all of the above choices are true.

Question 5

According to Nightingale, a nurse is defined as:&#10;A) The handmaiden of the physician.&#10;B) A member of the moral majority.&#10;C) Any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick.&#10;D) An individual who felt a calling to take charge of the sick.

Accepted Answer

According to Nightingale, a nurse is defined as any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick. She believed that nursing was not just a profession but a calling that required compassion and dedication towards caring for the sick. Nightingale rejected the idea that nurses were simply assistants to physicians and emphasized the importance of nursing as a separate and vital profession.

Question 6

Nightingale proposed nursing as:&#10;A) An extension of the environment.&#10;B) An art and a science.&#10;C) Empirical science.&#10;D) Physician's handmaiden.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale proposed nursing as both an art and a science, emphasizing the importance of clinical knowledge and technical skills as well as compassion and empathy for the patient. She believed that nursing was not just about providing physical care, but also about creating a healing environment that promotes the patient's well-being.

Question 7

In Nightingale's mind, the specific &#34;scientific&#34; activity of nursing that was the central element in health care, without which medicine and surgery would be ineffective, is which of the following:&#10;A) Preparing nutritious meals&#10;B) Maintaining an aesthetic environment&#10;C) Maintaining hygiene&#10;D) Sustaining a quiet environment

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that maintaining hygiene, which included clean air and water, proper sanitation, and personal cleanliness, was the key scientific activity of nursing. She believed that without proper hygiene, medicine and surgery were largely ineffective in improving patients' health. While preparing nutritious meals, maintaining an aesthetic environment, and sustaining a quiet environment could all be important for overall patient well-being, they were not considered the central scientific activity of nursing according to Nightingale's philosophy.

Question 8

The patient is at the center of the Nightingale model and incorporates:&#10;A) A holistic view of the person.&#10;B) Psychological, intellectual, and spiritual components.&#10;C) A unique individual filled with chattering hopes and advice.&#10;D) A & B&#10;E) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The Nightingale model incorporates a holistic view of the person and includes psychological, intellectual, and spiritual components. The emphasis is on the patient as a unique individual, but not necessarily one filled with chattering hopes and advice. Therefore, options A and B are correct, but option C is not. The best choice is D, as it includes both A and B.

Question 9

The goal of nursing as described by Nightingale is to:&#10;A) Work collaboratively with the physician to implement the medical orders.&#10;B) Take care of the patient's environment by cooking, cleaning, and scrubbing the floors.&#10;C) Assist the patient in his or her retention of &#34;vital powers&#34; by meeting his or her needs, thus putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon.&#10;D) Give the patient medicine when the medicine is due.

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that the goal of nursing was to assist the patient in retaining their "vital powers" by meeting their needs, creating the best condition for nature to act upon. This emphasizes the importance of nursing care in promoting the patient's natural healing process, rather than simply implementing medical orders and administering medicine. Cooking, cleaning, and scrubbing the floors may be important aspects of patient care, but they are not the primary goal of nursing according to Nightingale's philosophy.

Question 10

According to Nightingale, health is viewed as:&#10;A) An additive process.&#10;B) The result of environmental, physical, and psychological factors.&#10;C) The absence of illness.&#10;D) A & B&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Nightingale believed that health is not just the absence of illness but rather a result of environmental, physical, and psychological factors. She also viewed health as an additive process, meaning that positive actions such as promoting cleanliness and providing good nutrition would contribute to overall health. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it incorporates both of these beliefs.

Deck 4: Florence Nightingale