Deck 4: Child Socialization and Techniques

Question 1

Children are able to trust their parents when:

A) they meet the needs of their children,
B) keep promises
C) apologize and say "no" when necessary
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT describe parents views of misbehavior?

A) Children's behavior is labeled as misbehavior when it is unacceptable to parents or other adults.
B) Most parents label as misbehavior the young child's inability to sit still or stand in line for an extended period of time.
C) Some parents regard noncompliance and defiance as misbehavior without consideration of the child's ability or motivation to comply with stated expectations.
D) Some parents consider the child's ability or motivation to comply with stated expectations before labeling those expectations as misbehavior.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT represent Popkin's recommendation regarding ways in which parents should provide encouragement for their children.

A) They should provide encouragement for children's efforts when these efforts result in success
B) They should provide encouragement for children's efforts regardless of whether or not these efforts result in success.
C) They should use words of praise
D) They should focus on children's feelings

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Briggs, the house of self is constructed by developing children from the __________ by important others in their environment, particularly parents.

A) words
B) body language
C) treatment
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following parenting strategies is not designed to prevent children's misbehavior?

A) Logical consequences for unacceptable behavior.
B) Encouragement that shifts parental focus from mistakes to appreciation
C) Motivation of children's behavior through four plus and a wish.
D) Improved communication using I-messages, problem ownership and active listening.

Question 6

An example of messages of parental praise rather than parental encouragement) is:

A) "You must feel proud of yourself."
B) "I'm proud of you."
C) "Well, I guess you feel pretty good about that."
D) "How do you feel about that?"

Question 7

According to Briggs, there are ___________ levels of self-esteem.

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) five

Question 8

According to Briggs, which of the following does NOT help children to be able to trust their parents?

A) When children's real needs are met.
B) When parents' expression of love and acceptance is tied to children's performance.
C) When parents keep their promises.
D) When parents laugh, joke, and play with them.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a parent's use of "four pluses and a wish"?

A) Asking Carlos to put away his toys four times before helping him pick them up.
B) Smiling, saying Carlos' name, going over to where Carlos is, and complimenting him, before requesting that he pick up his toys.
C) Telling Carlos you wish he would pick up his toys and put them away.
D) Instructing Carlos that you are going to start counting and that he should get his toys picked up before you reach 4.

Question 10

Parents who are likely to embrace a "prevention of problems" techniques are those who:

A) Have learned how to use corporal discipline for correcting the behavior of their children.
B) Have higher levels of child acceptance and are more involved with their children.

Question 11

According to Dinkmeyer and McKay, parents can become more encouraging of their children by all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

A) avoiding placing value judgments on them.
B) focusing on the childs' feelings
C) concentrating on the outcome rather than the process.
D) showing confidence in their child's abilities.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the influence of parents on children's self-esteem?

A) Children with high self-esteem have had interactions with parents that have resulted in the belief that their lovability derives from performance that pleases others.
B) Children with mid-level self-esteem have had interactions with parents that contributed to the belief that come to believe that their lovability derives from performance that pleases others.
C) Children with high self-esteem experience unconditional love from their parents.
D) Children with low self-esteem have had interactions with parents that have made them question their lovability.

Question 13

Respectful treatment of children is associated with which type of speech?

A) Supportive
B) Directive
C) Tentative
D) All of the above

Question 14

According to Dreikurs, in their efforts to achieve a sense of belongingness, children often pursue _____________ secondary goals of misbehavior.

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the questions that Briggs recommends that parents ask themselves when examining guidance decisions?

A) Will this approach promote my child's academic achievement?
B) Does this approach encourage my child's sense of self-worth?
C) Does this approach discourage my child's sense of self-worth?
D) Would I like to be my own child?

Question 16

According to Briggs, the chief goal of parenting is to:

A) keep children out of trouble.
B) establish a compatible parent-child relationship.
C) build a strong sense of self-worth in children.
D) help children become self-motivated.

Question 17

Higher levels of self-esteem are associated with lower incidence of :

A) eating disorders
B) depression
C) antisocial disorders
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an example of parental encouragement rather than parental praise)?

