Deck 2: National and Organizational Culture

Question 1

In countries with high masculinity, one finds less conflict and stress when it comes to balancing home and work life.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Organizations are able to operate most efficiently when shared values exist among the employees.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Researchers who have studied the impact of culture on employees indicate that it provides and encourages a form of stability.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Individuals who experience realism and congruence during the anticipatory stage of socialization have a less stressful accommodation stage

Question 5

Organizations can achieve effectiveness only when employees share values.

Question 6

If quality customer service is important in the culture, then individuals will be expected to adopt this behavior.

Question 7

Rituals, history, humor, and employee rewards have resulted in Nordstrom's being recognized as a leader in how to treat customers.

Question 8

In countries in which people display low power distance, employees acknowledge the boss's authority and typically follow the chain of command.

Question 9

Behavioral compliance is a general indicator of cultural commitment.

Question 10

Southwest Airlines has established a strong culture in part due to its hiring practices. Their approach is "hire for the skill and train the attitude."

Question 11

Values are a society's ideas about what is right or wrong, such as the belief that hurting someone is immoral.

Question 12

The extent to which subordinates accept unequal power is the same across countries.

Question 13

In the role management stage of socialization, individuals become organizational members and see the job and organization for what they are.

Question 14

A person's feelings and perceptions are usually kept at the conscious level.

Question 15

An organization's culture can't be seen, sensed, or felt.

Question 16

Generally, individuals having unmanaged stress works to the advantage of the organization.

Question 17

Weeding out cultural misfits should be done only after weighing the costs and benefits of losing talented performers.

Question 18

Organizational culture creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations in employees.

Question 19

The effect of values on workplace productivity and effectiveness is easily measured.

Question 20

As the needs of an organization change, its employees must adapt to those new needs. That is, they must continue to be socialized.

Question 21

in countries with lower levels of uncertainty avoidance, _______________.

A) organizational activities are less formal
B) more risk taking occurs
C) there is high job mobility
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

Research indicates that most managers have never had a mentor.

Question 23

Hofstede's five value dimensions are power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and _______________.

A) accommodation
B) femininity
C) integrity
D) long-term orientation

Question 24

Considerable conflict between job and family roles reflects a high level of the societal value of _______________.

A) power distance
B) masculinity
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) individualism

Question 25

Within the Globe Project, ________________ refers to the degree to which individuals in an organization are rewarded for being friendly, altruistic, fair, caring, and kind to others.

A) egalitarianism
B) gender egalitarianism
C) humane orientation
D) altruistic orientation

Question 26

Workplace spirituality is the same as workplace religion.

Question 27

Which of the following channels is likely to help pass values from one generation to the next?

A) Religion
B) Communities
C) The education system
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

Someone who is promoting and prodding others to show or be more spiritual may also be disrupting the work performance of colleagues.

Question 29

_______________ is the degree to which members of a society or organization use rules, regulations, and social norms to avoid uncertainty or unpredictable future events.

A) Power distance
B) Societal collectivism
C) Future orientation
D) Uncertainty avoidance

Question 30

__________ are the conscious, affective desires or wants of people that guide behavior

A) Cultures
B) Values
C) Needs
D) Wants

Question 31

Performance orientation is the degree to which:

A) Members of organizations are aggressive and confrontational in social relationships.
B) Individuals in a society are rewarded for performance improvement and excellence.
C) Members of a society or organization use rules, regulations, and social norms to avoid uncertainty or unpredictable future events.
D) Individuals express loyalty, pride, and cohesiveness in their organizations and families.

Question 32

Over the past decade research in to spirituality has grown out of favor.

Question 33

The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) project was conceived by ____________.

A) Geert Hofstede
B)
C) Robert House
D) Ronald King
E)H. Schein

Question 34

The values, norms, customs, and rituals of cultures are influenced by _______________.

A) politics
B) religion
C) language
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 35

____________ is the sum total of the beliefs, rituals, rules, customs, artifacts, and institutions that characterize the population of the nation.

A) Culture
B) A national culture
C) A national perspective
D) A guiding perspective

Question 36

The concept of _______________ refers to the extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations.

A) low power distance
B) aggressiveness
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) individualism

Question 37

People are attracted to mentors who look, act, and communicate like themselves.

Question 38

Within the Globe Project, ________________ refers to the extent to which an organization avoids gender discrimination and role inequities.

A) masculinity
B) gender egalitarianism
C) gender orientation
D) justice

Question 39

Mentoring relationships generally last from six months to more than five years.

Question 40

A (n) _______________ is a material object manufactured by people to facilitate culturally expressive activities.

A) symbol
B) sage
C) myth
D) artifact

Question 41

All of the following activities comprise the accommodation stage except:

A) Establishing new interpersonal relationships
B) Learning the task required to perform the job
C) Clarifying one's role in the organization and in formal and informal groups
D) Forming an initial impression of the job and the organization

Question 42

_______________ is the process by which organizations bring new employees into the culture.

A) Alteration
B) Maturation
C) Socialization
D) Normalization

Question 43

When are we most receptive to information about a job or an organization?

A) When faced with the need to make a decision
B) When offered monetary incentives to do so
C) When we hear it for the first time
D) After we have made a mistake

Question 44

The culture at Walt Disney is manifested through all of the following except:

A) Shared sayings.
B) Similar demographic characteristics.
C) Shared things.
D) Shared behavior.

Question 45

During the _______________ stage, a broader set of issues and problems arises, which results in conflict, including conflict between work groups.

A) anticipatory socialization
B) accommodation
C) role management
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 46

Socialization is most important when an individual __________________.

A) first takes a job
B) takes a different job in the same organization
C) has failed to meet performance expectations
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 47

A supportive organizational climate can be defined as the amount of perceived support employees receive from their ___________ that helps them successfully perform their job duties.

