Deck 7: Creating and Managing Organizational Culture

Question 1

The most important function of organizational structure is to control-that is, coordinate and motivate-people within an organization.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Notifications of layoffs, severance payments, and long-term employment are examples of property rights given to the workforce.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Organizational culture affects an organization's performance and competitive position.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Serial socialization tactics require newcomers to figure out and develop their own way of behaving and they are not told what to do.

Question 5

Sequential socialization tactics provide newcomers with explicit information about the sequence in which they will perform new activities or occupy new roles as they advance in an organization.

Question 6

"Excellence" is an example of an instrumental value.

Question 7

Instrumental values help the organization achieve its terminal goals.

Question 8

The purpose of rites of integration is to build common norms and values.

Question 9

Fixed socialization tactics allow newcomers to learn on the job, as members of a team.

Question 10

"Maintaining high standards" is an example of a terminal value.

Question 11

Terminal values are reflected in an organization's mission statement.

Question 12

In an organization, managers have the strongest property rights.

Question 13

An institutionalized role orientation results when individuals are allowed and encouraged to be creative and to experiment with changing norms and values so an organization can better achieve its values.

Question 14

Rites of enhancement mark an individual's entry to, promotion in, and departure from the organization.

Question 15

An office Christmas party is an example of a rite of integration.

Question 16

Disjunctive socialization tactics segregate newcomers from existing organizational members during the learning process.

Question 17

A terminal value is a desired mode of behavior.

Question 18

An instrumental value is a desired end state or outcome that people seek to achieve.

Question 19

An individualized role orientation encourages obedience and conformity to rules and norms.

Question 20

The term "golden parachutes" refers to the right of the workers to receive compensation if they are injured on the job.

Question 21

A newly hired sales trainee is encouraged to go into the marketplace, meet customers, and sell products her own way so that she can learn the appropriate tactics on her own. This is an example of a(n) ________.

A) institutionalized role orientation
B) serial socialization tactic
C) sequential training program
D) individualized role orientation

Question 22

Organic structures are tall, highly centralized, and standardized.

Question 23

Which of the following allows new organizational members to try new norms and values?

A) an individualized role orientation
B) a high degree of centralization
C) an institutionalized role orientation
D) a narrow stance on social responsibility

Question 24

Collective socialization tactics ________.

A) give newcomers precise knowledge of the timetable associated with completing each stage in the learning process
B) allow newcomers to learn on the job, as members of a team
C) provide newcomers with common learning experiences designed to produce a standardized response to a situation
D) provide newcomers with explicit information about the sequence in which they will perform new activities

Question 25

An organization with an accommodative approach to corporate social responsibility agrees that organizational members should behave legally and ethically.

Question 26

A(n) ________ value is a desired end state or outcome that people seek to achieve.

A) authorial
B) instrumental
C) coaxial
D) terminal

Question 27

The characteristic way in which newcomers respond to a situation is called ________.

A) socialization
B) internalization
C) role orientation
D) formalization

Question 28

________ role orientation results when individuals are taught to respond to a new context in the same way that existing organizational members respond to it.

A) Institutionalized
B) Individualized
C) Informal
D) Decentralized

Question 29

The managers who have an obstructionist approach to corporate social responsibility actively embrace the need to behave in socially responsible ways, go out of their way to learn about the needs of different stakeholder groups, and are willing to use organizational resources to promote the interests not only of stockholders but of the other stakeholders.

Question 30

In an organization, all the newly hired trainees have to go through a pre-designed classroom training program. This is an example of a(n) ________.

A) individualized role orientation
B) disjunctive socialization tactic
C) institutionalized role orientation
D) informal training program

Question 31

Van Maanen and Schein's model can be used by managers to determine ________.

A) appropriate terminal values for an organization
B) what principles to use in designing organizational hierarchy
C) how to structure the socialization experience for newcomers
D) appropriate instrumental values for an organization

Question 32

Organizational ________ is a set of shared values and norms that controls organizational members' interactions with each other and with people outside the organization.

A) hierarchy
B) culture
C) structure
D) design

Question 33

Organizational structure is a source of organizational culture.

Question 34

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

A) excellence
B) profitability
C) quality
D) being frugal

Question 35

The two kinds of values are terminal and ________.

A) authorial
B) coaxial
C) instrumental
D) differential

Question 36

As compared to an organic structure, a mechanistic structure is more likely to give rise to a culture in which innovation and flexibility are desired end states.

