Question 1

A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug.He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling &#34;anxious&#34; and is having trouble breathing.What will the nurse do first?&#10;A) Notify the prescriber.&#10;B) Take the patient's vital signs.&#10;C) Stop the antibiotic infusion.&#10;D) Check for allergies.

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms may indicate an allergic reaction to the penicillin drug, and stopping the infusion immediately is necessary to prevent further harm. Taking vital signs and checking for allergies can also be done quickly, but stopping the infusion takes priority to ensure patient safety. The prescriber should be notified after the infusion is stopped.

Question 2

The nurse is monitoring a patient who has been on antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks.Today the patient tells the nurse that he has had watery diarrhea since the day before and is having abdominal cramps.His oral temperature is 101° F (38.3° C).Based on these findings,which conclusion will the nurse draw?

A) The patient's original infection has not responded to the antibiotic therapy.
B) The patient is showing typical adverse effects of antibiotic therapy.
C) The patient needs to be tested for Clostridium difficile infection.
D) The patient will need to take a different antibiotic.

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms of watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps are consistent with Clostridium difficile infection, which is a known complication of antibiotic therapy. Additionally, the patient's elevated temperature may indicate an infection. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider and request testing for C. diff. A change in antibiotic may also be necessary.

Question 3

When reviewing the medication orders for a patient who is taking penicillin,the nurse notes that the patient is also taking the oral anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin).What possible effect may occur as the result of an interaction between these drugs?

A) The penicillin will cause an enhanced anticoagulant effect of the warfarin.
B) The penicillin will cause the anticoagulant effect of the warfarin to decrease.
C) The warfarin will reduce the anti-infective action of the penicillin.
D) The warfarin will increase the effectiveness of the penicillin.

Accepted Answer

Administering penicillin reduces the vitamin K in the gut (intestines); therefore, enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin may occur. The other options are incorrect.

Question 4

A patient will be receiving amoxicillin suspension 300 mg via a gastrostomy tube every 8 hours.The medication comes in a bottle that contains 400 mg/5 mL.Identify how many milliliters will the nurse administer with each dose.(record answer using one decimal place)_______

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient will be receiving amoxicillin suspension...

Question 5

The nurse is reviewing the sputum culture results of a patient with pneumonia and notes that the patient has a gram-positive infection.Which generation of cephalosporin is most appropriate for this type of infection?

A) First generation
B) Second generation
C) Third generation
D) Fourth generation

Accepted Answer

First generation cephalosporins are preferred for gram-positive infections such as pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. Second or third generation cephalosporins may have broader coverage for gram-negative bacteria, but may not be as effective against gram-positive organisms. Fourth generation cephalosporins are primarily used for healthcare-associated infections and may not be necessary in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

Question 6

The nurse is preparing to use an antiseptic.Which statement is correct regarding how antiseptics differ from disinfectants?&#10;A) Antiseptics are used to sterilize surgical equipment.&#10;B) Disinfectants are used as preoperative skin preparation.&#10;C) Antiseptics are used only on living tissue to kill microorganisms.&#10;D) Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.

Accepted Answer

Antiseptics primarily inhibit microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them. They are applied exclusively to living tissue. Disinfectants are able to kill organisms and are used only on nonliving objects.

Question 7

A patient with a long-term intravenous catheter is going home.The nurse knows that if he is allergic to seafood,which antiseptic agent is contraindicated?&#10;A) Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens)&#10;B) Hydrogen peroxide&#10;C) Povidone-iodine (Betadine)&#10;D) Isopropyl alcohol

Accepted Answer

Povidone-iodine contains iodine, which is derived from seafood, and can cause an allergic reaction in patients with seafood allergies. Therefore, it is contraindicated for use in such patients.

Question 8

A patient will be receiving penicillin G potassium,12 million units daily in divided doses every 4 hours IVPB.Identify how many units will the patient receive for each dose each day._______

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient will be receiving penicillin G...

Question 9

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient taking an oral tetracycline antibiotic.Which statement by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds while on this medication.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Milk and cheese products result in increased levels of tetracycline.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Antacids taken with the medication help to reduce gastrointestinal distress.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Take the medication until you are feeling better.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline antibiotics can increase sensitivity to sunlight and cause sunburns, so it is important to avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds while taking this medication. Option B is incorrect because milk and dairy products can decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. Option C is incorrect because antacids, calcium supplements, and iron supplements can reduce the effectiveness of tetracycline antibiotics, so they should not be taken together. Option D is incorrect because it is important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the patient is feeling better, in order to completely eliminate the infection and prevent antibiotic resistance.

Question 10

The nurse is monitoring for therapeutic results of antibiotic therapy in a patient with an infection.Which laboratory value would indicate therapeutic effectiveness of this therapy?&#10;A) Increased red blood cell count&#10;B) Increased hemoglobin level&#10;C) Decreased white blood cell count&#10;D) Decreased platelet count

Accepted Answer

A decreased white blood cell count would indicate therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotic therapy as it suggests a reduction in the infection. Increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin level are not specific to measuring the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Decreased platelet count may indicate a side effect of the antibiotic or a complication of the infection but does not directly indicate therapeutic effectiveness.

Question 11

A patient is admitted with a fever of 102.8° F (39.3° C),origin unknown.Assessment reveals cloudy,foul-smelling urine that is dark amber in color.Orders have just been written to obtain stat urine and blood cultures and to administer an antibiotic intravenously.The nurse will complete these orders in which sequence?

A) Blood culture,antibiotic dose,urine culture
B) Urine culture,antibiotic dose,blood culture
C) Antibiotic dose,blood and urine cultures
D) Blood and urine cultures,antibiotic dose

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is admitted with a fever...

Question 12

When reviewing the allergy history of a patient,the nurse notes that the patient is allergic to penicillin.Based on this finding,the nurse would question an order for which class of antibiotics?&#10;A) Tetracyclines&#10;B) Sulfonamides&#10;C) Cephalosporins&#10;D) Quinolones

Accepted Answer

The answer of When reviewing the allergy history of a...

Question 13

A patient will be having oral surgery and has received an antibiotic to take for 1 week before the surgery.The nurse knows that this is an example of which type of therapy?&#10;A) Empiric&#10;B) Prophylactic&#10;C) Definitive&#10;D) Resistance

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient will be having oral surgery...

Question 14

During drug therapy with a tetracycline antibiotic,a patient complains of some nausea and decreased appetite.Which statement is the nurse's best advice to the patient?&#10;A) &#34;Take it with cheese and crackers or yogurt.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Take each dose with a glass of milk.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Take an antacid with each dose as needed.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Drink a full glass of water with each dose.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of During drug therapy with a tetracycline antibiotic,a...

Question 15

During drug therapy for pneumonia,a female patient develops a vaginal superinfection.The nurse explains that this infection is caused by:&#10;A) large doses of antibiotics that kill normal flora.&#10;B) the infection spreading from her lungs to the new site of infection.&#10;C) resistance of the pneumonia-causing bacteria to the drugs.&#10;D) an allergic reaction to the antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During drug therapy for pneumonia,a female patient...

Question 16

A patient has a urinary tract infection.The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?&#10;A) Macrolides&#10;B) Carbapenems&#10;C) Sulfonamides&#10;D) Tetracyclines

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has a urinary tract infection.The...

Deck 38: Antibiotics Part 1