Deck 6: Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology

Question 1

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
What restorative material is present on the mandibular right first molar?

A)Stainless-steel crown
B)Full-metal crown
C)Large MODBL amalgam
D)Porcelain jacket crown
E)Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown

Answer 1

Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown

Question 2

What is the annual effective dose of radiation from all sources to a member of the U.S. population?

A)3.2 millisieverts (mSv)
B)4.2 mSv
C)5.2 mSv
D)6.2 mSv
E)7.2 mSv

Answer 2

6.2 mSv

Question 3

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
Which of the following teeth exhibits suspected caries?

A)Right maxillary first molar
B)Right maxillary canine
C)Left maxillary first premolar
D)Left mandibular canine
E)Right mandibular second molar

Answer 3

Right maxillary first molar

Question 4

When increased, which of the following would best increase the number of electrons flowing through the dental x-ray electrical circuit?

A)Impulses
B)Kilovoltage
C)Milliamperage
D)Length of the position-indicating device (PID)

Question 5

The cathode provides the source of electrons to the x-ray machine because the negative side of the vacuum tube is composed of a focusing cup and filament.

A)Both the statement and reason are correct and related
B)Both the statement and reason are correct but not related
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is not
D)The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
E)Neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Question 6

Which of the following constitutes the greatest percentage of overall exposure to the U.S. population?

A)Radon gas
B)Terrestrial sources
C)Cosmic radiation from outer space
D)Medical or dental radiographs
E)Consumer products

Question 7

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
What is the most likely reason for the shortened appearance of the roots of the maxillary central and lateral incisors?

A)Use of the bisecting instead of the paralleling technique
B)External resorption possibly linked to the orthodontic movement of teeth
C)A development anomaly that caused incomplete root formation
D)Incorrect positioning that caused the roots to be located outside of the focus layer
E)Supereruption that resulted when painful TMD impeded the client's ability to occlude normally

Question 8

What is the duration of an impulse setting of 20?

A)Second
B)SEcond
C)second
D)1/3 second
E)SECOND

Question 9

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
Each of the following is a possible cause of the radiographic error noted in the left mandible premolar periapical radiograph EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

A)Movement of the tube head during exposure
B)Image receptor not placed parallel to the embrasures of the teeth of interest
C)Central ray of the x-ray beam not directed perpendicular to the image receptor
D)Image receptor positioned too anteriorly
E)Malpositioned or crowded teeth

Question 10

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
What is the most likely interpretation of the small radiolucency near the apex of the maxillary right first premolar, as identified by the arrow?

A)Periapical abscess
B)Periodontal abscess
C)Incisive foramen
D)Infraorbital foramen
E)Nutrient canal and foramen

Question 11

Decreasing the voltage decreases the force that moves the electrons along an electrical conductor BECAUSE amperage is the measurement of the number of electrons flowing in an electrical circuit.

A)Both the statement and reason are correct and related
B)Both the statement and reason are correct but not related
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is not
D)The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
E)Neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Question 12

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
To correct the error that rendered the right mandible premolar periapical radiograph undiagnostic, shift the tube head so that the x-ray beam intersects with the image receptor from the:

A)Mesial aspect
B)Distal aspect
C)Occlusal aspect
D)Apical aspect

Question 13

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
What is the most likely interpretation of the radiolucency near the apex of the maxillary left canine, as identified by the arrow?

A)Cyst
B)Granuloma
C)Periapical abscess
D)Maxillary sinus
E)Nasal cavity

Question 14

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
Which one of the following lists correctly identifies all mandibular teeth restored with composite material?

A)Right first and second molars and right first and second premolars
B)Right first and second molars and right first and second premolars, and left first, second, and third molars
C)Left first and second molars and left first and second premolars
D)Right first and second molars and left first, second, and third molars
E)Right first and second molars and left first, second, and third molars, and left first and second premolars

Question 15

Each of the following is required for the controlled production of x-radiation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Target
B)Source of free electrons
C)High voltage
D)Vacuum
E)Radioactive material

Question 16

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
The process by which x-ray energy removes an orbital electron from an atom to yield an ion pair is called:

A)Diffraction
B)Rectification
C)Transformation
D)Ionization
E)Irradiation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes how x-rays are actually produced within the dental x-ray tube?

A)Radioactive particulate matter undergoes controlled disintegration
B)Electric current passes through an oil mixture releasing electrons
C)Low-milliamperage current is transformed to high-kilovoltage current
D)High-speed electrons collide with target material electrons

Question 18

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
Which of the following regions exhibits periodontal bone loss?

A)Maxillary right posterior quadrant
B)Maxillary anterior sextant
C)Mandibular left poster quadrant
D)Mandibular anterior sextant
E)Mandibular right quadrant

Question 19

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
What is the most likely interpretation of the radiopaque line superimposed across the mandibular left third molar, as identified by the arrow?

A)Oblique ridge
B)Mylohyoid line
C)Buccal or lingual boney plate
D)Cervical burnout
E)Bent film

Question 20

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
This 54-year-old female is undergoing orthodontic therapy in response to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The maxillary orthodontic appliances were placed 18 months ago after an examination revealed various issues with malocclusion that were contributing to her chief complaint of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and "sore jaws." (See Figure 6-31.)
The radiographer considers the overlapping noted in the left maxillary molar periapical radiograph acceptable because it is the result of:

A)Bisecting technique
B)Disto-oblique periapical technique
C)Tube-shift method of localization
D)Transcranial technique

Question 21

The effect of radiation-induced biological changes in future generations resulting from excessive radiation exposure of reproductive cells is termed:

A)Acute effect
B)Chronic effect
C)Genetic effect
D)Latent effect
E)Somatic effect

Question 22

A direct digital imaging system needs each of the following to produce an image EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Sensor
B)Scanner
C)Computer
D)X-ray machine
E)Specialized software

Question 23

With all other variables remaining constant, an increase in kilovoltage will:

A)Decrease the radiographic density and decrease the radiographic contrast
B)Increase the radiographic density and decrease the radiographic contrast
C)Decrease the radiographic density and increase the radiographic contrast
D)Increase the radiographic density and increase the radiographic contrast

Question 24

In the darkroom, to aseptically remove films from a contaminated double-film packet, the clinician should tear open the packet and:

A)Hold the films by the edges to pull from the packet to carefully separate
B)Grasp the black-paper tab and pull straight out, allowing the films to fall free of the packet onto a paper towel on the counter
C)Remove the lead foil first to better access the films for removal from the packet
D)Peel back the front and back sides of the packet exposing the films to allow for separation

Question 25

For an occupationally exposed individual, the whole body annual maximum permissible dose is:

A)0.5 mSv
B)5 mSv
C)50 mSv
D)500 mSv
E)5,000 mSv

Question 26

What theory of radiation damage to cells results from free radicals combining to form toxins such as hydrogen peroxide?

A)Molecular
B)Primary
C)Secondary
D)Direct
E)Indirect

Question 27

Each of the following is true regarding digital radiography EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Initial setup costs can be expensive, but long-term costs may be less than for film-based radiography
B)Provides an immediate image on a computer monitor, ready to be evaluated within seconds of exposure
C)Requires that x-ray machines used with film-based radiography be digitized to be compatible
D)Image sensors are available in sizes that correspond approximately to conventional film sizes
E)Images may be manipulated through the use of computer software for enhanced interpretation

Question 28

Each of the following should be documented in the client's record when providing radiographic services EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Patient's informed consent
B)X-ray unit used for the exposures
C)Interpretative results
D)Reason for exposure (assessment of need)
E)Number and type of radiographs exposed

Question 29

The purpose of the lead foil in the film packet is to:

A)Control latent image formation
B)Protect the film from accidental light leaks
C)Absorb back-scattered x-rays to reduce film fogging
D)Eliminate the need for an intensifying screen

Question 30

Tissues have the capacity to repair radiation damage to a certain degree. However, some damage cannot be repaired and remains weakened, especially with repeated exposures. This is called:

A)A critical organ
B)Radioresistant tissue
C)Cumulative effect
D)Stochastic effect
E)Long-term effect

Question 31

To maintain infection control following use intraorally, a digital sensor should be:

A)Packaged for steam sterilization and autoclaved
B)Cleaned in an ultrasonic unit with detergent
C)Decontaminated with soap and water
D)Wiped with an Environment Protection Agency (EPA)-accepted disinfectant
E)Immersed in a high-level disinfectant or chemical sterilant

Question 32

Radiolucent images represent dense anatomy BECAUSE structures with a high atomic weight attenuate more energy from the x-ray beam.

A)Both the statement and reason are correct and related
B)Both the statement and reason are correct but not related
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is not
D)The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
E)Neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Question 33

Film speed is dependent on the:

A)Size and number of the crystals within the emulsion
B)Number of films inside the packet
C)Unit exposure settings selected
D)Temperature of the developing solution
E)Thickness of the gelatine

Question 34

Each of the following is an interaction of x-rays with matter EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)The x-ray photon may be converted to a positive charge
B)The x-ray photon may pass through without interaction
C)The x-ray photon may be deflected from its path
D)The x-ray photon may become scatter radiation
E)The x-ray photon may be completely absorbed

Question 35

Using a milliampere (mA) setting of 10 with an exposure time of 1.5 seconds equals 15 milliampere-seconds (mAs). If you increase the mA setting to 15, to obtain an image of equal density, how many second(s) of exposure time should be used?

A)0.25
B)0.5
C)1.0
D)2.0
E)2.5

Question 36

Whole body radiation induced biological damage is influenced by each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Dose rate
B)Dose amount
C)Type of radiation
D)Size of irradiated area
E)Type of electrical current

Question 37

Which of the following terms describes the conversion of kinetic energy into x-ray energy by the sudden stopping or deceleration of a fast moving electron?

A)α-radiation
B)General (bremsstrahlung) radiation
C)Characteristic radiation
D)Particulate radiation

Question 38

According to the factors that determine radiation injury, on the basis of age, who is the most radiosensitive?

A)6-year-old child
B)16-year-old adolescent
C)26-year-old young adult
D)46-year-old middle-aged adult
E)66-year-old senior adult

Question 39

On the basis of the Selection Criteria guidelines, what is the radiographic recommendation for bitewing radiographs on an adult recall patient with no clinical caries and no high-risk factors for caries?

A)Every 6 to 12 months
B)Every 12 to 18 months
C)Every 18 to 24 months
D)Every 24 to 36 months
E)Every 36 to 48 months

Question 40

The principle of the National Committee on Radiation Protection to keep exposure low, based on the idea that all radiation, no matter how small the dose, may cause adverse biological effects is called:

A)Coulomb per kilogram
B)Nonstochastic effect
C)Threshold policy
D)ALARA concept
E)Risk management

Question 41

Following irradiation, the latent-image-containing silver bromide crystals are converted to black metallic silver by:

A)Water
B)Acetic acid
C)Sodium thiosulfate
D)Potassium alum
E)Hydroquinone

Question 42

An unsharp image results from each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Large focal spot
B)Long object-image receptor distance
C)Short target-image receptor distance
D)Movement of x-ray tube head during exposure
E)Small silver halide crystal size within the film emulsion

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding the bisecting technique?

A)Less likely to cause image distortion
B)Decreased radiation exposure to the client
C)Shorter exposure times required
D)Increased client comfort during image receptor placement
E)Easy standardization of subsequent radiographs taken at different appointments

Question 44

At a distance of 2 feet from the x-ray tube head, the exposure intensity is 16 coulomb (C) per kilogram (kg). What would the intensity be at a distance of 4 feet away?

A)4 C/kg
B)8 C/kg
C)24 C/kg
D)32 C/kg
E)64 C/kg

Question 45

In panoramic radiography, the horseshoe-shaped zone of sharpness where an object would be imaged in acceptable detail is called the:

A)Rotation center
B)Ghost image
C)Scatter guard
D)Focal trough
E)Head positioner

Question 46

Until ready for use, unexposed radiographic films should be stored:

A)In a cool and dry area in the original manufacture's packaging
B)In the darkroom with the processing chemicals
C)Near the x-ray unit where radiographs will be exposed
D)In the sterilization room with other oral hygiene materials and supplies

Question 47

When mounting intraoral radiographs according to the labial mounting method, which of the following is true?

A)The embossed dot is convex.The viewer orientation is from behind the client
B)The embossed dot is convex.The viewer orientation is facing the client
C)The embossed dot is concave.The viewer orientation is from behind the client
D)The embossed dot is concave.The viewer orientation is facing the client

Question 48

The best rationale for taking vertical bitewing radiographs is that vertical bitewings:

A)Result in less overlapping than horizontal bitewing radiographs
B)Image more alveolar bone than horizontal bitewing radiographs
C)Eliminate the need for periapical radiographs
D)Are more easily tolerated by the client

Question 49

The coin test is used to monitor darkroom safelight conditions. When an image of the coin appears on the radiograph, the safelight is effective.

A)Both statements are true
B)Both statements are false
C)The first statement is true, and the second is false
D)The first statement is false, and the second is true