Question 37

________ is the process by which members learn and internalize the values and norms of an organization's culture.

A) Formalization
B) Centralization
C) Internalization
D) Socialization

Question 38

Informing (by an employee) an outside person or agency, such as a government agency or a newspaper or television reporter, about an organization's (its managers') illegal or immoral behavior is known as whistle-blowing.

Question 39

Which of the following is a terminal value?

A) excellence
B) taking risks
C) working hard
D) being honest

Question 40

________ are standards or styles of behavior that are considered acceptable or typical for a group of people.

A) Norms
B) Instrumental values
C) Terminal values
D) Beliefs

Question 41

Rites of ________ publicly recognize and reward employees' contributions.

A) responsibility
B) integration
C) enhancement
D) passage

Question 42

Rites of ________ build and reinforce common bonds between organizational members.

A) responsibility
B) integration
C) enhancement
D) passage

Question 43

Divestiture involves ________.

A) informing newcomers about the sequence in which they will perform new activities
B) giving newcomers negative social support
C) separating newcomers from existing organizational members during the learning process
D) existing organizational members acting as role models and mentors for newcomers

Question 44

________ role orientation results when individuals are allowed and encouraged to be creative and to experiment with changing norms and values to better achieve organizational values.

A) Institutionalized
B) Formalized
C) Individualized
D) Centralized

Question 45

Which of the following is most likely to be a disadvantage of the institutionalized role orientation?

A) Members produce low quality outputs.
B) Members have difficulty responding to changing conditions.
C) Managers have difficulty creating an ethical culture.
D) Members behave in unpredictable ways.

Question 46

Which of the following socialization tactics is most likely to be employed by an organization if it wants to achieve stability and predictability?

A) variable, disjunctive, investiture
B) random, informal, investiture
C) sequential, serial, divestiture
D) random, variable, disjunctive

Question 47

Which of the following socialization tactics leads to an individualized role orientation?

A) formal
B) serial
C) disjunctive
D) collective

Question 48

Triad Systems, every year, gives the Grindstone Award to those individuals who most consistently demonstrate initiative, focus, dedication, and persistence. This is an example of a rite of ________.

A) enhancement
B) passage
C) integration
D) responsibility

Question 49

A bank has a training program that contains six stages. Newcomers must complete each stage of the training in one month, making the total training time six months. Which of the following socialization tactics is this bank using?

A) random
B) informal
C) disjunctive
D) fixed

Question 50

Which of the following socialization tactics is most likely to be employed by an organization if it wants to achieve innovation and flexibility?

A) sequential, serial, collective
B) informal, random, investiture
C) fixed, serial, formal
D) formal, collective, sequential

Question 51

A company invites all its employees to a Christmas party. This is an example of a rite of ________.

A) passage
B) integration
C) enhancement
D) responsibility

Question 52

The purpose of rites of passage is to ________.

A) encourage members to learn and internalize the organization's norms and values
B) motivate organizational members to be committed to the company's norms and values
C) build common bonds between organizational members
D) allow an organization to change its norms and values

Question 53

A computer company does not have an established sequence of steps for socializing newcomers. Training is tailored to individual needs. Which of the following socialization tactics is this company using?

A) random
B) formal
C) collective
D) fixed

Question 54

When new soldiers are recruited in the military, they go through preestablished drills and learning experiences. This is an example of a(n) ________ socialization tactic.

A) informal
B) sequential
C) disjunctive
D) variable

Question 55

Which of the following socialization tactics involves providing newcomers with role models and mentors?

A) serial
B) disjunctive
C) informal
D) random

Question 56

Rites of enhancement ________.

A) allow an organization to change its norms and values
B) motivate organizational members to be committed to the company's norms and values
C) build common bonds between organizational members
D) encourage members to learn and internalize the organization's norms and values

Question 57

Disjunctive socialization tactics ________.

A) require newcomers to develop their own way of behaving instead of following role models
B) separate newcomers from existing organizational members during the learning process
C) provide newcomers with common learning experiences designed to produce a standardized response to a situation
D) give newcomers precise knowledge of the timetable associated with completing each stage in the learning process

Question 58

Which of the following socialization tactics separates new organizational members from existing members during the learning process?

A) individual
B) disjunctive
C) investiture
D) formal

Question 59

Rites of ________ mark an individual's entry to, promotion in, and departure from the organization.

