Deck 1: Needed: People-Centered Managers and Workplaces

Question 1

Theory Y assumptions about employees,according to McGregor,are pessimistic and negative.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Human and social capital cannot be built; they are inherent qualities.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Expenditure on education and training can be treated as investment in human capital.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The contingency approach grew from awareness that OB theories cannot be applied in all situations.

Question 5

One of the main assumptions of McGregor's Theory Y is that work is a natural activity,just like play or rest.

Question 6

Mary Parker Follett,a famous management consultant,strongly believed in demanding performance from employees instead of motivating job performance.

Question 7

The field of organizational behavior has evolved over time.

Question 8

Prior to the human relations movement,employees were viewed and treated simply as inputs into the production process.

Question 9

Organizational behavior is applicable only in for-profit organizations.

Question 10

Social capital can either be internal or external to the organization.

Question 11

The field of organizational behavior (OB)is dynamic and a work in progress.

Question 12

The human relations movement was widely criticized because it viewed employees as passive economic beings rather than active social beings.

Question 13

Human capital is job-specific and hence,cannot be generalized to various jobs.

Question 14

The essence of the Hawthorne studies was to manipulate a variety of workplace factors and measure the effects on worker performance.

Question 15

The contingency approach discourages managers from viewing organizational behavior (OB)within a situational context.

Question 16

Elton Mayo advised managers to attend to employees' emotional needs in his work 'The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization.'

Question 17

Three basic levels of analysis in organizational behavior are individual,group,and organizational.

Question 18

By definition,organizational behavior is research-oriented and not application-oriented.

Question 19

From the employees' perspective,Theory Y management practices are a major barrier to productivity improvement and employee well-being.

Question 20

The Hawthorne studies showed that data-driven research can guide managerial actions.

Question 21

The development of _____ in management theory changed the view of employees as simply inputs into the production process.

A) the human relations movement
B) Gantt charts
C) Taylorism
D) the contingency approach
E) the scientific method

Question 22

The _____ was/were the prime stimulus for the human relations movement in management and organizational behavior.

A) World Wars
B) Great Depression
C) Hawthorne studies
D) contingency approach
E) Internet

Question 23

Organizations can reduce the need for whistle-blowing by encouraging free and open expression of dissenting viewpoints.

Question 24

Technology enables employees to exert more control over the information they send and receive.

Question 25

____,who headed the Harvard researchers in the Hawthorne studies,advised managers to attend to employees' emotional needs.

A) Fredrick Taylor
B) Mary Parker Follet
C) Elton Mayo
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frank Gilbreth

Question 26

Positive organizational behavior (POB)is positively associated with employee engagement and organizational commitment.

Question 27

Senior executives tend to resort to unethical behaviour more frequently than lower-level employees.

Question 28

Before the human relations movement in management,employees were viewed as:

A) self-motivated and ambitious.
B) human capital for the firm.
C) inputs in the production process.
D) individuals with their own needs.
E) social capital for the firm.

Question 29

Ethics involves the study of moral issues and choices.

Question 30

In today's world,in order to be able to compete in global market,one has to be an industry giant.

Question 31

An e-business is one that relies on the internet primarily to buy and sell things.

Question 32

According to Kent Hodgson,there are absolute ethical answers for decision makers.

Question 33

Professional networking sites such as LinkedIn help employees expand and cultivate their social capital.

Question 34

The field of organizational behavior is influenced by changes in the field of psychology.

Question 35

Sustainable businesses are led by CEOs who take a target-driven approach rather than an inclusive approach.

Question 36

E-business refers to using the Internet to facilitate every aspect of running a business.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes the field of organizational behavior?

A) An exclusively theoretical approach to understanding the various management styles
B) A field dedicated to analyzing the interactions of corporate organizations in the market
C) A branch of management theory that operates independently of psychology and anthropology
D) An interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work
E) A field of research dedicated to improving motivational tactics to increase productivity

Question 38

E-business has significant implications for management,but not for organizational behavior.

Question 39

The 'C' in Fred Luthans's CHOSE model of key positive organizational behavior (POB)dimensions stands for confidence.

Question 40

An ethical organization strives to increase the need for whistle-blowing within the organization.

Question 41

Which of the following represents a company's investment in developing its human capital?

A) Training employees to develop skills
B) Encouraging team-building in the company
C) Starting a company basketball team
D) Following the required safety regulations
E) Improving the product development process

Question 42

_____ calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner,instead of trying to rely on "one best way."

A) The contingency approach
B) McGregor's Theory X
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) Taylorism
E) The human relations approach

Question 43

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the individual level is about:

A) responsibility and nurturance.
B) altruism and civility.
C) courage and forgiveness.
D) well-being and contentment.
E) civic virtues and citizenship.

