Deck 5: Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, ability, personality, core Self-Evaluations, attitudes, and Emotions

Question 1

The Big Five personality model is both ethnocentric and unique to the culture in which it is developed.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Low self-esteem can be raised more by having the person think of desirable characteristics possessed rather than of undesirable characteristics from which he/she is free.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Someone scoring negatively on extraversion would be prone to shyness and withdrawn behavior.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research has proved that intelligence is an innate capacity,passed genetically from one generation to the next.

Question 5

The concept of self-esteem includes one's awareness of self.

Question 6

There is no "ideal personality" for an employee.

Question 7

Unlike self-esteem,self-efficacy cannot be enhanced through training.

Question 8

People's opinion of themselves can be the cause of achievement.

Question 9

A person who scores positively on the conscientiousness scale is generally relaxed,secure,and unworried.

Question 10

Research strongly supports Professor Howard Gardner's model of multiple intelligences.

Question 11

Over the last 70 years,the intelligence scores of people in developed countries have shown a steady and significant decline.

Question 12

Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that effort leads to performance.

Question 13

According to psychologist Charles Spearman,all types of cognitive performance are determined by two types of abilities: general mental ability and ability unique to the task at hand.

Question 14

Research suggests that the biggest changes in one's self-esteem happen in the first 10 years of adulthood with little significant change after age 30.

Question 15

Efficacy-performance cycles can spiral upward toward success or downward toward failure.

Question 16

Research reveals that of the Big Five personality dimensions,conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job performance.

Question 17

Self-efficacy is the belief about one's own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation.

Question 18

According to research,the relationship between life satisfaction and self-esteem was much stronger in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures.

Question 19

An individual with an external locus of control sees himself as master of his own fate,and not simply lucky.

Question 20

Boring and tedious jobs tend to enhance a person's perceived self-efficacy.

Question 21

Joy enjoys solving puzzles and is very interested in knowing how things work.He loves playing with numbers and thinks things through in a rational,systematic manner.Which of the following intelligences,as described by Howard Gardner,does Joy possess?

A) Spatial
B) Naturalist
C) Logical-mathematical
D) Intrapersonal
E) Bodily-kinesthetic

Question 22

Which of the following abilities did psychologist Charles Spearman label as "G"?

A) General mental ability
B) Good communication skills
C) Intrapersonal ability
D) Interpersonal ability
E) Logical-mathematical intelligence

Question 23

Negative emotions are said to be goal-incongruent.

Question 24

Job attitudes are most susceptible to change in early adulthood and least susceptible in late adulthood.

Question 25

Julia's teacher congratulated her on her excellent dance presentation.She was told that she possesses an extraordinary sense of balance and rhythm and that she not only has a good hand-to-eye coordination but also did a great job at using gestures to communicate her ideas.It can be concluded that Julia scores high on _____ intelligence (as described by Howard Gardner).

A) naturalist
B) spatial
C) intrapersonal
D) linguistic
E) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 26

_____ is the capacity for constructive thinking,reasoning,and problem solving.

A) Intelligence
B) Attitude
C) Personality
D) Perception
E) Self-concept

Question 27

This intelligence refers to the potential to understand,connect with,and effectively work with others.

A) Spatial intelligence
B) Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
C) Interpersonal intelligence
D) Intrapersonal intelligence
E) Group intelligence

Question 28

Research has shown middle-aged people tend to keep the same job attitudes,even if they change jobs.

Question 29

According to Daniel Goleman,a psychologist turned journalist,traditional models of intelligence (IQ)are too narrow.

Question 30

Emotions involve the whole person - biology,psychology,and social aspects.

Question 31

_____ intelligence relates to the potential to learn and use spoken and written languages.

A) Communicative
B) Linguistic
C) Oral
D) Speech
E) Bodily-kinesthetic

Question 32

Bad moods are contagious,but good moods are not.

Question 33

Daisy tends to enjoy self-reflection and analysis,including day-dreaming,exploring relationships with others,and assessing her own personal strengths.Daisy would score high on:

A) spatial intelligence.
B) naturalist intelligence.
C) interpersonal intelligence.
D) intrapersonal intelligence.
E) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

Question 34

Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's model of the attitude-behavior process predicts all types of behavior.

Question 35

Jane is good at imagining things,sensing changes,solving puzzles,and reading maps and charts.She has a keen eye for detail and a good sense of parts to the whole.It can be said that Jane scores high on _____ intelligence (as described by Howard Gardner).

A) spatial
B) naturalist
C) interpersonal
D) intrapersonal
E) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 36

While "attitudes" are global beliefs that influence behavior across all situations,"values" relate only to behavior directed towards specific objects,persons,or situations.