A) Look at the progress you've made in putting together that model. You must feel good about that.
B) You really worked hard on that science project and your hard work paid off.
C) You can be proud of yourself.
D) I'm proud of you for getting an A in Reading.

Question 19

According to Dorothy Briggs, in creating an atmosphere of 'psychological safety', parents assist their children with the development of:

A) Self-efficacy through skill building such as learning to tie one's own shoes.
B) Self-esteem through the building of their "house of self."

Question 20

According to Briggs, parents foster their children's self-esteem by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Expressing unconditional love.
B) Connecting to each child with fresh eyes.
C) Using logical consequences.
D) Attending to each child's "particularness."

Question 21

Which of the following is not a challenge that interferes with parents' ability to actively listen to their children?

A) Lack of an affective vocabulary that includes a range of feeling words
B) Lack of an ability to stay focused on the needs of the child.
C) The use of communication roadblocks
D) Parents' lack of interest in what the child is saying

Question 22

The use of communication roadblocks by a parent results in the child feeling as if the parent _____________ what is being said.

A) has not heard
B) is reviewing
C) understands quite well
D) is upset about

Question 23

According to Dreikurs, which of the following is NOT true regarding the underlying goals of children's misbehavior?

A) Children generally are aware of the goals underlying their misbehavior.
B) Parents might learn to recognize those goals by the effects of the misbehavior on others.
C) What a parent is inclined to do in response to a child's behavior generally is consistent with the child's goal underlying that behavior.
D) Parental reactions that correspond to children's goals of misbehavior include giving attention, engaging in power struggles, seeking retaliation, or giving up in despair.

Question 24

If a parent feels hurt by a child's words or other deliberate acts designed to hurt others such as damaging property), the child's goal is probably

A) To gain attention.
B) To gain power.
C) To hurt others revenge).
D) A display of inadequacy

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a communication roadblock?

A) Questioning
B) Sympathizing
C) Ordering
D) Paraphrasing

Question 26

According to Bandura, the likelihood of imitation is increased when parents:

A) Use language to explain what behavior is expected.
B) Demonstrate the expected behavior.
C) Allow opportunities for practice of the behavior.
D) All of the above

Question 27

A three part "I-Message" identifies or conveys

A) Problem ownership, unacceptable behavior, feelings of the sender.
B) Problem ownership, unacceptable behavior, future expectations.
C) Problem blaming, feelings of the sender, future expectations.
D) Problem blaming, unacceptable behavior, immediate behavior expectation.

Question 28

The behaviors children use for achieving belongingness derive from all of the following goals EXCEPT

A) attention
B) assistance
C) power
D) revenge

Question 29

The strategy for preventing misbehavior consists of three parental objectives. Which of the following is NOT one of these objectives?

A) Changing one's response to the child's unacceptable behavior
B) Helping the child to become aware of the of the underlying motive for the behavior
C) Disciplining the child through "time-out's"
D) Helping the child achieve a sense of belonging through more appropriate means

Question 30

When parents use "I messages" to address or prevent problems, it is important that:

A) They have a strong, firm voice tone.
B) They have non-threatening body language.
C) Their message be general, and not specific regarding the behavior in question.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

The concept of misbehavior accounts for a large variation in behavior. Dreikurs maintained that misbehavior is often the result of a child's:

A) Goal of Belongingness.
B) Misconduct.
C) Poor Socialization.
D) High activity level.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of active listening?

A) Active listening contains no actual message of the parent.
B) In the use of active listening, the parent listens to and reflects back in the parent's own words) the feelings of the child as well as the content of the child's message.
C) It is fairly easy to effectively use the skill of active listening and it requires little or no practice.
D) To actively listen to a child, a parent needs to listen carefully while simultaneously attending to the child's voice tone and body language.

Question 33

To actively listen to a child, the parent needs to:

A) Uncover the hidden messages not being addressed by what the child is saying.
B) Parrot back, word for word what the child is saying
C) Explain to the child what he or she is really trying to say
D) Listen carefully to the words, the voice tone, and body language of the child.

