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Deck 29: The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
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Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Coenzyme NAD+ required in the β-oxidation of fatty acids,glycolysis,and the citric acid cycle.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Coenzyme NAD+ required in the β-oxidation of fatty acids,glycolysis,and the citric acid cycle.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pyridoxal phosphate,the cofactor in transaminations.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pyridoxal phosphate,the cofactor in transaminations.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The pathway by which organisms make glucose from simple precursors.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The pathway by which organisms make glucose from simple precursors.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Discoverers of the glycolysis pathway.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Discoverers of the glycolysis pathway.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Common fatty acids have an even number of carbons because they are biosynthesized from _____.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Common fatty acids have an even number of carbons because they are biosynthesized from _____.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetoacetyl CoA is converted into β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetoacetyl CoA is converted into β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The product of the citric acid cycle,which is a reactant in the first step.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The product of the citric acid cycle,which is a reactant in the first step.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.Propose a mechanism for step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.Propose a mechanism for step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis.
Question
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is analogous to the hydride reductions of ketones studied in Chapter 9.Write the mechanism of this reduction.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is analogous to the hydride reductions of ketones studied in Chapter 9.Write the mechanism of this reduction.
Question
Question
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The "energy currency" of the cell.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The "energy currency" of the cell.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.Write a mechanism for the decarboxylation of acetoacetate to yield acetone.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.Write a mechanism for the decarboxylation of acetoacetate to yield acetone.
Question
What is the structure of the α-keto acid formed by transamination of the amino acid isoleucine? 
Question
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is an example of a:
A)nucleophilic substitution reaction.
B)nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
C)nucleophilic addition reaction.
D)nucleophilic exchange reaction.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is an example of a:
A)nucleophilic substitution reaction.
B)nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
C)nucleophilic addition reaction.
D)nucleophilic exchange reaction.
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Acetyl groups are oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Acetyl groups are oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.What is the by-product represented as a question mark (?) in each step of this reaction sequence?
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.What is the by-product represented as a question mark (?) in each step of this reaction sequence?
Question
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 1 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetyl CoA is converted into acetoacetyl CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 1 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetyl CoA is converted into acetoacetyl CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Question
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Uses the energy produced in the citric acid cycle to make ATP.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Uses the energy produced in the citric acid cycle to make ATP.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
Question
Phosphoenolpyruvate could undergo hydrolysis to form pyruvate and hydrogen phosphate.This reaction could be represented as shown below.(ΔG°' = -61.9 kJ/mol) 
This reaction can be used to phosphorylate ADP.Write the net reaction when this reaction is coupled with ADP phosphorylation and calculate ΔG°' for the reaction.
This reaction can be used to phosphorylate ADP.Write the net reaction when this reaction is coupled with ADP phosphorylation and calculate ΔG°' for the reaction. Question
Draw the structure of the product formed on the transamination of the following substance.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. 
Question
Question
Question
Question
During the synthesis of fatty acids,the following substance is formed by two pathways. 
Draw the structure(s) of the starting material(s) for each path?
Draw the structure(s) of the starting material(s) for each path? Question
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.Write the mechanism for this isomerization.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.Write the mechanism for this isomerization.
Question
Phosphoenolpyruvate could undergo hydrolysis to form pyruvate and hydrogen phosphate.This reaction could be represented as shown below.This reaction can be coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP. 
The product exists as tautomers.Draw their structures.
The product exists as tautomers.Draw their structures. Question
Exhibit 29-5
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.This reaction is an example of:
A)an aldol reaction.
B)a Claisen reaction.
C)a reverse Claisen reaction.
D)a retro aldol reaction.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.This reaction is an example of:
A)an aldol reaction.
B)a Claisen reaction.
C)a reverse Claisen reaction.
D)a retro aldol reaction.
Question
Which of the following does not represent a correct relationship in catabolism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Question
Question
Question
Exhibit 29-5
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.
Question
Question
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is an example of:
A)an elimination reaction
B)an oxidation reaction
C)keto-enol tautomerism
D)a conjugate addition reaction
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is an example of:
A)an elimination reaction
B)an oxidation reaction
C)keto-enol tautomerism
D)a conjugate addition reaction
Question
The following reaction occurs in the citric acid cycle. 
Draw the structure of the product.
Draw the structure of the product. Question
Draw the structure of the amino acid that is the precursor to the substance shown below.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. 
Question
During the synthesis of fatty acids,the following sequence occurs.Draw the products presented by the question marks and identify the type of reaction. 
Question
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure.Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure.Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.
Question
Consider the following reaction: 
Which of the following reactions per mole could not be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?