Question 37

_____ intelligence is potential to understand and regulate oneself.

A) Spatial
B) Bodily-kinesthetic
C) Interpersonal
D) Intrapersonal
E) Critical

Question 38

Emotional stability is positively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior.

Question 39

_____ intelligence is the potential to live in harmony with one's environment.

A) Spatial
B) Biotic
C) Naturalist
D) Bodily-kinesthetic
E) Ethical

Question 40

According to research,if employees make an effort to actually feel the emotions they express,it may reduce their stress.

Question 41

According to Yale's Robert J.Sternberg,_____ intelligence is the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to,shape,and select environments.

A) musical
B) logical-mathematical
C) practical
D) interpersonal
E) naturalist

Question 42

Jack,a manager at GenSoft,Inc.,is a naturally empathetic person.He was promoted to the post of manager because he was good at organizing,communicating,and effectively working with others.This shows that Jack would score high on _____ intelligence.

A) interpersonal
B) intrapersonal
C) spatial
D) linguistic
E) naturalist

Question 43

Extraversion refers to which of the following characteristics?

A) Trusting,good natured,cooperative,soft-hearted
B) Relaxed,secured,unworried
C) Intellectual,imaginative,curious,broad-minded
D) Dependable,responsible,achievement-oriented,persistent
E) Outgoing,sociable,talkative,assertive

Question 44

_____ is measured by having survey respondents indicate their agreement or disagreement with both positive and negative statements about their own selves.

A) Agreeableness
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-efficacy
D) Internal locus of control
E) External locus of control

Question 45

According to a meta-analysis involving subjects from many professions,among the Big Five,which dimension had the strongest positive correlation with job performance and training performance?

A) Conscientiousness
B) Emotional stability
C) Openness to experience
D) Extraversion
E) Agreeableness

Question 46

When a person agrees with the statement,"I feel I'm a person of worth,the equal of other people," he is said to have:

A) high self-esteem.
B) high self-efficacy.
C) external locus of control.
D) low emotional stability.
E) low conscientiousness.

Question 47

_____ represent(s)a broad personality trait comprised of four narrower individual personality traits: self-esteem,generalized self-efficacy,locus of control,and emotional stability.

A) Introversion
B) Extraversion
C) Core self-evaluations
D) Self-reflection
E) Behavioral patterns

Question 48

_____ is defined as the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give an individual his/her own identity.

A) Perception
B) Personality
C) Self-concept
D) Attitude
E) Locus of control

Question 49

Meg is trustworthy,good-natured,cooperative,and soft-hearted.She would score high on which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?

A) Extraversion
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Conscientiousness
E) Agreeableness

Question 50

Being relaxed,secure,and unworried characterizes which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?

A) Extraversion
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Conscientiousness
E) Agreeableness

Question 51

A(n)_____ refers to someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change.

A) extravert
B) introvert
C) proactive personality
D) practical personality
E) agreeable personality

Question 52

Being able to visualize how geometric shapes would look if transformed in shape or position refers to _____ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) spatial
C) inductive reasoning
D) bodily-kinesthetic
E) naturalist

Question 53

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of four narrower individual personality traits: self-esteem,generalized self-efficacy,locus of control,and:

A) agreeableness.
B) extraversion.
C) openness to experience.
D) emotional stability.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 54

_____ identify opportunities and act on them,show initiative,take action,and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

A) Introverts
B) Emotionally unstable people
C) Proactive people
D) Agreeable people
E) Practical people

Question 55

Joe is outgoing,talkative,sociable,and assertive.He would score high on which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?

A) Extraversion
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Conscientiousness
E) Agreeableness

Question 56

A belief about one's own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation is called:

A) self-image.
B) self-efficacy.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-concept.
E) self-control.

Question 57

Someone scoring _____ would be nervous,tense,angry,and worried.

A) negatively on introversion
B) positively on openness to experience
C) positively on agreeableness
D) negatively on emotional stability
E) positively on conscientiousness

Question 58

If Cedric is dependable,responsible,achievement-oriented,and persistent,he is demonstrating which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?

A) High extraversion
B) Low emotional stability
C) External locus of control
D) High conscientiousness
E) Low agreeableness

Question 59

According to research on Big Five personality dimensions,_____ is associated with success for managers and salespeople.

A) internal locus of control
B) extraversion
C) lack of openness to experience
D) low agreeableness
E) emotional stability

Question 60

An action-oriented person who would show initiative and persevere until change occurs has:

A) a proactive personality.
B) low emotional stability.
C) negative self-efficacy.
D) poor self-esteem.
E) learned helplessness.

