Deck 21: Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following is characteristic of Yersinia pestis infections?

A) petechiae
B) a "bull's-eye" rash
C) jaundice
D) arthritis
E) buboes

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is a means by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades the body's defenses?

A) It has a polysaccharide capsule.
B) It has manganese-containing enzymes.
C) It is capable of antigenic variation.
D) It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins.
E) It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Infection of the lymphatic vessels is known as

A) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
B) bacteremia.
C) lymphangitis.
D) petechiae.
E) recurrent fever.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Francisella can be transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT

A) a tick bite.
B) direct contact with an infected animal.
C) consumption of infected meat.
D) aerosols produced during animal slaughter.
E) direct contact with an infected person.

Question 5

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of which of the following?

A) endocarditis
B) brucellosis
C) Lyme disease
D) malaria
E) septicemia

Question 6

Which of the following diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus is commonly seen in AIDS patients?

A) infectious mononucleosis
B) Burkitt's lymphoma
C) Hodgkin's lymphoma
D) chronic fatigue syndrome
E) oral hairy leukoplakia

Question 7

Whole blood with the formed elements and clotting proteins removed is called

A) plasma.
B) lymph.
C) serum.
D) CSF.
E) axenic.

Question 8

Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A) the aorta
B) the superior vena cava
C) the inferior vena cava
D) the pulmonary arteries
E) capillaries

Question 9

The causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague is

A) Clostridium perfringens.
B) Yersinia pestis.
C) Francisella tularensis.
D) Borrelia burgdorferi.
E) Toxoplasma gondii.

Question 10

A person is brought to the emergency room with constant high fever, extensive edema, low blood pressure, and petechiae. Which of the following may the person be suffering from?

A) septicemia
B) plague
C) Lyme disease
D) brucellosis
E) infectious mononucleosis

Question 11

Vegetations are associated with which of the following disease processes?

A) septicemia
B) endocarditis
C) tularemia
D) plague
E) toxoplasmosis

Question 12

Toxic shock-like syndrome is associated with

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Staphylococcus pyogenes.
C) Streptococcus aureus.
D) Neisseria meningitidis.
E) Escherichia coli.

Question 13

Epstein-Barr virus infections are typically asymptomatic in which of the following groups?

A) the elderly
B) AIDS patients
C) adolescents
D) adults
E) young children

Question 14

Unprotected contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal may result in

A) African sleeping sickness.
B) brucellosis.
C) blackwater fever.
D) Lyme disease.
E) toxoplasmosis.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning Francisella is FALSE?

A) It resists phagocytosis.
B) Humans are its only known host.
C) It is extremely infectious.
D) It cannot be treated with penicillins or cephalosporins.
E) An attenuated vaccine is used for high-risk individuals.

Question 16

Blood is found in which of the following areas of the heart just before it is pumped into the lungs?

A) the left ventricle
B) the right atrium
C) the right ventricle
D) the superior vena cava
E) the left atrium

Question 17

"Black vomit" is associated with which of the following diseases?

A) malaria
B) dengue fever
C) Chagas' disease
D) yellow fever
E) schistosomiasis

Question 18

A bull's-eye rash is associated with infections of which of the following?

A) Francisella tularensis
B) dengue virus
C) Borrelia burgdorferi
D) Epstein-Barr virus
E) Yersinia pestis

Question 19

The chief diagnostic sign of brucellosis is

A) petechiae.
B) jaundice.
C) "bull's eye" rash.
D) fever which recurs at 24 hour intervals.
E) fever which cycles every 72 hours.

Question 20

Which of the following types of bacterial toxins is associated exclusively with Gram-negative bacteria?

A) endotoxin
B) cytotoxin
C) neurotoxin
D) both endotoxin and cytotoxin
E) both cytotoxin and neurotoxin

Question 21

Which of the following is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes?

A) dengue fever
B) yellow fever
C) malaria
D) both dengue fever and yellow fever
E) dengue fever, yellow fever, and malaria

Question 22

"Swimmer's itch" is an initial symptom of which of the following?

A) malaria
B) Lyme disease
C) Chagas' disease
D) tularemia
E) schistosomiasis

Question 23

Historically, physicians have used a procedure called xenodiagnosis to diagnose which of the following diseases?

A) malaria
B) toxoplasmosis
C) yellow fever
D) Chagas' disease
E) schistosomiasis

Question 24

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus.
B) an antibody-antigen complex reaction.
C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus.
D) an autoimmune disease.
E) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus infection.

Question 25

A young woman develops a fever after a recent trip to a Caribbean island. She also experiences severe headache and pain "in the bones." After a few days, she also develops a rash. Which of the following did she most likely contract?

A) yellow fever virus
B) dengue virus
C) malaria
D) Toxoplasma
E) Chagas' disease

Question 26

Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following diseases?

A) plague
B) malaria
C) toxoplasmosis
D) Chagas' disease
E) schistosomiasis

Question 27

Microscopic identification of its spiny eggs is used in the diagnosis of infections caused by

A) Schistosoma.
B) Trypanosoma.
C) Toxoplasma.
D) Plasmodium.
E) Borrelia.