Question 44

_____ is defined as the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured,developed,and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace.

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Positive organizational behavior
C) McGregor's Theory XY
D) The contingency approach
E) Positive predictive value

Question 45

Which of these is a Theory X assumption about people at work?

A) Work is a natural activity.
B) People are capable of self-direction if they are committed to objectives.
C) The typical employee can learn to accept and seek responsibility.
D) People become committed to objectives if they are rewarded for doing so.
E) Most people prefer to be directed.

Question 46

_____ is the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions.

A) Social cost
B) Optimism
C) Motivation
D) Teamwork
E) Human capital

Question 47

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the group level is about:

A) valued subjective experiences.
B) hope and contentment.
C) the capacity for love and vocation.
D) civic virtues and altruism.
E) high talent and wisdom.

Question 48

In the multi-level approach to positive psychology,the subjective level is about:

A) courage and perseverance.
B) citizenship and work ethic.
C) flow and happiness.
D) civic virtues and institutions.
E) selfishness and greed.

Question 49

Which approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner?

A) The one-best-way approach
B) Human relations approach
C) Theory X management approach
D) Contingency approach
E) Theory Y management approach

Question 50

The 1960 book titled 'The Human Side of Enterprise' was written by:

A) Elton Mayo.
B) Douglas McGregor.
C) Fredrick Taylor.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Clayton Christensen.

Question 51

The CHOSE acronym that identifies the five key dimensions of positive organizational behaviour was created by:

A) Douglas McGregor.
B) Elton Mayo.
C) Fredrick Taylor.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Fred Luthans.

Question 52

Which of the following refers to the productive potential of strong,trusting,and cooperative relationships?

A) Social capital
B) Skills
C) Motivation
D) Social cost
E) Human capital

Question 53

Which of these is a way to develop social capital within an organization?

A) Building knowledge
B) Skills training
C) Economic motivation
D) Forming sports teams
E) Product development

Question 54

John has always believed that his employees are lazy and they dislike work.He is afraid that if he does not provide close direction and supervision,they will goof off.John's managerial style conforms to:

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
B) the findings of the Hawthorne studies.
C) Mary Follet's theories.
D) the human relations view.
E) McGregor's Theory X.

Question 55

A present or future employee with the right combination of knowledge,skills,and motivation to excel represents _____ with the potential to give the organization a competitive advantage.

A) human capital
B) a whistle-blower
C) a Theory X employee
D) a competence oppressor
E) a competence suppressor

Question 56

Which of these is a Theory Y assumption about people at work?

A) People can learn to accept and seek responsibility.
B) Most people dislike work.
C) Most people actually prefer to be directed.
D) People require close direction when they are working.
E) People are interested only in security.

Question 57

As a production manager of Great Golf Products (GGP),Hannah believes that her employees are capable of self-direction and self-control.She also believes that they are committed to GGP's objectives since they are rewarded for doing so.According to Douglas McGregor's system,Hannah can be described as a:

A) Theory X manager.
B) social capital manager.
C) Six Sigma manager.
D) Theory Y manager.
E) Hawthorne manager.

Question 58

Contingency theory in management grew from the awareness that:

A) organizational behavior theories are incorrect.
B) organizational behavior theories cannot be applied to all situations.
C) McGregor's Theory Y made more sense than McGregor's Theory X.
D) it is important to rely on the "one best method" in all cases.
E) Theory Y management is a barrier to employee well-being.

Question 59

According to the researchers in the Hawthorne studies,the results from the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that employee performance can be improved by:

A) developing a formal procedure for collective bargaining.
B) developing a code of ethics for the organization.
C) following an autocratic leadership style.
D) attending to individual needs and group dynamics.
E) formulating a mission statement for the organization.

Question 60

The 1933 book "The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization",which advised managers to attend to employees' emotional needs,was written by:

A) Mary Parker Follet.
B) Fredrick Taylor.
C) Elton Mayo.
D) Douglas McGregor.
E) Clayton Christensen.

Question 61

In Carroll's model of corporate social responsibility,a company fulfills its legal responsibility by:

A) ensuring that all employees have no criminal records.
B) formulating internal codes of ethics that are enforced through punishment.
C) supporting only those social causes that are not subject to controversy or debate.
D) obeying the law of host countries as well as international law.
E) developing industry-wide ethical standards and ensuring compliance.

Question 62

Which of these refers to using information communication technologies to facilitate every aspect of running a business?

A) E-mail
B) E-commerce
C) Third-party marketplaces
D) E-business
E) E-procurement

Question 63

When Kyra says that her department head,Tia,sets goals,figures out how to achieve them,and is self-motivated to accomplish them,she is referring to which of the following dimensions of the CHOSE model?

