Deck 8: Social and Political Philosophy

Question 1

Which two needs does Hobbes believes drive human action?

A) Personal gain and love of others
B) Personal gain and survival
C) Love of others and survival
D) Love of others and desire for peace

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Rousseau was a social contract theorist.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Nozick, what sort of theory of justice does Rawls develop?

A) Formal
B) Patterned
C) Historical
D) Socialist

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hume believed that everyone was equal.

Question 5

Hobbes believed that the authority of the state was justified.

Question 6

Hegel believed that the state was unnatural.

Question 7

Nozick was a welfare liberal.

Question 8

Only governments can conduct wars

Question 9

Zeno rejected Stoicism.

Question 10

Negative rights are rights that protect freedoms of various kinds.

Question 11

Thomas Jefferson was a disciple of

A) Locke
B) Rosseau
C) Hobbes
D) Plato

Question 12

The view that in a just society everyone will be given equal shares of burdens and benefits is

A) Strict egalitarianism
B) Substantive egalitarianism
C) Formal equality
D) Rawlsian equality

Question 13

Pacifists assert that morality applies to the relations between nations.

Question 14

Plato believed that individuals were naturally equal.

Question 15

The view that the wealth that is produced in society belongs to everyone in society is

A) Formal Egalitarianism
B) Substantive egalitarianism
C) Libertarianism
D) Socialism

Question 16

Who said that the state was "prior to the individual"?

A) Rawls
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Bentham

Question 17

What, according to Hobbes, is the "chief end" of men uniting into a commonwealth?

A) Survival
B) Preservation of property
C) Peace
D) Survival of the fittest

Question 18

____________________ ____________________ is the philosophical study of society and its problems.

Question 19

Who held that justice consisted of each person doing the job appropriate to their class?

A) Rawls
B) Sandel
C) Aristotle
D) Plato

Question 20

Who wrote of the "General Will"?

A) Locke
B) Rosseau
C) Hobbes
D) Plato

Question 21

God's decrees for the governance of the universe was termed by Aquinas divine or ____________________ law.

Question 22

Do you believe that liberty is always a good thing for people to have, or not? Explain your answer, and outline what sort of a state it might lead you to endorse.

Question 23

What assumptions about human nature does Rawls make in developing his theory of justice using the artifice of the original position? Do you think that these assumptions are justified, or not? If so, do you think that the principles of justice that Rawls develops are binding on persons who were not in the original position (i.e., us)? Why, or why not? If not, do you think that the inadequacy of these assumptions undercut Rawls' views? Explain and justify your answer.

Question 24

____________________ ____________________ favor limited government.

Question 25

Drawing from the Crito dialogue (discussed in Chapter 1) do you believe that you have any obligation to obey the state? Support your answer by reference to the theories of at least two of the following: Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.

Question 26

Hegel believed that the state was ____________________ ____________________ than the individual.

Question 27

Should there be any limits on what the state can do? Would you answer depend on the circumstances in which the state was acting, with it varying between times of peace, and times of war, for example?

Question 28

Do you believe that the state should provide "public goods"¾goods that can be used by as many people as wish to use them without any diminution in their availability, and which you cannot exclude people from using? (One example of such a good is the light from lighthouses.) If yes, would you force people to pay for these goods through taxation, even if they did not want them? If no, how else could such goods ever be provided, given their nature?

Question 29

Leviathan was written by ____________________.

Question 30

The ____________________ ____________________ claims that there are no relevant differences among people when it comes to justice.

Question 31

Mill's central concern in On Liberty is the freedom of the ____________________.

Question 32

____________________ argues that people should realize their human potential through productive work that exercises their capacities.

Question 33

____________________ ____________________ says that individuals give up certain rights and liberties to the state, which guarantees other rights.

Question 34

Hobbes based his political philosophy on the principles of ____________________ ____________________.