Question 34

When parents use the technique of induction, they do all the following EXCEPT:

A) Explain the likely consequences of the child's behavior for the child.
B) Explain the ways in which the child's behaviors affects others.
C) Point out the importance of imitating the appropriate behaviors of others.
D) Promote the child's prosocial behavior.

Question 35

An I message used by a parent to speak to a child includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) The feelings of the parent.
B) A description of the behavior that the parent finds unacceptable.
C) A blameful message to the child.
D) The tangible effect of the child's behavior on the parent.

Question 36

According to Dreikurs, to prevent children's misbehavior, parent should NOT do which of the following:

A) Give attention to their children's misbehavior designed to attract parental.
B) React angrily or lose control in response to their children's behavior.
C) Focus on or expose hurt feelings in response to their children's misbehavior based on the goal of revenge
D) All of the above

Question 37

When the parent owns the problem, an "I message" is used for the purpose of:

A) Explaining the child's responsibility for the feelings the parent is having regarding a particular action or lack of action of the child.
B) Expressing the parent's feelings regarding the child's behavior.
C) Correcting the child's misbehavior.
D) All of the above

Question 38

The first step in problem solving is determining who owns the problems. The person who owns the problem is the one who:

A) Is distressed by the situation.
B) Will be punished if the situation is not resolved.
C) Brings the situation to the attention of the parents.
D) Is causing the most trouble.

Question 39

When parents consistently adopt strategies that assist children in their efforts to feel good about themselves and increase their children's self-esteem there is:

A) General concern that the parents are indulgent with their children.
B) Less resistance from their children.
C) A greater likelihood of children's misbehavior.
D) A decrease in children's cooperative behavior.

Question 40

Children are more likely to select the persons in their environment to serve as models for their own behavior when:

A) They consider those persons to be prestigious.
B) They perceive those persons to be warm and approachable.
C) They find qualities in common with those persons.
D) All of the above

Question 41

Parental ________________ helps children to believe in themselves and their abilities and motivates them to try new things.

Question 42

Children's behavior is labeled _____________ when it is found to be unacceptable by parents or other adults.

Question 43

A technique developed by William Purkey, known as four pluses and a _____________, is an excellent choice for motivating children's cooperation since it contains an affirming exchange that is far more likely to inspire cooperation than is the typical parental command.

Question 44

Children with high self-esteem have experienced _____________ love from their parents.

Question 45

The use of logical consequences does NOT assist parents to _____________,

A) emphasize power-assertion socialization techniques.
B) promote desirable behavior in children.
C) contribute to children's taking responsibility for their behavior.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true of parent-child conflict resolution?

A) This method is used when both the parent and the child have conflicting goals and need to reach a resolution with which both are satisfied.
B) Parents who are committed to an authoritarian parenting approach are less likely to accept the idea of conflict resolution.
C) Parents who are permissive are less likely to use the strategy of conflict resolution.
D) Conflict resolution is a win-lose approach to the resolution of problems.

Question 47

Briggs developed a prevention-of-problems approach to guidance wherein parents are enjoined to create an atmosphere of _____________ for their children.

Question 48

Which of the following factors has NOT been found to be one of the risk factors for parental use of corporal punishment?

A) Children's young age
B) Parental employment
C) Male gender
D) Parents' young age

Question 49

Briggs uses the analogy of "House of __________" to explain how each level of self-esteem is built.

Question 50

The ___________ __________ __ ____________ are mistaken goals whereby events are often misinterpreted, mistaken conclusions are drawn, and faulty decisions are made.

Question 51

When I-Messages are not effective in changing a child's behavior, the next recommended strategy is:

A) Corporal Punishment.
B) Time-Outs.
C) No-Lose Method of Conflict Resolution.
D) Natural Consequences.

Question 52

Asking a child to wipe up milk the child has spilled is an example of which of the following strategies?

A) Natural consequences
B) Logical consequences
C) Punitive consequences
D) Induction

Question 53

The use of punishment as a socialization technique has been shown to have all of the following effects EXCEPT?

