Question 1

Liver cancer usually is a primary cancer arising from hepatic cells.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Hepatitis C is a chronic condition in about 85% of cases.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C is considered chronic if the virus remains in the body for more than 6 months. Around 85% of people with hepatitis C develop chronic infection.

Question 3

Hepatitis A is a self-limiting infection that does not have a chronic carrier state.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A is an acute infection that typically resolves within a few weeks to months and does not result in a chronic carrier state.

Question 4

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with&#10;A) an increased indirect serum bilirubin.&#10;B) hemolytic reactions.&#10;C) Gilbert syndrome.&#10;D) hepatitis.

Accepted Answer

In the presence of liver disease,the hepatic fraction of bilirubin decreases and the urinary fraction increases,thus accounting for a rise in urinary urobilinogen seen with liver dysfunction and hepatitis.An increase in indirect serum bilirubin is a sign of liver disease.Hemolytic reactions do not cause an increase in urine bilirubin.Disorders of the bile acid transport will cause an increase in serum bilirubin.

Question 5

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called&#10;A) hepatic encephalopathy.&#10;B) hepatic meningitis.&#10;C) kernicterus.&#10;D) encephalitis.

Accepted Answer

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called kernicterus.

Question 6

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to&#10;A) hepatitis vaccine.&#10;B) feces.&#10;C) blood or semen.&#10;D) contaminated food.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or semen. It may also be passed from mother to child during childbirth, and can be spread through sharing needles or other drug injection equipment. It is not typically transmitted through contaminated food or exposure to the hepatitis B vaccine.

Question 7

Which of the following forms of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?&#10;A) Hepatitis A&#10;B) Hepatitis B&#10;C) Hepatitis C&#10;D) Hepatitis E

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B is primarily spread through exposure to infected blood and bodily fluids, including sexual contact. The other forms of hepatitis are primarily spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water or exposure to infected blood.

Question 8

Hemochromatosis is a common genetic disorder that may lead to chronic liver failure. Which of the following laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?&#10;A) Deficient protease inhibitor&#10;B) Elevated ferritin&#10;C) Elevated urine copper&#10;D) Positive antinuclear antibody

Accepted Answer

Elevated ferritin levels suggest excess iron stores in the body, which is a key feature of hemochromatosis. Deficient protease inhibitor, elevated urine copper, and positive antinuclear antibody are not associated with hemochromatosis.

Question 9

Liver transaminases are increased in the serum when hepatocytes are injured.

Accepted Answer

Liver transaminases, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), are enzymes found within hepatocytes. When the liver is damaged or injured, these enzymes can leak into the bloodstream, causing an increase in serum levels. Therefore, elevated liver transaminases are a common marker of liver injury or disease.

Question 10

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with&#10;A) hyperbilirubinemia.&#10;B) hyperuricemia.&#10;C) toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells.&#10;D) increased blood ammonia levels.

Accepted Answer

Hepatic encephalopathy is commonly associated with increased blood ammonia levels, which occur as a result of liver failure or disease. Ammonia is normally metabolized by the liver, but in liver disease, it accumulates and can cross the blood-brain barrier, causing cognitive impairment and other neurological symptoms. Hyperbilirubinemia (elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood) can also be a symptom of liver disease, but it is not specific to hepatic encephalopathy. Hyperuricemia (elevated levels of uric acid in the blood) is not directly associated with hepatic encephalopathy. While alcohol can certainly have toxic effects on the brain, hepatic encephalopathy specifically refers to neurological symptoms that occur as a result of liver dysfunction.

Question 11

Esophageal varices may develop as a complication of liver disease. Pathophysiologically, this condition can be attributed to&#10;A) elevated bilirubin.&#10;B) diminished protein metabolism.&#10;C) fluid accumulation.&#10;D) portal hypertension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Esophageal varices may develop as a complication...

Question 12

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by a 2:1 ratio is characteristic of&#10;A) viral hepatitis.&#10;B) alcohol-induced injury.&#10;C) cirrhosis.&#10;D) acetaminophen toxicity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase...

Question 13

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen, positive anti-HB core IgM, and negative anti-HB surface IgG should be interpreted as _____ hepatitis B.&#10;A) recovered from .&#10;B) immunity to&#10;C) chronic active&#10;D) acute

Accepted Answer

The answer of A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis...

Question 14

Hepatitis A and hepatitis C are transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hepatitis A and hepatitis C are transmitted...

Question 15

Jaundice is a common manifestation of&#10;A) malabsorption syndromes.&#10;B) anemia.&#10;C) liver disease.&#10;D) cholecystitis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jaundice is a common manifestation of&#10;A) malabsorption...

Deck 38: Liver Diseases