A) Confidence
B) Hope
C) Optimism
D) Subjective well-being
E) Emotional intelligence

Question 64

A _____ is an organizational behavior research technique that probes individual or group processes in an organizational setting.Its results often have immediate and practical relevance for managers because it involves real life situations.

A) meta-analysis
B) field study
C) laboratory study
D) sample survey
E) focus group

Question 65

A _____ is a statistical pooling technique that permits behavioral scientists to draw general conclusions about certain variables from many different studies.

A) meta-analysis
B) case study
C) field study
D) laboratory study
E) sample survey

Question 66

The 'H' in the CHOSE model of key POB dimensions stands for:

A) hope.
B) health.
C) hard work.
D) honor.
E) height.

Question 67

Kent Hodgson's principle of loyalty implies that:

A) people should be treated justly.
B) all persons have the right to self-determination.
C) the truth should be told to those who have a right to know it.
D) promises,contracts,and commitments should be honored.
E) actions should accomplish the "greatest good for the greatest number" of people.

Question 68

"All persons are intrinsically valuable and have the right to self-determination" relates to which of the seven moral principles defined by Kent Hodgson?

A) Dignity of human life
B) Autonomy
C) Honesty
D) Loyalty
E) Fairness

Question 69

'The common good' is one of the seven moral principles defined by Kent Hodgson.It means that:

A) our actions ought to accomplish good,and we should avoid doing evil.
B) one has the obligation to treat others fairly and justly.
C) the truth should be told to those who have a right to know it.
D) one should act in ways that benefit the most people.
E) we should show concern for others through kindness,serving,and caring.

Question 70

An organization wants to develop and implement a code of ethics in order to encourage ethical behavior among employees.Which of the following is a desirable characteristic for an organization's code of ethics?

A) The code of ethics should encourage whistle-blowing in cases of ethical lapses.
B) The code of ethics should only be developed if employees are morally attentive.
C) The code of ethics should be backed by support from top management.
D) The code of ethics should cover general,rather than specific,ethical cases.
E) Enforcement of the code of ethics should not be based on punishment and reward.

Question 71

In a _____ study,variables are manipulated and measured in contrived situations.

A) sample
B) case
C) laboratory
D) field
E) contingent

Question 72

Which of the following best describes e-commerce?

A) Performing all business activities online
B) Buying and selling goods over the Internet
C) Giving employees telecommuting facilities
D) Using telemarketing as a sales tool
E) Developing internal social capital online

Question 73

According to Carroll's model of corporate social responsibility,a company fulfills its philanthropic responsibility by:

A) making a profit.
B) obeying the laws of the host country.
C) obeying the laws of the home country.
D) being ethical in its practices.
E) being a good corporate citizen.

Question 74

The concept of _____ means that businesses have obligations to others,beyond shareholders and beyond the bounds of law or contract.

A) collaborative leadership
B) corporate social responsibility
C) positive organizational behavior
D) communities of innovation
E) contingency theory

Question 75

_____ is the study of moral issues and choices,and is concerned with the concepts of right versus wrong and good versus bad.

A) Efficiency
B) Strategy
C) Motivation
D) Ethics
E) Leadership

Question 76

Which of the following would help improve an organization's ethical climate?

A) Providing a code of ethics for specific,rather than general,problems
B) Following a bottom-to-top system of enforcing ethical behavior
C) Avoiding a punishment-reward system for reinforcing behavior
D) Appointing designated whistleblowers for the company
E) Increasing performance pressure on employees

Question 77

In Carroll's model of corporate social responsibility,economic responsibility implies that:

A) companies should make a profit consistent with expectations.
B) companies should invest all their profits in social improvement programs.
C) companies should avoid operating with the motive of obtaining profit.
D) companies should make a profit at all costs,to maximize shareholder benefits.
E) companies should minimize or eliminate activities that are not profitable.

Question 78

Humaneness is one of the seven moral principles defined by Kent Hodgson.It means that:

A) the lives of people should be respected and human beings have a right to live.
B) all persons are intrinsically valuable and have the right to self-determination.
C) the truth should be told to those who have a right to know it.
D) our actions should accomplish the "greatest good for the greatest number" of people.
E) we should do good to others as well as to ourselves.

Question 79

_____ is the capacity for recognizing and managing one's own and others' emotions.

A) Expressed emotion
B) Relationship management
C) Adaptive capacity
D) Emotional intelligence
E) Pattern recognition

Question 80

Which of the following dimensions of the CHOSE model relates to self-awareness,self-motivation,being empathetic,and having social skills?

A) Confidence
B) Hope
C) Optimism
D) Subjective well-being
E) Emotional intelligence