Question 28

Another name for brucellosis is

A) blackwater fever.
B) yellow fever.
C) snail fever.
D) rabbit fever.
E) undulant fever.

Question 29

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which of the following virus types?

A) herpesviruses
B) flaviviruses
C) Epstein-Barr viruses
D) filoviruses
E) rhabdoviruses

Question 30

Which of the following is known to be teratogenic?

A) Epstein-Barr virus
B) cytomegalovirus
C) Plasmodium
D) Borrelia
E) dengue virus

Question 31

Which of the following diseases is a major problem for AIDS patients?

A) Chagas' disease
B) toxoplasmosis
C) hemorrhagic fevers
D) Lyme disease
E) brucellosis

Question 32

An indication of infection with Human herpesvirus 4 is

A) "swimmer's itch."
B) "bull's eye" rash.
C) a bubo.
D) high fever and sore throat.
E) an ulcerating sore.

Question 33

Which of the following statements concerning Toxoplasma infection is correct?

A) It is a rare infection.
B) It is transmitted by biting insects.
C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat.
D) Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts.
E) In most individuals, the infection results in lasting damage to the heart.

Question 34

The normal hosts for Ebola viruses are probably

A) birds.
B) cats.
C) rodents.
D) bats.
E) humans.

Question 35

A large number of people experience a high fever with a rash during the summer months in a small country. Epidemiologists suspect an emerging disease. Both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are endemic to the country. Researchers are able to detect +ssRNA in the blood of fever victims and in some mosquitoes. What type of pathogen might be responsible for the epidemic?

A) a herpesvirus
B) a flavivirus
C) Plasmodium
D) plague bacteria
E) a filovirus

Question 36

Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by which of the following?

A) Triatoma bugs
B) Aedes mosquitoes
C) Ixodes ticks
D) fleas
E) sand flies

Question 37

A young man who is an avid outdoorsman goes to see his doctor complaining of fever with chills, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Blood tests show that he has low levels of leukocytes and platelets. He may have contracted

A) brucellosis.
B) tularemia.
C) Lyme disease.
D) ehrlichiosis.
E) Chagas' disease.

Question 38

Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable in humans?

A) schistosomiasis
B) malaria
C) Lyme disease
D) plague
E) yellow fever

Question 39

Infection with which of the following species of Plasmodium is most likely to be fatal?

A) P. malariae
B) P. vivax
C) P. ovale
D) P. falciparum
E) All of these can cause a fatal infection.

Question 40

Which of the following is the infective form of Trypanosoma cruzi?

A) epimastigotes
B) trypomastigotes
C) pseudocysts
D) amastigotes
E) miricidia

Question 41

When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a painful condition called __________.

Question 42

One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in 1975 was the greater-than-expected incidence of __________ among children.

Question 43

The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the initial body, and the morula.

Question 44

Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with __________, the first antisense RNA drug.

Question 45

Only adult ticks of the genus Ixodes may feed on humans.

Question 46

Vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus may occur in utero or at the time of vaginal birth.

Question 47

Undulant fever is also known as __________.

Question 48

Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the late stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely susceptible.

Question 49

Epstein-Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal because it suppresses __________.

Question 50

Episodes of malaria become more and more severe with each recurrence of symptoms.

Question 51

Bacterial infection of the membrane lining the heart chambers and covering the valves is called __________.

Question 52

Because of their small size, __________ of the tick genus Ixodes most often transmit Lyme disease to humans.

Question 53

Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as cytomegalovirus.

Question 54

Patients with occult septicemia are asymptomatic.

Question 55

Lipid A causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Question 56

Neither bubonic nor pneumonic plague can be spread from person to person.

Question 57

The terms "bacteremia" and "septicemia" are synonymous.

Question 58

Historically, __________ occurred in three great pandemics; the most notable one occurred in 14th-century Europe.

Question 59

The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to __________.

Question 60

A person reports to a clinic complaining of fever and abdominal pain. The abdomen is swollen, and blood tests indicate kidney damage. A stool sample is examined under a microscope and found to contain eggs with a spine projecting from its surface. The indications are consistent with infection with

A) Plasmodium falciparum.
B) Anaplasma phagocytophilium.
C) Schistosoma mansoni.
D) Toxoplasma gondii.
E) Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 61

Compare and contrast dengue hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Discuss both the pathogens and the pathology.

Question 62

Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable hemorrhaging seen in __________ virus and Marburg virus infections. (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Question 63

The genus __________ includes dengue virus and yellow fever virus. (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Question 64

Yellow fever is named for the jaundice caused by the disease's damage to the __________.

Question 65

List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the various forms of the protozoan parasite present in each stage of the disease.

Question 66

How does the age of the infected individual play a role in the development of Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections such as infectious mononucleosis?

Question 67

Another name for Chagas' disease is American __________.

Question 68

Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe some of the factors that can lead to septicemia.

Question 69

The sporogonic cycle of __________ takes place entirely within a mosquito.

Question 70

True bugs in the genus __________ transmit Chagas' disease. (Be sure to use capital letters appropriately.)

Question 71

Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague.