Deck 8: Social Influence, socialization, and Organizational Culture

Question 1

What do newcomers need to learn about during the socialization process?

A)Task,performance expectations,psychological contract,organization.
B)Performance expectations,psychological contract,culture,task.
C)Health and safety issues,terms and conditions of employment,psychological contract,organizational procedures.
D)Task,role,group,organization.
E)Career and psychosocial functions.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What socialization tactics are also known as debasement or hazing?

A)Investiture
B)Serial
C)Disjunctive
D)Divestiture
E)Random

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the most likely motive for mere compliance to a request?

A)You identify with the person making the request.
B)You truly believe in the idea underlying the request.
C)You are afraid of the person making the request.
D)You like the person making the request.
E)The request is easy and straightforward.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At which stage of socialization is the new organizational member most likely to be information dependent and effect dependent on experienced organizational members?

A)Role management
B)Internalization
C)Anticipatory socialization
D)Encounter
E)Identification

Question 5

Even before he graduated from business school,Stan replaced his knapsack with an expensive leather briefcase.This is an example of

A)a realistic job preview.
B)anticipatory socialization.
C)a strong culture.
D)collective socialization.
E)debasement.

Question 6

If I conform to my boss's wishes because of identification,I am conforming because

A)I'm afraid of her.
B)I see myself as similar to her.
C)I might be able to get her to recommend me for promotion.
D)I absolutely believe,trust,and accept her directives.
E)I believe the issues at hand are difficult and ambiguous.

Question 7

The first day on his new job,John's experienced workmates sent him to the equipment shed to ask the attendant for a ridiculously named,nonexistent tool.John came back very embarrassed,much to their amusement.This is not an example of

A)debasement.
B)a realistic job preview.
C)hazing.
D)socialization.
E)a divestiture tactic.

Question 8

Given the research findings,an organization would most likely introduce realistic job previews to

A)reduce absenteeism.
B)increase applicant expectations about the job.
C)reduce the effects of socialization.
D)reduce turnover.
E)increase the rate of job offer acceptance by applicants.

Question 9

Person-organization fit refers to

A)the match between an employee's knowledge,skills,and abilities,and the requirements of a job.
B)the match between an employee's personality and the personality of other members of the organization.
C)the match between an employee's goals and the goals of the organization.
D)the match between an employee's personal values and the values of the organization.
E)the match between an employee's expectations and the expectations of the organization.

Question 10

A psychological contract is

A)the process by which people learn the norms required to function in an organization.
B)conformity to a social norm prompted by the desire to acquire rewards.
C)an explicit agreement between a worker and their employer which states the pay and benefits offered in exchange for work.
D)the shared beliefs,values,and assumptions that exist in an organization.
E)the set of beliefs held by employees concerning the reciprocal obligations between them and their employer.

Question 11

When conformity occurs because it is seen as right,it is known as

A)compliance.
B)effect dependence.
C)identification.
D)information dependence.
E)internalization.

Question 12

In his last year of college,even before he took a job with a conservative bank,Randall began wearing three piece suits regularly.To which stage of socialization does this example refer?

A)Role management
B)Debasement
C)Encounter
D)Anticipatory socialization
E)Identification

Question 13

Which motive for conformity most clearly involves effect dependence?

A)Socialization
B)Identification
C)Internalization
D)Compliance
E)Dissension

Question 14

From the first stage to the last stage,which of the following sequences accurately portrays the stages of organizational socialization?

A)Encounter; anticipatory socialization; role management
B)Anticipatory socialization; role management; encounter
C)Role management; anticipatory socialization; encounter
D)Encounter; role management; anticipatory socialization
E)Anticipatory socialization; encounter; role management

Question 15

The patriotic soldier truly agreed with the statement "My country,right or wrong." His agreement is indicative of

A)internalization.
B)identification.
C)compliance.
D)effect dependence.
E)dissension.

Question 16

Research indicates that the expectations people have about organizations before they actually join them

A)are extremely vague.
B)are amazingly accurate.
C)are unrealistically low.
D)are unbelievably poor.
E)are unrealistically high.

Question 17

As normally practised,a realistic job preview

A)concentrates on the bad aspects of the job.
B)portrays both the good and bad aspects of the job.
C)permits a person to try out the job for a couple of weeks.
D)is put in place to reduce employee absenteeism.
E)increases the likelihood of job offer acceptance by applicants.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of compliance?

A)It occurs because a member subscribes to the beliefs and values underlying the norm.
B)It occurs because a member wishes to avoid punishment.
C)It occurs because a member wishes to acquire rewards.
D)It primarily involves effect dependence.
E)It is the simplest,most direct motive for conformity to group norms.

Question 19

Mario acts in accordance with group norms because he believes that the norms are truly right.He ________ the norms.