A) co-workers
B) supervisor
C) other departments
D) All of the above

Question 48

Socialization processes are the activities by which an individual comes to appreciate the _______________ essential for assuming an organizational role, and for participating as an organization member.

A) values
B) abilities
C) expected behaviors
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 49

Herb Kelleher, one of the founders of Southwest Airlines, helped create a culture of commitment by:

A) Pitching in to help employees as he traveled around doing business.
B) Rewarding the most productive and upbeat employees.
C) Conducting regular and intense team-building sessions.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 50

The socialization that occurs before someone enters an organization, or takes a different job within an organization, is the _______________ stage of socialization.

A) accommodation
B) anticipatory
C) role management
D) assessment

Question 51

The core values of Southwest Airlines consist of all of the following elements except:

A) A warrior spirit
B) A servant's heart
C) A fun-loving attitude
D) An unwavering commitment

Question 52

Attempting to change a culture generally requires all of the following except:

A) Difficult techniques
B) A new company leader
C) Rare skills
D) Considerable time

Question 53

Employees are more likely to adjust to a new job and be accepted socially if they use a _______________ approach to learning about how things work, who makes the decisions, and what the organization values.

A) proactive
B) laid-back
C) scientific
D) sequential

Question 54

Research suggests that, when ethics codes are developed and enforced within an organization, they have a positive impact on _______________.

A) job satisfaction
B) esprit de corps
C) organizational commitment
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

Which of the following does Johnson & Johnson consider their first responsibility?

A) Maintaining reasonable prices
B) Their employees
C) Treating everyone as an individual
D) The people who use their products and services

Question 56

Organizational socialization processes _______ from organization to organization.

A) by law must not vary
B) may vary in form but not content
C) vary in form and content
D) must by law vary by employee

Question 57

Conflict between an individual's work group and other work groups within the organization usually surface during the _______________ socialization stage.

A) anticipatory
B) accommodation
C) role management
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

_____ can be defined as the amount of perceived support employees receive from their co-workers, supervisor, and other departments that helps them successfully perform their job duties.

A) BOC
B) HFC
C) HGC
D) SOC

Question 59

The sink or swim approach to socialization ___________.

A) is preferred to others
B) never works
C) may work
D) never involves mentoring

Question 60

In work organizations, a mentor can provide ___________to a younger, less-experienced protégé.

A) coaching
B) friendship
C) role modeling
D) All of the above.

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as an evolutionary model of spirituality?

A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry's
D) Cirque Du Soleil

Question 62

All of the following recommendations are presented in "Eight Ways to Be a Great Mentor" except:

A) Give up your personal mentor
B) Don't be afraid to be honest
C) Work at building trust and feeling it yourself
D) Don't keep your feelings bottled up

Question 63

All of the following practices are found during the accommodation socialization stage except:

A) Professional counseling
B) Social skills training
C) Demanding but fair supervisors
D) Supportive and accurate feedback

Question 64

All of the following are phases in the mentoring process except:

A) Separation
B) Cultivation
C) Realism
D) Redefinition

Question 65

Which of the following statements about spirituality is false?

A) Spirituality is a personal and private path.
B) Spirituality contains elements of many religions.
C) Spirituality grows from self-inquiry.
D) None of the statements are false.

Question 66

How can a leader or founder help create a strong culture in an organization? Can a leader eliminate culture? Explain.

Question 67

According to the text, which of the following organizations is an example of using a values-based model of spirituality?

A) Alcoholics Anonymous
B) Kingston Technology
C) Ben & Jerry's
D) YMCA

Question 68

Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as the recovery model of spirituality?

A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry's
D) Cirque Du Soleil

Question 69

The "separation" phase of the mentor relationship occurs after the _____________phase.

A) cultivation
B) redefinition
C) friendship
D) conflict

Question 70

Hofstede's research indicates that national cultures exist. Do you believe that in a heterogeneous nation, such as the United States, a national culture that is shared by society does exist?

Question 71

A survey by Mitroff and Denton found all of the following to be true except:

A) Employees who are more spiritually involved achieve better results.
B) Most employees feel free to act on their spirituality in the workplace.
C) People differentiate strongly between religion and spirituality.
D) Most people define spirituality as "the desire to find ultimate meaning and purpose in one's life and to live an integrated life."

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as the socially responsible model of spirituality?

A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry's
D) Cirque Du Soleil

Question 73

Which of the following is the least likely to be a turning point during a mentoring relationship?

A) The senior manager becomes less available
B) A job rotation or promotion limits continued interaction
C) Peer status is achieved
D) A sudden increase in opportunities for interaction around work tasks

Question 74

What is the difference between a "long-term" orientation and a "short-term" orientation?

Question 75

____________ has been defined as "the desire to find ultimate meaning and purpose in one's life and to live an integrated life."

A) Religiousality
B) Spirituality
C) Transformationality
D) None of the above.

Question 76

A study of spirituality reported that organizational spirituality was positively correlated to:

A) Employee job involvement
B) Organizational identification
C) Work rewards satisfaction
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 77

Research by Mitroff and Denton found that there was ___________agreement about the meaning of spirituality.

A) weak
B) diverse
C) near-unanimous
D) unanimous

Question 78

Which of the following statements about spirituality is true?

A) Spirituality is a personal and private path
B) Spirituality contains elements of many religions
C) Spirituality grows from self-inquiry
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 79

Nordstrom's is presented in the text as an example of a particular type of culture. What is that culture and briefly how does Nordstrom's reinforce it?

Question 80

Spirituality in the work place _________.

A) is always positive.
B) is always a negative
C) may have a negative side
D) is appropriate only in religious organization