A) passage
B) enhancement
C) responsibility
D) integration

Question 60

Which of the following socialization tactics leads to an institutionalized role orientation?

A) informal
B) serial
C) disjunctive
D) random

Question 61

Organizations using which of the following approaches have the lowest level of commitment to social responsibility?

A) accommodative approach
B) proactive approach
C) defensive approach
D) obstructionist approach

Question 62

Which of the following statements about property rights is true?

A) In an organization top managers have the strongest property rights.
B) Distribution of property rights has no effect on the instrumental values in the organization.
C) The property rights are the rights of the customers to demand compensation when a product purchased by them is faulty.
D) The distribution of property rights to different stakeholders determines how effective an organization is.

Question 63

The socialization programs used in companies like 3M and Microsoft recognize their most creative people with special job titles. This is an example of a rite of ________.

A) differentiation
B) passage
C) responsibility
D) integration

Question 64

A high-tech company has a casual dress code. This dress code is considered a part of the organizational ________.

A) theory
B) structure
C) design
D) language

Question 65

Pension and severance pay are the examples of the property rights given to the ________.

A) suppliers
B) customers
C) workforce
D) shareholders

Question 66

The distribution of property rights in an organization influences the ________.

A) stance of the organization on the corporate social responsibility
B) individual ethics of the employees
C) instrumental values that shape employee behavior
D) richness of the organization's environment

Question 67

What are golden parachutes?

A) the rights of the managers to lay off employees if they are not performing well
B) the rights of the customers to receive compensation if the product bought by them is faulty
C) rights of the managers to receive large sums of money if they are fired when their company is taken over
D) the rights of the workers to receive compensation if they are injured on the job

Question 68

A manager in a company believes that it is ok to give illegal bribes to city officials to get favorable decisions. His stance on corporate social responsibility could best be described as ________.

A) defensive
B) obstructionist
C) accommodative
D) proactive

Question 69

Which of the following is used to convey cultural values to organizational members?

A) annual reports
B) organizational stories
C) red herring prospectus
D) BCG matrix

Question 70

Which of the following terms refers to the authority that an organization gives to its members to receive and use organizational resources?

A) enhancement rights
B) patents
C) property rights
D) licenses

Question 71

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding organic organizational structures?

A) Organic structures are taller than mechanistic structures.
B) Organic structures encourage a culture in which predictability and stability are the desired end states.
C) In organic structures people are encouraged to be creative and to take risks.
D) Organic structures are highly centralized.

Question 72

The term "________" refers to a manager's duty or obligation to make decisions that nurture, protect, enhance, and promote the welfare and well-being of stakeholders and society as a whole.

A) rite of enhancement
B) organizational citizenship
C) social responsibility
D) rite of integration

Question 73

In an organization, who has the strongest property rights?

A) shareholders
B) top managers
C) employees
D) customers

Question 74

Cultural values of the organization are most likely to be derived from ________.

A) the practices followed by the competitors
B) the beliefs of the founders
C) the preferences of the customers
D) the opinions of the industry experts

Question 75

Which of the following statements is true regarding mechanistic organizational structures?

A) Mechanistic structures are highly decentralized.
B) Mechanistic structures encourage a culture in which innovation and flexibility are the desired end states.
C) Mechanistic structures are flat.
D) Mechanistic structures give little personal autonomy to employees.

Question 76

One manufacturing company in the aluminum industry has an innovative culture, and a competitor from the same country has a conservative culture. What could account for this difference in organizational culture?

A) stance on social responsibility
B) environmental richness
C) organizational structure
D) societal ethics

Question 77

Golden parachutes are property rights generally given to the ________.

A) managers
B) suppliers
C) shareholders
D) customers

Question 78

Which of the following is a source of organizational culture?

A) environmental dynamism
B) organizational specialization
C) property rights
D) environmental richness

Question 79

Managers adopting the ________ approach to social responsibility agree that organizational members ought to behave legally and ethically. These managers want to make choices that are reasonable in the eyes of society and want to do the right thing when called on to do so.

A) integrative
B) obstructionist
C) accommodative
D) associative

Question 80

Samantha is a manager in a company. She believes strongly in following existing laws, but when making ethical choices, she puts the claims of the shareholders above the other stakeholders. Her stance on corporate social responsibility could best be described as ________.

A) defensive
B) obstructionist
C) accommodative
D) proactive