A)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 12.6 kJ/mol
B)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 22.5 kJ/mol
C)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 29.6 kJ/mol
D)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 40.6 kJ/mol
Which of the following reactions per mole could not be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?A)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 12.6 kJ/mol
B)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 22.5 kJ/mol
C)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 29.6 kJ/mol
D)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 40.6 kJ/mol
Question
During β-oxidation the following reaction occurs.What type of reaction is this? 
A)Claisen condensation
B)retro-Claisen condensation
C)aldol condensation
D)retro-aldol condensation
A)Claisen condensation
B)retro-Claisen condensation
C)aldol condensation
D)retro-aldol condensation
Question
Consider the following reaction: 
Hydrolysis of which of the following biomolecules could drive the formation of ATP?
A)glycerol-1-phosphate ΔG°' = -9.2 kJ/mol
B)glucose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -13.8 kJ/mol
C)fructose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -15.8 kJ/mol
D)phosphocreatine ΔG°' = -49.5 kJ/mol
E)All could drive the formation of ATP.
Hydrolysis of which of the following biomolecules could drive the formation of ATP?A)glycerol-1-phosphate ΔG°' = -9.2 kJ/mol
B)glucose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -13.8 kJ/mol
C)fructose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -15.8 kJ/mol
D)phosphocreatine ΔG°' = -49.5 kJ/mol
E)All could drive the formation of ATP.
Question
Question
Question
Question
Consider the following conversion that occurs in the citric acid cycle. 
What formula should be placed at the tail of the arrow?
A)FADH2
B)FAD
C)NAD+
D)NADH
What formula should be placed at the tail of the arrow?A)FADH2
B)FAD
C)NAD+
D)NADH
Question
During β-oxidation the following reaction occurs. 
How many times will this reaction occur for the following acid? Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. 
A)8
B)9
C)16
D)18
How many times will this reaction occur for the following acid? Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. A)8
B)9
C)16
D)18
Question
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Deck 29: The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
1
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Coenzyme NAD+ required in the β-oxidation of fatty acids,glycolysis,and the citric acid cycle.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Coenzyme NAD+ required in the β-oxidation of fatty acids,glycolysis,and the citric acid cycle.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
2
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pyridoxal phosphate,the cofactor in transaminations.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pyridoxal phosphate,the cofactor in transaminations.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
3
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The pathway by which organisms make glucose from simple precursors.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The pathway by which organisms make glucose from simple precursors.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
gluconeogenesis
4
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Discoverers of the glycolysis pathway.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Discoverers of the glycolysis pathway.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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5
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Common fatty acids have an even number of carbons because they are biosynthesized from _____.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Common fatty acids have an even number of carbons because they are biosynthesized from _____.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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6
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetoacetyl CoA is converted into β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetoacetyl CoA is converted into β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
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7
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The product of the citric acid cycle,which is a reactant in the first step.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The product of the citric acid cycle,which is a reactant in the first step.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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8
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.Propose a mechanism for step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.Propose a mechanism for step 2 of the mevalonate biosynthesis.
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9
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is analogous to the hydride reductions of ketones studied in Chapter 9.Write the mechanism of this reduction.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is analogous to the hydride reductions of ketones studied in Chapter 9.Write the mechanism of this reduction.
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10
Olive oil is comprised of 80% oleic acid,CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH.How many molecules of acetyl CoA are produced by catabolism of one molecule of oleic acid and how many passages of the β-oxidation pathway are needed for its complete catabolism?
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11
Which of the following statements about catabolism is false?
A)The ultimate products of food catabolism are CO2,H2O,and ATP.
B)The citric acid cycle is a stage of catabolism.
C)Gluconeogenesis is the catabolism of glucose.
D)Transamination is the catabolism of proteins.
A)The ultimate products of food catabolism are CO2,H2O,and ATP.
B)The citric acid cycle is a stage of catabolism.
C)Gluconeogenesis is the catabolism of glucose.
D)Transamination is the catabolism of proteins.
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12
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The "energy currency" of the cell.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ The "energy currency" of the cell.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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13
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.Write a mechanism for the decarboxylation of acetoacetate to yield acetone.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.Write a mechanism for the decarboxylation of acetoacetate to yield acetone.
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14
What is the structure of the α-keto acid formed by transamination of the amino acid isoleucine?
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15
Exhibit 29-2
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is an example of a:
A)nucleophilic substitution reaction.
B)nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
C)nucleophilic addition reaction.
D)nucleophilic exchange reaction.
Use the data below to answer the following question(s):
Under certain metabolic conditions associated with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation,the liver produces considerable quantities of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate.Acetoacetate continually undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to yield acetone.The interrelationship of these compounds is shown below.
Refer to Exhibit 29-2.The reduction of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate is an example of a:
A)nucleophilic substitution reaction.
B)nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
C)nucleophilic addition reaction.
D)nucleophilic exchange reaction.
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16
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Acetyl groups are oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Acetyl groups are oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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17
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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18
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.What is the by-product represented as a question mark (?) in each step of this reaction sequence?
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.What is the by-product represented as a question mark (?) in each step of this reaction sequence?
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19
Exhibit 29-3
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 1 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetyl CoA is converted into acetoacetyl CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
Use the data below to answer the following question(s).
Mevalonate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.This six-carbon compound can be formed from acetyl CoA utilizing two separate pathways.The most significant one involves the intermediate β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA.
Refer to Exhibit 29-3.In step 1 of the mevalonate biosynthesis,acetyl CoA is converted into acetoacetyl CoA.This reaction is analogous to:
A)a Claisen condensation
B)an aldol reaction
C)the malonic ester synthesis
D)a carbonyl reduction reaction
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20
Exhibit 29-1
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Uses the energy produced in the citric acid cycle to make ATP.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
MATCH a term or structure from the list below to each of the following definitions or names.Place the letter of the term or structure in the blank to the left of the definition or name which it describes.
_____ Uses the energy produced in the citric acid cycle to make ATP.
A)electron-transport chain
B)
C)citric acid cycle
D)Embden-Meyerhoff
E)glycolysis
F)
G)Hans Krebs
H)catabolism
I)ATP
J)
K)fatty acid spiral
L)anabolism
M)acetyl CoA
N)
O)
P)gluconeogenesis
Q)metabolism
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21
Phosphoenolpyruvate could undergo hydrolysis to form pyruvate and hydrogen phosphate.This reaction could be represented as shown below.(ΔG°' = -61.9 kJ/mol) This reaction can be used to phosphorylate ADP.Write the net reaction when this reaction is coupled with ADP phosphorylation and calculate ΔG°' for the reaction.
This reaction can be used to phosphorylate ADP.Write the net reaction when this reaction is coupled with ADP phosphorylation and calculate ΔG°' for the reaction. Unlock Deck
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22
Draw the structure of the product formed on the transamination of the following substance.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled.
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23
Which of the following does not correctly describe a stage of metabolism in humans?
A)first stage: ester and peptide bond broken
B)first stage: fatty acids and simple sugars degraded in cytoplasm
C)second stage: produces acetyl groups
D)third stage: involves the citric acid cycle
A)first stage: ester and peptide bond broken
B)first stage: fatty acids and simple sugars degraded in cytoplasm
C)second stage: produces acetyl groups
D)third stage: involves the citric acid cycle
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24
In coupled reactions,the net reaction has:
A)ΔG = 0
B)ΔG > 0
C)ΔG < 0
A)ΔG = 0
B)ΔG > 0
C)ΔG < 0
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25
What type of high energy bonds are found in ATP and ADP?
A)carboxylic anhydride
B)phosphodiester
C)thioester
D)phosphoanhydride
A)carboxylic anhydride
B)phosphodiester
C)thioester
D)phosphoanhydride
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26
During the synthesis of fatty acids,the following substance is formed by two pathways. Draw the structure(s) of the starting material(s) for each path?
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27
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.Write the mechanism for this isomerization.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.Write the mechanism for this isomerization.
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28
Phosphoenolpyruvate could undergo hydrolysis to form pyruvate and hydrogen phosphate.This reaction could be represented as shown below.This reaction can be coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP. The product exists as tautomers.Draw their structures.
The product exists as tautomers.Draw their structures. Unlock Deck
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29
Exhibit 29-5
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.This reaction is an example of:
A)an aldol reaction.
B)a Claisen reaction.
C)a reverse Claisen reaction.
D)a retro aldol reaction.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.This reaction is an example of:
A)an aldol reaction.
B)a Claisen reaction.
C)a reverse Claisen reaction.
D)a retro aldol reaction.
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30
Which of the following does not represent a correct relationship in catabolism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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31
Which of the following statements about anabolism is false?
A)Anabolic reactions "spend" ATP by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule.
B)As a rule,the anabolic pathway by which an organism makes a substance is the exact reverse of the catabolic pathway.
C)Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones are known as anabolism.
D)Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway by which organisms make glucose from pyruvate.
A)Anabolic reactions "spend" ATP by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule.
B)As a rule,the anabolic pathway by which an organism makes a substance is the exact reverse of the catabolic pathway.
C)Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones are known as anabolism.
D)Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway by which organisms make glucose from pyruvate.
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32
Fatty acids always have an even number of carbon atoms.Explain.
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33
Exhibit 29-5
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-5.Draw arrows on the structure below showing electron flow in this reaction.
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34
Which of the following statements about ATP is false?
A)ADP is synthesized from ATP.
B)ATP is produced in the fourth stage of catabolism,the electron-transport chain.
C)Catabolic reactions "pay off" in ATP.
D)ATP is a phosphoric acid anhydride.
A)ADP is synthesized from ATP.
B)ATP is produced in the fourth stage of catabolism,the electron-transport chain.
C)Catabolic reactions "pay off" in ATP.
D)ATP is a phosphoric acid anhydride.
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35
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is an example of:
A)an elimination reaction
B)an oxidation reaction
C)keto-enol tautomerism
D)a conjugate addition reaction
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is an example of:
A)an elimination reaction
B)an oxidation reaction
C)keto-enol tautomerism
D)a conjugate addition reaction
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36
The following reaction occurs in the citric acid cycle. Draw the structure of the product.
Draw the structure of the product. Unlock Deck
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37
Draw the structure of the amino acid that is the precursor to the substance shown below.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled.
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38
During the synthesis of fatty acids,the following sequence occurs.Draw the products presented by the question marks and identify the type of reaction.
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39
Exhibit 29-4
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure.Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.
Consider the reaction below to answer the following question(s):
Refer to Exhibit 29-4.This reaction proceeds through a common enol structure.Draw the structure of the glucose/fructose enol.
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40
Consider the following reaction: Which of the following reactions per mole could not be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?
A)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 12.6 kJ/mol
B)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 22.5 kJ/mol
C)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 29.6 kJ/mol
D)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 40.6 kJ/mol
Which of the following reactions per mole could not be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?A)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 12.6 kJ/mol
B)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 22.5 kJ/mol
C)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 29.6 kJ/mol
D)Reaction 1: ΔG°' = 40.6 kJ/mol
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41
During β-oxidation the following reaction occurs.What type of reaction is this?
A)Claisen condensation
B)retro-Claisen condensation
C)aldol condensation
D)retro-aldol condensation
A)Claisen condensation
B)retro-Claisen condensation
C)aldol condensation
D)retro-aldol condensation
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42
Consider the following reaction: Hydrolysis of which of the following biomolecules could drive the formation of ATP?
A)glycerol-1-phosphate ΔG°' = -9.2 kJ/mol
B)glucose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -13.8 kJ/mol
C)fructose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -15.8 kJ/mol
D)phosphocreatine ΔG°' = -49.5 kJ/mol
E)All could drive the formation of ATP.
Hydrolysis of which of the following biomolecules could drive the formation of ATP?A)glycerol-1-phosphate ΔG°' = -9.2 kJ/mol
B)glucose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -13.8 kJ/mol
C)fructose-6-phosphate ΔG°' = -15.8 kJ/mol
D)phosphocreatine ΔG°' = -49.5 kJ/mol
E)All could drive the formation of ATP.
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43
In which of the following steps of glycolysis is ATP produced?
A)Steps 1 and 3
B)Steps 7 and 10
C)Steps 1,3 and 10
D)Steps 1,3,and 7
E)Steps 1,3,7,and 10
A)Steps 1 and 3
B)Steps 7 and 10
C)Steps 1,3 and 10
D)Steps 1,3,and 7
E)Steps 1,3,7,and 10
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44
The transformation of FAD to FADH2 accompanies which of the following types of reactions?
A)isomerization
B)double bond formation
C)thioester formation
D)alcohol oxidation
A)isomerization
B)double bond formation
C)thioester formation
D)alcohol oxidation
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45
Which of the following is an anabolic pathway?
A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)β-oxidation
D)gluconeogenesis
A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)β-oxidation
D)gluconeogenesis
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46
Consider the following conversion that occurs in the citric acid cycle. What formula should be placed at the tail of the arrow?
A)FADH2
B)FAD
C)NAD+
D)NADH
What formula should be placed at the tail of the arrow?A)FADH2
B)FAD
C)NAD+
D)NADH
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47
During β-oxidation the following reaction occurs. How many times will this reaction occur for the following acid? Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled.
A)8
B)9
C)16
D)18
How many times will this reaction occur for the following acid? Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. A)8
B)9
C)16
D)18
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48
Which of the following correctly describes glycolysis?
A)produces a net of 4 ATP
B)intermediate path in glucose catabolism
C)produces two equivalents of pyruvate ions
D)involves one dephosphorylation and two phophorylations.
A)produces a net of 4 ATP
B)intermediate path in glucose catabolism
C)produces two equivalents of pyruvate ions
D)involves one dephosphorylation and two phophorylations.
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k this deck
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 48 flashcards in this deck.
