Question 1

Impaired left ventricular function results in&#10;A)heart failure.&#10;B)valvular function rupture.&#10;C)cardiomyopathy.&#10;D)myocardial scarring.

Accepted Answer

Impaired left ventricular function can lead to decreased cardiac output and increased pressure in the left ventricle, which can ultimately result in heart failure. Valvular function rupture, cardiomyopathy, and myocardial scarring may also contribute to impaired left ventricular function, but heart failure is the most direct consequence.

Question 2

Which arrhythmia is more likely to impact cardiac functioning?&#10;A)Atrial fibrillation&#10;B)Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia&#10;C)Ventricular fibrillation&#10;D)Supraventricular tachycardia

Accepted Answer

Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia that occurs when the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) contract in a rapid, unsynchronized way, resulting in the heart being unable to pump blood effectively. This can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. Atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardia can cause symptoms, but they are not generally life-threatening and are more common in clinical practice.

Question 3

The angle of Louis is the anatomical reference point for which chamber?&#10;A)Right atrium&#10;B)Left atrium&#10;C)Right ventricle&#10;D)Left ventricle

Accepted Answer

The angle of Louis, also known as the sternal angle, is a landmark used for various anatomical references, including the location of the second rib, which in turn helps in identifying the position of the heart's chambers. It is particularly associated with the right atrium, as it helps in locating the superior border of this heart chamber.

Question 4

As a direct result of the injury,a patient with a brainstem-level stroke may experience which of the following?&#10;A)Uncontrolled blood pressure&#10;B)Arrhythmia&#10;C)Myocardial infarction&#10;D)Valvular malfunction

Accepted Answer

A brainstem-level stroke can affect the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as blood pressure regulation. This can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure, which is a common complication in patients with brainstem strokes. Arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and valvular malfunction are not typically associated with a brainstem-level stroke.

Question 5

Exercise intensity can be best monitored in a patient on beta-blockers with coronary artery disease by which of the following?&#10;A)Heart rate&#10;B)Oxygen saturation monitor&#10;C)Rating of perceived exertion scale&#10;D)Breathlessness with exercise

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers limit the heart rate response to exercise, making the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale a more reliable method for monitoring exercise intensity in patients on these medications.

Question 6

Coronary spasm may result from which of the following?&#10;A)Increased nitric oxide release&#10;B)Endothelial injury&#10;C)Decreased serotonin levels&#10;D)Decreased inflammatory responses

Accepted Answer

Coronary spasm can occur due to endothelial injury, which can lead to decreased production of vasodilator substances and increased production of vasoconstrictor substances, resulting in spasm of the coronary arteries. Increased nitric oxide release would have the opposite effect, causing vasodilation. Decreased serotonin levels may lead to a decrease in platelet aggregation but would not directly affect coronary spasm. Decreased inflammatory responses are also not directly related to coronary spasm.

Question 7

A patient is 1 day post myocardial infarction with a BP of 100/75.Upon transition from supine to sitting his BP is 78/70.The therapist's best course of action is to&#10;A)design a treatment plan for supine activities only.&#10;B)maintain sitting and have patient do ankle pumps.&#10;C)encourage patient to take quick breaths.&#10;D)loosen all tight clothing.

Accepted Answer

The patient's decrease in BP upon transitioning from supine to sitting suggests orthostatic hypotension, which is common post-MI. Encouraging the patient to continue sitting and perform ankle pumps will improve venous return and help stabilize their BP. The other options, focusing on supine activities only, taking quick breaths, or loosening clothing, do not address the underlying issue of orthostatic hypotension.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered a medical emergency?&#10;A)Dyspnea at rest&#10;B)Dyspnea on exertion&#10;C)Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea&#10;D)Orthopnea

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea at rest is considered a medical emergency as it indicates severe respiratory distress and the need for immediate medical attention to prevent further complications.

Question 9

Hypertension is most commonly associated with which heart sound?&#10;A)Pericardial friction rub&#10;B)Atrial gallop&#10;C)Ventricular gallop&#10;D)Murmur

Accepted Answer

Hypertension is most commonly associated with an atrial gallop, also known as an S4 heart sound, due to the increased resistance to ventricular filling.

Question 10

Ejection fraction of less than 55% indicates a decrease of function of which heart chamber?&#10;A)Right atria&#10;B)Left atria&#10;C)Right ventricle&#10;D)Left ventricle

Accepted Answer

Ejection fraction refers to the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart's left ventricle with each heartbeat. A decrease in ejection fraction indicates the left ventricle is not functioning properly, as it cannot pump out a sufficient amount of blood.

Question 11

Heart sounds are indicative of which of the following events?&#10;A)Atrial contraction&#10;B)Ventricular contraction&#10;C)Valvular opening&#10;D)Valvular closing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heart sounds are indicative of which of...

Question 12

Impaired diastolic function may result from&#10;A)hypertension.&#10;B)chemotherapy.&#10;C)viral cardiomyopathy.&#10;D)myocardial injury.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Impaired diastolic function may result from&#10;A)hypertension.&#10;B)chemotherapy.&#10;C)viral cardiomyopathy.&#10;D)myocardial...

Question 13

Stroke volume will increase with which of the following?&#10;A)Increased preload&#10;B)Decreased contractility&#10;C)Increased afterload&#10;D)Decreased ejection fraction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stroke volume will increase with which of...

Question 14

A patient with a heart transplant relies on which neurohormonal presence to increase heart rate and contractility during exercise?&#10;A)Noradrenaline&#10;B)Epinephrine&#10;C)Catecholamine&#10;D)Dopamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with a heart transplant relies...

Question 15

The point of maximal impulse is the best ausculatory point of contraction of which heart chamber?&#10;A)Right atrium&#10;B)Left atrium&#10;C)Right ventricle&#10;D)Left ventricle

Accepted Answer

The answer of The point of maximal impulse is the...

Question 16

The most appropriate time to perform an initial exercise tolerance test after an uncomplicated myocardial infarction is&#10;A)2 weeks.&#10;B)6 weeks.&#10;C)10 weeks.&#10;D)14 weeks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most appropriate time to perform an...

Deck 16: Heart Disease