Deck 20: Community Oral Health Planning and Practice

Question 1

What would be the first step in conducting this program?

A)Develop a lesson plan for the educational session for the pregnant teens
B)Meet with the people involved to determine program goals and objectives
C)Plan an educational presentation for the day-care children
D)Request funding for oral hygiene supplies from the local health department
E)Select teaching strategies for the educational program

Answer 1

Meet with the people involved to determine program goals and objectives

Question 2

Which index would be BEST to determine the rate of pregnancy gingivitis in this population?

A)CPI
B)CPITN
C)GI
D)PSR

Answer 2

GI

Question 3

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
Which of the following is the MOST precise instructional objective for the seminar?

A)Residents will be able to explain the systemic-oral health connection
B)Residents will be able to demonstrate correct toothbrushing, flossing, and use of other aids on a typodont
C)Residents will be able to list in the correct order all steps of oral cancer self-assessment as they were presented in the seminar
D)Residents will understand the importance of daily oral hygiene

Answer 3

Residents will be able to list in the correct order all steps of oral cancer self-assessment as they were presented in the seminar

Question 4

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
What level of oral hygiene is revealed by the mean PlI?

A)No plaque present
B)Slight plaque present
C)Moderate plaque present
D)Severe plaque present
E)Cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 5

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
What is the BEST interpretation of the reported CPI score of 3.1?

A)The average score of the population was 3.1
B)The majority of scores were within 3.1 of the mean
C)The middle score was 3.1
D)The most commonly occurring score was 3.1
E)The range of scores was 0 to 3.1

Question 6

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
All of the following are established potential risk factors for root caries in this population EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Diabetes and heart disease
B)Medications
C)Plaque biofilm accumulation
D)Smoking
E)Xerostomia

Question 7

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
Which of the following programs should be planned to address one of the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for this target population?

A)Denture marking and educational presentation on denture care
B)Oral cancer screening and referral, as needed
C)Referral to a Medicaid provider for dental treatment
D)Screening of periodontal condition and referral, as needed
E)Treatment with fluoride varnish to control dentinal hypersensitivity

Question 8

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
What type of study is represented by evaluating the change of knowledge as a result of the educational component?

A)Case control
B)Correlational
C)Pretest/post-test
D)Time series

Question 9

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
What is the first line of defense to prevent future caries in this population?

A)Daily exposure to low-dose topical fluoride
B)High-concentration professional fluoride applications every 6 months
C)Pit-and-fissure sealants
D)Water fluoridation

Question 10

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
What change in the DMFT scores would indicate that the needs are being met 5 years after implementation of a program?

A)A decrease in the total DMFT score
B)A decrease in D, increase in F, and no change in M
C)An increase in F, decrease in M, and no change in D
D)An increase in F, increase in M, and no change in D

Question 11

How much additional fluoride would be required to bring the fluoride concentration of the water supply to the optimal level?

A)0.7 ppm F
B)1 ppm F
C)0.4 to 0.9 ppm F
D)0.7 to 1.2 ppm F

Question 12

Which of the following roles of the dental hygienist is illustrated by this activity?

A)Administrator
B)Advocate
C)Clinician
D)Educator

Question 13

Which of the following agencies would be the BEST resource for program planning for this population?

A)National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center
B)U.S.Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Center for Medicare and Medicaid
C)U.S.Public Health Service
D)U.S.DHHS Human Resources and Services Administration

Question 14

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
Which step of program planning is BEST represented when the hygienist conducts the oral screenings for this program?

A)Analysis of needs
B)Collection of data
C)Determination of priorities
D)Implementation strategy development
E)Program evaluation

Question 15

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
What relationship does the correlation between the RCI and PlI demonstrate between root caries and plaque biofilm in this target population?

A)Moderate positive
B)Strong negative
C)Strong positive
D)Weak negative
E)Weak positive

Question 16

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
How can you determine the caregivers' compliance with providing daily oral hygiene care for the residents?

A)Assess a change in the values of caregivers by conducting focus groups
B)Assess the caregivers' knowledge with a post-test
C)Measure the plaque and gingivitis scores of residents over time
D)Observe the caregivers' ability to brush correctly at the last session
E)Survey the beliefs and attitudes of caregivers with a questionnaire

Question 17

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
After a program is in place, the oral health indicators are monitored for 5 years. Which term BEST describes any new dental caries resulting in an increase in DMFT 5 years later?

A)Count
B)Incidence
C)Prevalence
D)Proportion
E)Rate

Question 18

Use Testlet C to answer The Following questions
TESTLET c
A public health dental hygienist has been contacted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low SES, is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession.
Which sampling technique would be BEST to use to ensure a representative sample for this target population?

A)Convenience sampling
B)Judgmental or purposive sampling
C)Random sampling
D)Stratified random sampling
E)Systematic random sampling

Question 19

Use Testlet B to answer The Following questions
TESTLET b
The director of the Vintage Retirement Center contacts the local dental hygienists' society to provide a seminar on oral health. The facility has a population of 100 well residents between the ages of 60 and 78 years who have a middle SES. Twenty percent of the residents are edentulous, and the remaining 80% have varying numbers of teeth present. The oral health assessment results revealed a mean PlI of 2.1, mean DMFT of 5.2, mean D of 0, RCI of 2.1, and untreated root caries of 1.5. Correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r 0.81 for the relationship between the RCI and PlI in this group. Seventy percent of the residents have a dental home and report having regular dental care. Less than 10% of them report mild signs and symptoms of xerostomia.
All of the following preventive programs are indicated by the assessment results EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Educational presentation on basic oral hygiene
B)Referral for restorative treatment
C)Use of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse daily
D)Daily use of a higher concentration fluoride dentifrice

Question 20

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
Which of the following would be an effective teaching strategy to raise the caregivers' value of oral hygiene?

A)Demonstrate proper oral hygiene procedures
B)Lecture on the importance of oral hygiene
C)Show them pictures of oral cancer
D)Train them in personal oral hygiene skills

Question 21

Use Testlet E to answer The Following questions
TESTLET E
A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurses in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI.
On the basis of the baseline OHI-S scores, the dental hygiene students present oral hygiene education programs to the Head Start children, staff, and parents. Which index would be appropriate to evaluate the improvement in the children's oral hygiene as a result of these programs?

A)OHI-S
B)PHP
C)PlI
D)Any of the above would be appropriate

Question 22

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
What type of data are being collected with the screening?

A)Qualitative and primary
B)Qualitative and secondary
C)Quantitative and primary
D)Quantitative and secondary

Question 23

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
What would have been the BEST index to identify the reported decay rate?

A)Basic Screening Survey (BSS)
B)deft
C)DMFT
D)RCI

Question 24

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
Which of the following would be the BEST use of the dental hygienist in this program?

A)Conduct an educational program over daily oral hygiene care for the residents
B)Make available dental hygiene services for the residents using portable equipment
C)Present an in-service training program to the nursing home staff
D)Provide daily oral hygiene care for the residents in their rooms

Question 25

Use Testlet E to answer The Following questions
TESTLET E
A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurses in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI.
Which of the following is indicated by the e component of the def index as used in this program?

A)A decayed surface
B)A decayed tooth
C)A tooth that needs to be extracted because of the severity of decay
D)A tooth that has been extracted because of decay
E)A tooth that has naturally exfoliated

Question 26

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
Which of the following is an ethical responsibility of the students and faculty who are implementing this program?

A)Communicate oral findings to the staff of the facility
B)Prepare a formal report of findings to submit to the health department
C)Refer clients who have suspicious lesions identified during the program
D)Take the dentures back to the dental hygiene clinic to clean them more thoroughly

Question 27

Use Testlet E to answer The Following questions
TESTLET E
A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurses in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI.
All of the following EXCEPT one would be an appropriate source of funding for this program. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)CHIP
B)Head Start grant
C)Medicare
D)Medicaid
E)Private funding from a local foundation

Question 28

Use Testlet E to answer The Following questions
TESTLET E
A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurses in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI.
At an informational meeting, the dental hygiene coordinator introduces the goal of the program to the Head Start family advocates. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate to explain during this session?

A)The benefits of community water fluoridation
B)The cause of early childhood caries
C)The effectiveness of daily brushing
D)The value of healthy food choices

Question 29

Use Testlet E to answer The Following questions
TESTLET E
A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurses in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI.
Which preventive program is indicated for this target population?

A)Distribution of fluoridated dentifrice
B)Fluoride varnish
C)Pit-and-fissure sealants
D)Water fluoridation

Question 30

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
What is the BEST method of evaluating the caregivers' ability to conduct oral cancer screening on completion of the educational program?

A)Administer a post-test over the cancer screening procedure
B)Interview the residents about the caregivers' technique
C)Observe the caregivers conducting oral cancer screening
D)Survey the family members about the caregivers' technique

Question 31

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
The next class of students volunteers to repeat the program with a new group of campers. The students decide to request that Camp Sunshine provide funding for supplies to conduct the program. They prepare a proposal to submit to the camp director. What is the BEST way for the students to communicate the positive quantitative outcomes of the previous program to the camp director in an easy-to-understand format?

A)Discuss the results at a meeting in which they provide a written proposal of the funding request
B)Include in the written proposal a list of the campers with their baseline and post-test cleanliness scores
C)Include in the written proposal tables and graphs that summarize the pretest and post-test denture cleanliness data
D)Write a few paragraphs in the proposal that describe the statistical analysis of the pretest and post-test denture cleanliness data

Question 32

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
The success of the program is evaluated by screening the residents again a year later to identify any lesions that have not been found previously. What type of study would this exemplify?

A)Cross-over
B)Prospective
C)Retrospective
D)Time series

Question 33

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
What is the BEST teaching method for this program?

A)Demonstration
B)Guided practice
C)Lecture
D)A video presentation

Question 34

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
What would be the BEST measure of the success of the program?

A)Administrative support for the program
B)Improved oral health indicators of the residents
C)Increased availability of oral hygiene supplies for use by the residents
D)Increased oral health knowledge of the staff

Question 35

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
Which of the following is a required action for this program?

A)Phone call to each family to describe the program
B)Presence of a dentist while the fluoride varnish is placed by hygienists
C)Radiographs before placing sealants
D)Written informed consent form signed by parents or legal guardians of all children who participate

Question 36

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
The program had to be rescheduled because of a sudden increase in absences from the camp-a large number of participants came down with the flu that week. Which of the following terms BEST describes this flu situation?

A)Cluster
B)Endemic
C)Epidemic
D)Occurrence
E)Pandemic

Question 37

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
What assessment classification is done with preschoolers and grade K in this program?

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 38

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
What is the purpose of the screening for denture cleanliness?

A)To collect data requested by the Camp Sunshine administrative staff
B)To give students practice in the techniques of screening
C)To individualize the education provided
D)To motivate the clients

Question 39

Use Testlet F to answer The Following questions
TESTLET F
Dental hygiene students from a local program visit a geriatric day care called Camp Sunshine to implement a service learning project. These campers are functionally independent, although they are medically compromised. Under faculty supervision, the students screen the seniors to identify denture cleanliness and teach them how to clean their dentures daily. The goals are to improve their oral health by cleaning their dentures or partial dentures, increase their awareness of the need for daily oral care, and empower them to clean their dentures. The students compute the mean scores of the denture cleanliness measure for future evaluation of the program outcomes.
To evaluate the success of the program, the students return in 6 months to measure denture cleanliness. What statistic would be used to compare the mean baseline and post-test scores of denture cleanliness?

A)Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
B)Chi-square
C)Correlation coefficient
D)t test

Question 40

Use Testlet D to answer The Following questions
TESTLET D
The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. Currently, a registered nurse is performing the intake oral examination, and the nursing home has an "on call" dentist. The majority of residents are partially edentulous, have partial removable dentures, and require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. On the basis of these observations, the dental hygienist determines to carry out oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all residents and introduce an educational component to be used by the facility's caregivers and interested family members. Flashlights, disposable mouth mirrors, masks, gloves, protective eyewear, and 2 × 2 gauze are required for the screening. The educational component will consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions and will focus on knowledge of the risk of oral cancer, the benefits of periodic oral screenings, recognition of signs and symptoms of common oral lesions, daily oral hygiene care, and other oral health procedures to meet the needs of the residents. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge.
If the data reveal lesions that have not been identified previously, the dental hygienist plans to work with the director of nursing to establish a new protocol for routine oral cancer screening by the registered nurses on staff. What core public health function would this exemplify?

A)Assessment
B)Assurance
C)Policy development
D)Tertiary prevention

Question 41

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
What is the basis for deciding to target this school with this program?

A)Convenience
B)Cultural diversity of the school
C)Random selection of the school
D)SES of the children in the school

Question 42

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
Which factor should be considered to determine the optimal level of water fluoridation for this community?