Question 61

_____ is a learned predisposition toward a given object.

A) Personality
B) Perception
C) Self-concept
D) Self-efficacy
E) Attitude

Question 62

Which of the following is true about self-efficacy?

A) Pencil-and-paper tests for self-efficacy should be used in an advanced stage of development and validation.
B) Complex,challenging,and autonomous jobs tend to lower one's self-efficacy.
C) Employees' self-efficacy expectations for key tasks can be improved through mentoring.
D) As self-efficacy improves,goals should be made simpler.
E) Employees with high self-efficacy need lots of constructive pointers and positive feedback.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true about one's locus of control?

A) Internals display greater work motivation than externals.
B) Internals believe that factors like luck play an important role in determining performance.
C) Externals exhibit higher performance on tasks involving problem solving,when performance leads to valued rewards.
D) Externals obtain higher salaries and greater salary increases than internals.
E) Internals tend to be more anxious than externals.

Question 64

According to a survey of students from 31 countries worldwide,a _____ correlation was found between self-esteem and self-satisfaction.

A) moderate positive
B) strong positive
C) low negative
D) moderate negative
E) strong negative

Question 65

Tia has a debilitating belief that she has no control over her environment.Her condition can be described as:

A) self-inflicting efficacy.
B) cognitive quagmire.
C) an individualistic trait.
D) learned helplessness.
E) a neutral behavioral pattern.

Question 66

_____ is a person's belief about his/her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.

A) Self-efficacy
B) Spatial ability
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-control
E) Self-management

Question 67

The _____ component of an attitude contains the feelings or emotions one has about a given object or situation.

A) learned
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) dissonant
E) behavioral

Question 68

People with _____ view themselves in negative terms.They do not feel good about themselves and are hampered by self-doubts.

A) internal locus of control
B) high degree of extraversion
C) high emotional stability
D) low self-esteem
E) practical intelligence

Question 69

Low self-efficacy is associated with a condition called ____,the severely debilitating belief that one has no control over one's environment.

A) internal locus of control
B) fundamental attribution effect
C) practical intelligence
D) learned helplessness
E) agreeableness

Question 70

Individuals with _____ tend to be relaxed,secure,unworried,and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.

A) external locus of control
B) learned helplessness
C) low levels of self-esteem
D) high levels of emotional stability
E) high levels of introversion

Question 71

People who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control are said to possess:

A) an internal locus of control.
B) an external locus of control.
C) high degree of agreeableness.
D) high self-esteem.
E) high emotional stability.

Question 72

A meta-analysis encompassing over 20,000 subjects found _____ between self-efficacy and job performance.

A) a significant positive correlation
B) no relationship
C) a significant negative correlation
D) an inverse relationship
E) a marginal relationship

Question 73

When Ronnie was nominated to take on the coordinator's role in office,he said,"I'd love to take on the coordinator's role for the team,but I'm terrified of getting up in front of a group and talking." It is evident that Ronnie has a(n):

A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) extravert personality.
D) low self-efficacy.
E) low level of conscientiousness.

Question 74

People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives are said to possess:

A) an internal locus of control.
B) an external locus of control.
C) practical intelligence.
D) learned helplessness.
E) low self-efficacy.

Question 75

Anthony received an "A" on the final exam of Organizational Behavior.When asked by his roommate how he managed to pull an "A" on the final,he replied,"I'm just lucky." Anthony can be described as having:

A) an internal locus of control.
B) extraverted ability.
C) an external locus of control.
D) introverted ability.
E) high emotional stability.

Question 76

The _____ component of an attitude reflects the evaluation or belief one has about an object or situation.

A) learned
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) dissonant
E) behavioral

Question 77

Betty,a manager for Oil Traders,Inc.,has been offered a promotion.She has the option of deciding which country she will work in.Her preference is to work in a culture where the correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction is not strong.Based on what research tells us,which of the following countries should Betty choose?

A) Canada
B) Netherlands
C) Japan
D) New Zealand
E) The United States

Question 78

Joe believes his past performance in college is due to the difficulty of courses he has taken and his bad luck in getting tough instructors.Based on this,Joe:

A) has an external locus of control.
B) has a proactive personality.
C) is an extravert.
D) has a low degree of conscientiousness.
E) is emotionally intelligent.

Question 79

The relationship between self-efficacy and performance is:

A) cyclical.
B) curvilinear.
C) linear.
D) oscillating.
E) inverted-U.

Question 80

People with _____ see themselves as masters of their own fate.

A) an external locus of control
B) high extraversion
C) openness to experience
D) an internal locus of control
E) low emotional stability