Deck 33: Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs

Question 1

Certain antibacterial drugs such as trimethoprim and the sulfonamide drugs (e.g. ,sulfadiazine [Silvadene],sulfamethoxazole [Thiosulfil Forte])selectively inhibit the synthesis and function of nucleic acids and certain essential amino acids by impairing the production of ______ in bacterial cells.

A)ATP
B)glucose
C)folic acid
D)fatty acids
E)mitochondria

Answer 1

folic acid

Question 2

Aminoglycosides,erythromycin,tetracyclines,and several other antibacterial drugs affect the function of the bacterial _______,thereby impairing______ in the bacterial cell.

A)nucleus;messenger RNA transcription
B)ribosome;messenger RNA translation
C)membrane;active transport
D)ribosome;passive diffusion
E)nucleus;messenger RNA translation

Answer 2

ribosome;messenger RNA translation

Question 3

Rehabilitation interventions that use ultraviolet irradiation (UV light)should be used cautiously in people taking antibacterial drugs because antibacterial drugs may cause:

A)pulmonary edema.
B)photosensitivity.
C)renal failure.
D)tendinopathy.
E)rhabdomyolysis.

Answer 3

photosensitivity.

Question 4

Tendon pain and inflammation (tendinopathy),which can be severe and ultimately lead to tendon rupture,may be caused by:

A)penicillins.
B)tetracyclines.
C)vancomycin.
D)aminoglycosides such as gentamicin (Garamycin)and streptomycin (generic).
E)fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin (Floxin).

Question 5

Beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanate,sulbactam,and tazobactam are typically combined with a specific type of penicillin to

A)increase the absorption of penicillin from the gastrointestinal tract
B)enhance the penetration of penicillin into the bacterial cell
C)prevent the beta-lactamase enzyme from destroying the penicillin
D)prevent excessive excretion of the penicillin from the kidneys (i.e. ,more penicillin is retained in the body).
E)none of the above

Question 6

Bacteria can become resistant to antibacterial drugs by:

A)developing enzymes that destroy the drug.
B)modifying or masking the site where the antibacterial drug typically binds on or within the bacterial cell.
C)modifying the bacterial enzymes normally targeted by the drug.
D)developing drug efflux pumps that expel the drug from the bacterial cell.
E)all of the above

Question 7

Penicillin,cephalosporins,and several other commonly used antibacterial drugs exert their antibacterial effects by inhibiting the function of ______,which results in impaired production of _________ that are essential for normal membrane structure and function.

A)folic acid;nucleic acids
B)penicillin-binding proteins;ribosomes
C)folic acid;ribosomes
D)penicillin-binding proteins;peptidoglycans
E)nucleic acids;folic acids

Question 8

Antibacterial drugs work by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT the inhibition of:

A)bacterial intracellular calcium release.
B)bacterial cell wall synthesis and function.
C)bacterial protein synthesis.
D)bacterial nucleic acid synthesis.
E)none of the above;antibacterial drugs use all the mechanisms listed.