Deck 32: Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

The nurse is teaching a group of patients about management of diabetes.Which statement about basal dosing is correct?

A) "Basal dosing delivers a constant dose of insulin."
B) "With basal dosing,you can eat what you want and then give yourself a dose of insulin."
C) "Glargine insulin is given as a bolus with meals."
D) "Basal-bolus dosing is the traditional method of managing blood glucose levels."

Answer 1

"Basal dosing delivers a constant dose of insulin."

Question 2

When teaching about hypoglycemia,the nurse will make sure that the patient is aware of the early signs of hypoglycemia,including:

A) hypothermia and seizures.
B) nausea and diarrhea.
C) confusion and sweating.
D) fruity,acetone odor to the breath.

Answer 2

confusion and sweating.

Question 3

A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and type 2 diabetes has been treated for pneumonia for the past week.The patient has been receiving intravenous corticosteroids as well as antibiotics as part of his therapy.At this time,the pneumonia has resolved,but when monitoring the blood glucose levels,the nurse notices that the level is still elevated.What is the best explanation for this elevation?

A) The antibiotics may cause an increase in glucose levels.
B) The corticosteroids may cause an increase in glucose levels.
C) His type 2 diabetes has converted to type 1.
D) The hypoxia caused by the COPD causes an increased need for insulin.

Answer 3

The corticosteroids may cause an increase in glucose levels.

Question 4

After starting treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus 6 months earlier,a patient is in the office for a follow-up examination.The nurse will monitor which laboratory test to evaluate the patient's adherence to the antidiabetic therapy over the past few months?

A) Hemoglobin levels
B) Hemoglobin A1C level
C) Fingerstick fasting blood glucose level
D) Serum insulin levels

Question 5

A patient in the emergency department was showing signs of hypoglycemia and had a fingerstick glucose level of 34 mg/dL.The patient has just become unconscious.What is the nurse's next action?

A) Have the patient eat glucose tablets.
B) Have the patient consume fruit juice,a nondiet soft drink,or crackers.
C) Administer intravenous glucose (50% dextrose).
D) Call the lab to order a fasting blood glucose level.

Question 6

A patient has been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on the biguanide metformin (Glucophage).The nurse knows that the purpose of the metformin,in this situation,is which of these?

A) To increase the pancreatic secretion of insulin
B) To decrease insulin resistance
C) To increase blood glucose levels
D) To decrease the pancreatic secretion of insulin

Question 7

When teaching a patient who is starting metformin (Glucophage),which instruction by the nurse is correct?

A) "Take metformin if your blood glucose level is above 150 mg/dL."
B) "Take this 60 minutes after breakfast."
C) "Take the medication on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals."
D) "Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal (GI)effects."

Question 8

The nurse is preparing to administer insulin intravenously.Which statement about the administration of intravenous insulin is true?

A) Insulin is never given intravenously.
B) Only regular insulin can be administered intravenously.
C) Insulin aspart or insulin lispro can be administered intravenously,but there must be a 50% dose reduction.
D) Any form of insulin can be administered intravenously at the same dose as that is ordered for subcutaneous administration.

Question 9

The nurse is teaching patients about self-injection of insulin.Which statement is true regarding injection sites?

A) Avoid the abdomen because absorption there is irregular.
B) Choose a different site at random for each injection.
C) Give the injection in the same area each time.
D) Rotate sites within the same location for about 1 week before rotating to a new location.

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a review class to nurses about diabetes mellitus.Which statement by the nurse is correct?

A) "Patients with type 2 diabetes will never need insulin."
B) "Oral antidiabetic drugs are safe for use during pregnancy."
C) "Pediatric patients cannot take insulin."
D) "Insulin therapy is possible during pregnancy if managed carefully."

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a group of patients about self-administration of insulin.What content is important to include?

A) Patients need to use the injection site that is the most accessible.
B) If two different insulins are ordered,they need to be given in separate injections.
C) When mixing insulins,the cloudy (such as NPH)insulin is drawn up into the syringe first.
D) When mixing insulins,the clear (such as regular)insulin is drawn up into the syringe first.

Question 12

The nurse knows to administer acarbose (Precose),an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor,at which time?

A) 30 minutes before breakfast
B) With the first bite of each main meal
C) 30 minutes after breakfast
D) Once daily at bedtime

Question 13

A 75-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes has recently been placed on glipizide (Glucotrol),10 mg daily.She asks the nurse when the best time would be to take this medication.What is the nurse's best response?

A) "Take this medication in the morning,30 minutes before breakfast."
B) "Take this medication in the evening with a snack."
C) "This medication needs to be taken after the midday meal."
D) "It does not matter what time of day you take this medication."

Question 14

The nurse is reviewing a patient's medication list and notes that sitagliptin (Januvia)is ordered.The nurse will question an additional order for which drug or drug class?

A) Glitazone
B) Insulin
C) Metformin (Glucophage)
D) Sulfonylurea

Question 15

When administering morning medications for a newly admitted patient,the nurse notes that the patient has an allergy to sulfa drugs.There is an order for the sulfonylurea glipizide (Glucotrol).Which action by the nurse is correct?

A) Give the drug as ordered 30 minutes before breakfast.
B) Hold the drug,and check the order with the prescriber.
C) Give a reduced dose of the drug with breakfast.
D) Give the drug,and monitor for adverse effects.

Question 16

A patient who has type 2 diabetes is scheduled for an oral endoscopy and has been NPO (nothing by mouth)since midnight.What is the best action by the nurse regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drugs?

A) Administer half the original dose.
B) Withhold all medications as ordered.
C) Contact the prescriber for further orders.
D) Give the medication with a sip of water.

Question 17

When monitoring a patient's response to oral antidiabetic drugs,the nurse knows that which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic response?

A) Random blood glucose level 180 mg/dL
B) Blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL after meals
C) Fasting blood glucose level between 92 mg/dL
D) Evening blood glucose level below 80 mg/dL

Question 18

The nurse is reviewing instructions for a patient with type 2 diabetes who also takes insulin injections as part of the therapy.The nurse asks the patient,"What should you do if your fasting blood glucose is 47 mg/dL?" Which response by the patient reflects a correct understanding of insulin therapy?

A) "I will call my doctor right away."
B) "I will give myself the regular insulin."
C) "I will take an oral form of glucose."
D) "I will rest until the symptoms pass."

Question 19

Which action is most appropriate regarding the nurse's administration of a rapid-acting insulin to a hospitalized patient?

A) Give it within 15 minutes of mealtime.
B) Give it after the meal has been completed.
C) Administer it once daily at the time of the midday meal.
D) Administer it with a snack before bedtime.

Question 20

The nurse is administering insulin lispro (Humalog)and will keep in mind that this insulin will start to have an effect within which time frame?

A) 15 minutes
B) 1 to 2 hours
C) 80 minutes
D) 3 to 5 hours

Question 21

A patient is taking a sulfonylurea medication for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.When reviewing potential adverse effects during patient teaching,the nurse will include information about which of these effects? (Select all that apply.)

A) Hypoglycemia
B) Nausea
C) Diarrhea
D) Weight gain
E) Peripheral edema

Question 22

The insulin order reads,"Check blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime.For every 5 mg/dL over 150,give 1 unit of regular Humulin insulin,subcutaneously." The patient's blood glucose level at 11:30 .,before lunch,was 233 mg/dL.In units,identify how much insulin will the nurse give._______