Deck 5: Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, ability, personality, core Self-Evaluations, attitudes, and Emotions

Question 1

Equity theory is a motivational theory that explains how people strive for ________ and ___________ in social exchanges.

A) justice; development
B) organization; development
C) fairness; justice
D) organization; justice
E) fairness; job security

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Managers have gained insight from research based on goal setting.Which of the following is not an accurate insight regarding goal setting?

A) difficult goals lead to lower performance
B) feedback enhances the effect of specific,difficult goals
C) participative goals,assigned goals,and self-set goals are all equally effective
D) goals commitment and monetary incentives affect goal setting outcomes
E) specific high goals lead to greater performance

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What are the three key concepts that make up the Vroom's expectancy theory?

A) expectancy,instrumentality,and motivation
B) equity,instrumentality,and valence
C) expectancy,individualism,and valence
D) expectancy,equity,and effort
E) expectancy,instrumentality,and valence

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which core job characteristic refers to an individual performing a whole or completely identifiable piece of work?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy
E) feedback

Question 5

Which of the following is not a managerial implication of expectancy theory?

A) Reward people for desired performance,and do not keep pay decisions secret
B) Determine the outcomes employees value
C) Identify good performance so appropriate behaviours can be rewarded
D) Make sure employees achieve targeted performance levels
E) Link desired outcomes to targeted levels of performance

Question 6

Maslow's need hierarchy theory indicates which of the following needs?

A) safety
B) physiological
C) self-actualization
D) safety,physiological,esteem and self-actualization are all Maslow's needs
E) esteem

Question 7

If performance is measured at the individual level,rewards must be given

A) at the next performance appraisal
B) for individual achievement
C) for all team members
D) only if the whole company benefited
E) if the reward has a high valence

Question 8

According to the managerial and organizational implications of expectancy theory,which of the following implications are for organizations,not for managers?

A) make sure employees can achieve targeted performance levels.
B) make sure a change in outcomes are large enough to motivate high effort.
C) monitor the reward system for inequities.
D) determine the outcomes employees value.
E) accommodate individual differences by building flexibility into the motivation program.

Question 9

According to Locke's model,goal setting has four motivational mechanisms.Which of the following is NOT considered a motivational mechanism?

A) goals direct attention
B) goals initiate progressive conflict
C) goals regulate effort
D) goals increase persistence
E) goals foster development of strategies and action plans

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic motivator?

A) Freedom to express oneself
B) Employee confidence in work completed
C) Job promotion
D) Fun and enjoyment at work
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 11

The desire to accomplish something difficult; to master,manipulate,or organize physical objects,human beings,or ideas are a part of McClelland's need for

A) power
B) job design
C) leadership
D) affiliation
E) achievement

Question 12

Psychological processes that cause the arousal,direction,and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed is the definition for

A) theories of motivation
B) content theories of motivation
C) motivation
D) persistence theory
E) goal theory

Question 13

The three specific ways to redesign jobs are:

A) turnover,performance,and absenteeism
B) needs,theories,and wants
C) job enlargement,job enrichment,and job rotation
D) advancement,assistantship,and affiliation
E) job enlargement,core job characteristics,and skill variety

Question 14

Goals should be set at a high level,but they should be achievable.This statement is advocating which of the following?

A) setting goal difficulty
B) setting goal commitment
C) setting goal feedback
D) setting goal participation
E) setting goal specificity

Question 15

Which three core job characteristics combine to determine the experienced meaningfulness at work?

A) skill variety,autonomy,and task identity
B) task significance,autonomy,and task identity
C) skill variety,feedback,and task significance
D) skill variety,task significance,and task identity
E) skill variety,autonomy,and feedback

Question 16

People who prefer to spend time maintaining social relationships,joining groups and wanting to be loved most likely have a need for

A) achievement
B) esteem
C) affiliation
D) leadership
E) self-actualization

Question 17

Anna,a market researcher,enjoys the freedom and independence she has over her job.Which core job characteristic is Anna experiencing?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy
E) feedback

Question 18

The following are all prerequisites for linking performance and reward except:

A) Managers need to develop and communicate performance standards to employees
B) Managers need to implement the same rewards for all employees
C) Managers need valid and accurate performance ratings with which to compare employees
D) Managers need to determine the relative mix of individual versus team contributions to performance then reward accordingly
E) Managers should use the performance ratings to differentially allocate rewards among employees

Question 19

Which of the following are core job characteristics according to the job characteristic model?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) autonomy
D) feedback from the job
E) skill variety,task identity and significance,autonomy,feedback from the job

Question 20

Considering the expectancy theory,managers can enhance the effort by employees to meet performance expectations by helping employees.Managers can do this by increasing employee self-efficacy and:

A) setting very difficult goals
B) monitoring valences for various rewards
C) providing an outcome contingent on performance
D) understanding employee expectations
E) providing support and coaching

Question 21

Successful people have one thing in common; they do not set goals.

Question 22

Core job characteristics are common characteristics found to varying degrees in all jobs.

Question 23

Job enlargement entails modifying a job such that an employee has the opportunity to experience stimulating work and advancement.

Question 24

The key concept,valence,within Vroom's expectancy model is a belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance.

Question 25

One of the managerial implications associated with McClelland's need theory is that adults cannot be trained to increase their achievement motivation.

Question 26

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,recognition,stimulating work,responsibility,and advancement are all considered to be components of hygiene factors.

Question 27

Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is turned on to his or her work due to external factors.

Question 28

In order to help employees achieve more work-life balance organizations are motivating their employees with:

A) Tele-commuting
B) Job sharing
C) Compressed work weeks
D) Flex-time
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 29

Job enrichment allows an employee to

A) take on tasks of their subordinates
B) eliminate jobs they don't like
C) take on tasks normally performed by their supervisors
D) eliminate jobs they can't do
E) take on tasks that their co-workers can't do

Question 30

Motivation,according to Vroom,boils down to the decision of how much effort to exert in a specific task situation.

Question 31

Job design and job redesign both refer to any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific jobs or interdependent systems of jobs with the intent of improving the quality of the employee job experience and their productivity.

Question 32

One key managerial implication of Maslow's theory worth noting is that a satisfied need may lose its motivational potential.

Question 33

Feedback enhances the effect of specific,difficult goals.

Question 34

Equity theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships.

Question 35

The biological approach to job design emphasizes the reliability of work outcomes by examining error rates.