A)is complying with
B)has internalized
C)is identifying with
D)is imitating
E)is dissenting from

Question 20

Which is the best example of collective socialization?

A)Any manager-employee relationship
B)On-the-job training
C)Marine Corps boot camp
D)An apprenticeship
E)Mentoring

Question 21

Which person least likely experienced collective socialization with regard to her work?

A)An IBM salesperson
B)A police officer
C)An airline cabin attendant
D)A soldier
E)A novelist

Question 22

Mentoring provides a number of career enhancing benefits for the apprentice.These include

A)recognition and a "positive reinforcer" for being included in such a program.
B)sponsorship,exposure and visibility,and developmental assignments.
C)acceptance and confirmation,optimal levels of stress,and financial incentives.
D)special tours of company facilities and presentations by top managers.
E)rigorous divestiture and debasement experiences.

Question 23

Organizations with strong cultures tend NOT to

A)use careful and protracted socialization practices.
B)merge well with each other.
C)remember their founders.
D)have symbols.
E)have rituals.

Question 24

Organizational cultures that involve intense and pervasive beliefs,values,and assumptions are called ________ cultures.

A)sub
B)strong
C)symbolic
D)ritual
E)pathological

Question 25

Institutionalized socialization involves all of the following tactics except

A)collective tactics.
B)serial tactics.
C)investiture tactics.
D)fixed tactics.
E)disjunctive tactics.

Question 26

Which practice is most likely to lead to uniform conformity to a standard set of organizational norms?

A)Individual socialization
B)Socialization by external agents
C)Collective socialization
D)Socialization via debasement
E)Disjunctive socialization

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of developing and maintaining a strong organizational culture?

A)Increased coordination
B)Ease of conflict resolution
C)Increased financial success
D)Improved communication
E)Resistance to change

Question 28

Mary Kay Cosmetics gives top performers pink Cadillacs during sales meetings that have the flavour of a Hollywood premiere.This illustrates how

A)compliance is the truest motive for conformity.
B)individual socialization can overpower collective socialization.
C)rituals can shape an organization's culture.
D)some strong cultures can become pathological.
E)debasement can enhance the socialization process.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about strong organizational cultures is FALSE?

A)They have a strong impact on organizational members.
B)They can be pathological.
C)They always contribute to organizational success.
D)They engage in extensive socialization of organizational members.
E)They can damage a firm's ability to innovate.

Question 30

Which mentoring relationship is most likely to experience difficulties?

A)Female protégé,female mentor
B)Male protégé,female mentor
C)Male protégé,male mentor
D)Female protégé,male mentor
E)Visible minority protégé,visible minority mentor

Question 31

There are a number of career functions of mentoring.Which of the following is NOT a mentoring career function?

A)Sponsorship
B)Visibility
C)Discipline
D)Coaching
E)Developmental assignments

Question 32

Stories about events in organizations

A)are a poor source of information about an organization's culture.
B)reflect several common themes across organizational cultures.
C)are of historical value but fail to capture the essence of the organization's current culture.
D)are not meant to communicate how things work.
E)generally have a good version only.

Question 33

Research on women and mentoring suggests that

A)men have far more problems establishing this relationship due to the threat they pose to their mentors.
B)women,unlike men,build successful careers through peer relationships rather than linking up with a mentor.
C)women tend to link up with male mentors and men tend to link up with female mentors because cross-gender dynamics help cement these relationships.
D)women who make it to executive positions invariably have had a mentor earlier in their careers.
E)women generally make better mentors than men.

Question 34

The hardware division and the software division had rather different beliefs,values,and assumptions.This illustrates the operation of

A)symbolic cultures.
B)ritual cultures.
C)strong cultures.
D)subcultures.
E)pathological cultures.

Question 35

Collective socialization is not used to

A)socialize police officer recruits in a large urban police force.
B)encourage individuality in the way jobs are performed.
C)promote uniform behaviour among organizational members.
D)promote loyalty to the organization.
E)train soldiers in army boot camp.

Question 36

Individualized socialization involves all of the following tactics except

A)informal tactics.
B)random tactics.
C)variable tactics.
D)serial tactics.
E)disjunctive tactics.

Question 37

Which of the following is a benefit of developing and maintaining a strong organizational culture?

A)Culture clash
B)Pathological behaviours
C)Conflict resolution
D)Resistance to change
E)Increased dissension

Question 38

The tailor sent the eager apprentice out to find some (nonexistent)striped thread.This is an example of

A)hazing.
B)socialization.
C)debasement.
D)divestiture tactic.
E)all of the above.

Question 39

A meticulous step-by-step socialization process is characteristic of organizations with

A)strong cultures.
B)subcultures.
C)pathological cultures.
D)mature cultures.
E)individualized socialization.

Question 40

Organizations that handle a substantial proportion of their own socialization rather than rely on external agents to socialize their members

A)are especially open to new ideas and procedures.
B)don't socialize very extensively and pretty much accept recruits as they are.
C)wish to foster reliable,stable job behaviour over time.
D)expect their recruits to enter the organization with a high degree of anticipatory socialization.
E)are less susceptible to inbreeding.

Question 41

What is the main content of most orientation programs?

A)Health and safety,terms and conditions of employment,information about the organization.
B)Performance expectations,terms and conditions of employment,information about the organization.
C)Performance expectations,terms and conditions of employment,information about career opportunities.
D)Health and safety,terms and conditions of employment,information about the career opportunities.
E)Health and safety,terms and conditions of employment,information about the socialization process.

Question 42

Which of the following is a psychosocial function of mentoring?

A)Role modelling
B)Sponsorship
C)Exposure and visibility
D)Developmental assignments
E)Coaching and feedback

Question 43

Flight Centre's monthly parties called "buzz nights" are a good example of

A)rituals.
B)symbols.
C)stories.
D)subcultures.
E)the founder's role.

Question 44

All of the following are proximal socialization outcomes except for

A)learning.
B)organizational identification.
C)role conflict.
D)task mastery.
E)social integration.

Question 45

What does Disney,Flight Centre,and Mary Kay Cosmetics have in common?

A)Subcultures
B)Stories
C)Rituals
D)Symbols
E)Step-by-step socialization process

Question 46

Which of the following best describes cross-race mentoring relationships?

A)They focus more on psychosocial functions than career functions of mentoring.
B)They focus on both psychosocial functions and career functions of mentoring.
C)They do not focus on either psychosocial functions or career functions of mentoring.
D)They focus more on career functions than psychosocial functions of mentoring.
E)They focus mostly on diversity issues and overcoming discrimination.

Question 47

Institutionalized socialization tactics are especially effective in

A)inducing creative behaviour.
B)inducing individual behaviour.
C)inducing ethical behaviour.
D)inducing risk-taking behaviour.
E)inducing uniform behaviour.

Question 48

Soon after starting a new job,Carman beings to define herself in terms of the organization and what it is perceived to represent.What is this called?

A)Person-job fit
B)Social integration
C)Person-organization fit
D)Organizational identification
E)Internalization

Question 49

Research on mentoring indicates that mentoring is

A)more critical to men's career success than it is to women's.
B)just as critical to men's career success as it is to women's.
C)not very critical for the career success of men or women.
D)more critical to women's career success than it is to men's.
E)only critical to career success when it is informal.

Question 50

All of the following are common themes that underlie organizational stories except:

A)Is the big boss human?
B)Will I get fired?
C)Will I get promoted?
D)How will the boss react to mistakes?
E)How will the organization deal with obstacles?

Question 51

What source do newcomers primarily rely on to acquire information?

A)Supervisors
B)Co-workers
C)Written documents
D)Observation
E)Mentors

Question 52

What kind of information do newcomers tend to seek out the most?

A)Group information
B)Realistic information
C)Role information
D)Task information
E)Organization information

Question 53

At what stage of the socialization process is the organization looking for an acceptable degree of conformity to organizational norms?

A)Anticipatory stage
B)Encounter stage
C)Role management stage
D)Anticipatory stage and encounter stage
E)It depends on the organization.

Question 54

All of the following are distal socialization outcomes except for

A)person-job fit.
B)organizational identification.
C)organizational commitment.
D)stress.
E)organizational citizenship behaviour.

Question 55

Person-job fit refers to the

A)match between an employee's personality and the requirements of a job.
B)match between an employee's knowledge,skills,and abilities,and the requirements of a job.
C)match between an employee's personal values and the requirements of a job.
D)match between an employee's personality and the personality of the organization.
E)match between an employee's previous work experience and new job.

Question 56

What issues underlie organizational stories?

A)Honesty,security,and control
B)Equality,security,and control
C)Integrity,honesty,and control
D)Fairness,safety,and honesty
E)Independence,safety,and security

Question 57

Research on formal mentoring programs indicates that

A)they are not nearly as beneficial as informal mentoring.
B)they are most beneficial for women.
C)they are more beneficial than informal mentoring.
D)they are just as beneficial as informal mentoring.
E)they rarely if ever result in beneficial outcomes.

Question 58

Which of the following depicts the socialization process?

A)Socialization methods -> Encounter stage -> Outcomes
B)Socialization methods -> Anticipatory socialization
->Encounter stage
C)Socialization methods ->Distal outcomes -> Proximal outcomes
D)Socialization methods ->Proximal outcomes
-> Distal outcomes
E)Distal outcomes -> Proximal outcomes -> Socialization methods

Question 59

Bill Gates's impact on Microsoft illustrates

A)the liability of a strong organizational culture.
B)how the founder can shape an organizational culture.
C)the dilemmas of organizational socialization.
D)the limits of using socialization to mold the organizational culture.
E)how the values of an organization rarely reflect those of its founder.

Question 60

During the early period of socialization,what kind of information do newcomers seek from most to least?

A)Task,role,organization,group
B)Task,organization,role,group
C)Task,group,role,organization
D)Task,role,group,organization
E)Role,task,group,organization

Question 61

What tactics represent the context of socialization?

A)Collective-individual and sequential-random
B)Collective-individual and formal-informal
C)Fixed-variable and formal-informal
D)Fixed-variable and serial-disjunctive
E)Formal-informal and serial-disjunctive

Question 62

What tactics represent the social aspects of socialization?

A)Formal-informal and serial-disjunctive
B)Serial-disjunctive and sequential-random
C)Collective-individual and investiture-divestiture
D)Collective-individual and serial-disjunctive
E)Serial-disjunctive and investiture-divestiture

Question 63

Psychological contract breach can occur for the all of the following reasons except for

A)when recruiters promise more than the organization can provide.
B)when newcomers lack sufficient information to form accurate perceptions.
C)when downsizing occurs.
D)when too many newcomers are hired at the same time.
E)when restructuring occurs.

Question 64

What socialization tactic involves a fixed sequence of steps leading to the assumption of the role?

A)Fixed
B)Serial
C)Sequential
D)Collective
E)Formal

Question 65

If an organization wants to prevent newcomers from experiencing a reality shock when they join the organization,what should they do?

A)Have a formal mentoring program
B)Use institutionalized socialization tactics
C)Provide a realistic job preview
D)Provide an orientation program
E)Avoid psychological contract breach

Question 66

All of the following are common examples of collective socialization except for

A)army boot camps.
B)fraternity pledge classes.
C)airline attendants.
D)salespeople.
E)apprenticeships.

Question 67

Which of the following is a good example of resistance to change and top management's role in shaping organizational culture?

A)NASA
B)IBM
C)WorldCom
D)Enron
E)Compaq

Question 68

Which of the following is a good example of culture clash?

A)IBM
B)Oracle Corporation
C)NASA
D)Hewlett-Packard
E)WorldCom

Question 69

Which of the following provides a good example of resistance to change?

A)Enron
B)NASA
C)WorldCom
D)Compaq
E)Oracle Corporation

Question 70

What does "self-selection" refer to?

A)Self-socialization
B)Proactive socialization
C)Choosing to withdraw from the selection process
D)Selecting the type of socialization program you want
E)Selecting the type of mentor you want

Question 71

Kamal has begun a new job and his boss has told him what he can expect to happen during his first year on the job including when he will attend training,when he will be assigned a mentor,when he will be given various assignments,and so on.What is this called?

A)Individual socialization
B)Formal socialization
C)Fixed socialization
D)Serial socialization
E)Investiture socialization

Question 72

What company was ranked as having one of the most admired Canadian corporate cultures in Canada?

A)Hilti (Canada)Corp.
B)Flight Centre
C)Suncor Energy Inc.
D)Boston Pizza
E)WestJet Airlines

Question 73

All of the following are part of a careful step-by-step socialization process except

A)selecting employees.
B)reward and promotion.
C)role models
D)mentoring.
E)exposure to core culture.

Question 74

What socialization tactics have been found to be most strongly related to socialization outcomes?

A)Content tactics
B)Context tactics
C)Social tactics
D)Collective tactics
E)Formal tactics

Question 75

If a recruiter promises you more than an organization can provide,what might happen after you join the organization?

A)Compliance
B)Psychological contract breach
C)Institutionalized socialization
D)Individualized socialization
E)Downsizing

Question 76

Salma has just started a new job and is explaining the reciprocal obligations and promises between her and her organization.What is she talking about?

A)Realistic job preview
B)Culture
C)Norms
D)Psychological contract
E)Expectations

Question 77

Your socialization will require you to attend two days of orientation followed by one week of classroom training,then one month of on-the-job training.You will then be assigned a mentor for the next six months.What is this called?

A)Formal socialization
B)Fixed socialization
C)Serial socialization
D)Sequential socialization
E)Investiture socialization

Question 78

What do Enron,WorldCom,and NASA have in common?

A)Subcultures
B)Pathological cultures
C)Culture clash
D)Resistance to change
E)Step-by-step socialization process

Question 79

What tactics represent the content of socialization?

A)Sequential-random and fixed-variable
B)Collective-individual and formal-informal
C)Formal-informal and fixed-variable
D)Serial-disjunctive and sequential-random
E)Sequential-random and investiture-divestiture

Question 80

After beginning a new job following graduation,you are surprised to learn that there are so many experienced members of the organization who were once in your situation and are always willing and able to help you.What is this called?

A)Mentoring
B)Proactive socialization
C)Collective socialization
D)Serial socialization
E)Informal socialization