A)Children's decay rate
B)SES of the target population
C)The average daily air temperature
D)The brand of dentifrice used by the population
E)The current level of fluoride in the water supply

Question 43

Use Testlet H to answer The Following questions
TESTLET H
A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for a dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. As a result of this, the community is not classified a dental manpower shortage area. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies.
On the basis of the results of the survey, which health education theory is indicated as the foundation for an oral health education intervention to improve compliance with the dental referral?

A)Health Belief Model
B)Learning Ladder
C)Social Cognitive Theory
D)Theory of Reasoned Action
E)Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change

Question 44

Use Testlet H to answer The Following questions
TESTLET H
A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for a dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. As a result of this, the community is not classified a dental manpower shortage area. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies.
Which characteristic of public health is exemplified by the dental referral by the medical clinic?

A)Application of biostatistics to analyze population health problems
B)Community rather than the individual as the client
C)Multi-disciplinary team approach to solving public health problems
D)Social responsibility for oral health

Question 45

Use Testlet H to answer The Following questions
TESTLET H
A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for a dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. As a result of this, the community is not classified a dental manpower shortage area. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies.
Lack of compliance with the dental referral could be a result of all the following factors EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Cost of dental care
B)Lack of available appointments
C)Lack of transportation to the dental clinic
D)Low dentist-to-population ratio

Question 46

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
The same education materials can be used with participants in the other schools in the district BECAUSE the cultural diversity of this population represents the cultural diversity of the general population of the United States

A)Both the statement and reason are correct and related
B)Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
D)The statement is NOT correct but the reason is correct
E)NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct

Question 47

Use Testlet H to answer The Following questions
TESTLET H
A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for a dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. As a result of this, the community is not classified a dental manpower shortage area. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies.
Which would be the BEST intervention to implement first to increase compliance with the dental referral?

A)Conduct a mailing program to remind pregnant women to schedule an appointment for a dental examination
B)Develop an oral health screening program to be implemented during prenatal care visits
C)Develop written educational materials for distribution during prenatal visits
D)Document the oral condition of the women who have complied and received a dental examination
E)Plan an educational presentation for the pregnant women on the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes

Question 48

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
What would be the first step to organize a fluoridation campaign for this community?

A)Contact key community leaders to obtain a broad base of support for fluoridation
B)Organize a massive community educational program about the benefits and safety of fluoridation
C)Schedule a referendum to allow the citizens to express their opinion about fluoridation
D)Testify before the city council to convince them to fluoridate the water

Question 49

Use Testlet H to answer The Following questions
TESTLET H
A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for a dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. As a result of this, the community is not classified a dental manpower shortage area. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies.
For the purpose of discussing the problem and possible solutions, the dental hygienist arranges a meeting of the medical clinic director, the dental clinic director, the medicine man of the Indian tribe, and a dental clinic staff member who is a member of the tribe. Which theory of health promotion is exemplified by this action?

A)Community Organization
B)Diffusion of Innovation
C)Organizational Change
D)Sense of Coherence

Question 50

Use Testlet G to answer The Following questions
TESTLET G
A local dental hygienists' association and a local faith-based organization collaborate to target a school in a nonfluoridated area for a comprehensive oral disease prevention program. The school serves a population that consists of 50% Medicaid-eligible children, and 75% of them are on the school lunch program. The ethnic group representation is 15% Hispanic American, 5% African American, and 80% non-Hispanic white. The community water supply naturally contains 0.3 ppm F. Children in grades 2 and 6 are screened annually by a public health dentist who uses a mirror, an explorer, and dental light. Preschool and grade K children are screened twice a year with a tongue blade and light. Data for 2011 indicate a 20% urgent decay rate across all ages. A sealant program is conducted in grades 2 and 6, and a fluoride varnish program is conducted with the preschoolers and grade K, including two applications annually. A pizza party is planned for each classroom that has a 100% return rate of parental consent forms for the sealant and fluoride varnish programs. Educational presentations are made in classrooms and with parent groups twice a year. Three portable dental units are borrowed from the regional office of the state health department to conduct the program. The program is funded with a grant and staffed with volunteer hygienists and students from a local dental hygiene program.
Which of the following programs has the HIGHEST priority to further meet the needs of this population?

A)Conduct a daily classroom fluoride rinse program
B)Establish dental homes and refer children for treatment
C)Make plans to implement school water fluoridation
D)Plan a health fair for children and their families