A) It decreases children's moral judgment.
B) It decreases children's popularity.
C) It increases children's likelihood of antisocial behaviors.
D) It increases children's feelings of empathy towards others.

Question 54

When a parent says to a child who is running on the sidewalk, "We walk on the sidewalk because if we run on the sidewalk, we might fall down and get hurt," that parent is using
Which of the following strategies?

A) Induction
B) 4- pluses and a wish
C) Modeling
D) Reinforcement

Question 55

It has been found that parents use different types of speech when interacting with their children: supportive, _____________, and negative.

Question 56

According to Dorothy Briggs, children are able to trust their parents when a) their real needs are met, b) parental promises are kept, and c) there is humor in the parent-child relationship, and __________________

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of natural consequences?

A) Jake spills milk on the coffee table and mother hands him paper-towels to wipe up the spill.
B) Tamika pulls the cat's tail and get's scratched on the arm by the cat.
C) After telling Terence he could ride his bike in the driveway or in the backyard, Terence slips out of the driveway into the street. Father comes out and brings Terence and the bike into the backyard and closes the gate.

Question 58

Dreikurs and Soltz referred to children's awareness of their goal of misbehavior as the __________ __________.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT true when parents use 'no-lose' conflict resolution with their children:

A) It enhances the parent child relationship.
B) It fosters a child's self-esteem.
C) It. results in more equitable outcomes solutions than power-assertive methods.
D) Most parents are willing to invest the time to learn the skills required for effective conflict management
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 60

Gordon's no-lose method of conflict resolution is most effective when

A) Children are older and can be reasoned with.
B) Children are younger and can be easily persuaded.
C) Parents are willing to work out mutually-satisfactory solutions to problems
D) Children reach adolescence and able to use abstract thinking.

Question 61

Parental ____________ is a process of observational learning in which the behavior of the parent serves as an example for similar behaviors of the child.

Question 62

_____________ ___________ allows a child to learn from consequences resulting from their own actions.

Question 63

Children with supportive families tend to have higher levels of self-esteem and more positive ____________________.

Question 64

Why did Dreikurs say the "four goals of misbehavior" are mistaken goals?

Question 65

When using a 3-part I-message, the parent takes responsibility for the problem, specifies the behavior of the child that is causing discomfort and identifies the effect of the child's behavior on the _____________?

Question 66

Create a scenario that illustrates the use of the technique "four pluses and a wish."

Question 67

According to SkinnerThe process of using positive ______________ as a socialization strategy is that it is more effective for encouraging acceptable behavior than is punishing disapproved behavior.

Question 68

Despite the fact that what is reinforcing varies from one individual to another and from one time to another, a consequence that is reinforcing for most children, most of the time, is _____________.

Question 69

____________ ____________ allow parents to provide consequences for their children's unacceptable behavior or mistakes that are logically related to their actions.

Question 70

The biggest hurdle to being effective in the use of active listening lies in the parent's tendency to use communication _____________, which stop the free flow of problem sharing.

Question 71

One of the strategies of Thomas Gordon's model of parent-child communication is _____________ listening.

Question 72

The function of parental modeling which occurs when parental behavior serves as a cue for the child's behavior is _______________.

Question 73

_____________ is a parental strategy designed to promote desirable behavior and reduce undesirable behavior in children by increasing their awareness of the likely consequences of their actions for themselves as well as for others.

Question 74

In the process of _____________ the verbal response contains no actual message but rather mirrors back the child's previous expression.

Question 75

If the child expresses a problem to a parent, the communication strategy of _______________is recommended?

Question 76

Children are inclined to ___________ parents who are perceived as warm and approachable.

Question 77

According to Dreikurs, what are the four goals that motivate children's misbehavior?

Question 78

If the parent has a problem with a child's behavior, what technique is used to convey that message?

Question 79

Why does the use of "four pluses and a wish" assist parents in gaining a child's cooperation?

Question 80

A study of parents of adolescents in team sports found that these parents provided ____________ for their children while allowing them to be involved in decision making.