Deck 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Question 1

Acidosis is commonly associated with

A) hyperkalemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) increased neuromuscular excitability.
D) hypocalcemia.

Answer 1

hyperkalemia.

Question 2

The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in blood is 20:1.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Two important renal buffers are

A) NaHCO₃ and hemoglobin.
B) NH₃ and HPO₄²⁺.
C) CO₂ and H₂O.
D) BUN and creatinine.

Answer 3

NH₃ and HPO₄²⁺.

Question 4

Administration of sodium bicarbonate to a patient with acidosis will

A) exacerbate hyperkalemia.
B) enhance release of oxygen from hemoglobin to the tissues.
C) increase formation of carbon dioxide in the blood.
D) decrease ventilatory requirements.

Question 5

A buffer can reversibly bind protons.

Question 6

Loss of upper GI contents (e.g., vomiting) may lead to metabolic acid excess, whereas loss of lower GI contents (e.g., diarrhea) may lead to metabolic acid deficit.

Question 7

A person can have acidosis but not exhibit acidemia.

Question 8

A person with respiratory acidosis can compensate for the disorder by hyperventilating.

Question 9

Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 24 mEq/L.

A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Mixed alkalosis

Question 10

A person who chronically hypoventilates will have a higher than normal concentration of bicarbonate in the blood.

Question 11

Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.19, PaCO₂ = 49 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 18 mEq/L.

A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Mixed acidosis

Question 12

Which of the following arterial blood gases indicates a compensated respiratory acidosis?

A) pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃^- 30
B) pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃^- 28
C) pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 60, HCO₃^- 26
D) pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃^- 24

Question 13

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

A) carbonic acid deficit.
B) metabolic acid deficit.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) carbonic acid excess.

Question 14

Metabolic acidosis is evident on an arterial blood gas sample when both pH and bicarbonate ion are lower than normal.

Question 15

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

A) metabolic alkalosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) mixed acid-base disorders.

Question 16

Administration of sodium bicarbonate to a person with respiratory acidosis is an effective therapy to correct the acidosis.

Question 17

The kidneys are able to convert CO₂ and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

Question 18

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

A) hypoventilation.
B) decreasing arterial carbon dioxide.
C) increasing bicarbonate ion excretion.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 19

Peripheral chemoreceptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries are responsive to changes in arterial pH, PO₂, and PCO₂.

Question 20

In which of the following acid-base disturbances would compensation occur most quickly?

A) Hypoventilation due to CNS depression
B) Cardiopulmonary arrest
C) Acute bronchoconstriction
D) Ketoacidosis

Question 21

A person's arterial blood gases on room air are pH = 7.35, PaCO₂ = 32 mm Hg, and HCO₃^- = 17 mEq/L. What is the correct interpretation?

A) Compensated respiratory alkalosis
B) Compensated metabolic acidosis
C) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 22

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

A) neuromuscular depression.
B) anxiety acidosis.
C) numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D) acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.

Question 23

In which of the following cases would administration of bicarbonate be most appropriate?

A) A person with metabolic acidosis secondary to loss of excessive pancreatic fluids
B) A person with metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis
C) A person with respiratory acidosis
D) A person with combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic alkalosis.
D) metabolic acidosis.

Question 25

The finding of ketones in the urine suggests that a person may have which of the following acid-base disorders?

A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis