Question 1

A father affected with hemophilia A,whose wife is unaffected,will pass on the defective gene to:&#10;A) all his sons,who will be affected&#10;B) 50% of his sons,who will be affected&#10;C) all his daughters,who will be carriers&#10;D) 50% of his daughters,who will be carriers

Accepted Answer

all his daughters,who will be carriers

Question 2

Exposure to cocaine during pregnancy leads to increased risk of:&#10;A) premature birth&#10;B) respiratory problems&#10;C) sudden infant death syndrome&#10;D) a,b&#10;E) a,b,c

Accepted Answer

Exposure to cocaine during pregnancy leads to an increased risk of premature birth and respiratory problems in the infant. Additionally, there is evidence that suggests an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in infants exposed to cocaine in utero. Therefore, option E that includes all three choices is the correct answer.

Question 3

What is the probability of two parents,both carriers of a defective recessive gene,producing a homozygous child (with each pregnancy)?&#10;A) 0%&#10;B) 25%&#10;C) 50%&#10;D) 75%

Accepted Answer

If both parents carry a defective recessive gene, they each have a 50% chance of passing that gene on to their offspring. To produce a homozygous child (meaning they have two copies of the defective gene), both parents must pass on their copy. The chance of this happening is 25% (0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25). Therefore, the probability of two carriers producing a homozygous child is 25%.

Question 4

What is an example of a multifactorial congenital disorder?&#10;A) type AB blood&#10;B) Down syndrome&#10;C) color blindness&#10;D) cleft lip and palate

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip and palate is an example of a multifactorial congenital disorder, meaning that it is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Factors such as maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medications have been linked to an increased risk of cleft lip and palate, but there is also a genetic component involved. Type AB blood is not a congenital disorder, but rather a blood type determined by genetics. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Color blindness can be genetic, but it is not considered a congenital disorder as it does not typically cause physical deformities or developmental abnormalities.

Question 5

What is an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual's cell,organized in pairs in descending order of size,called?&#10;A) a pedigree&#10;B) Punnett squares&#10;C) a karyotype&#10;D) the genotype

Accepted Answer

An arrangement of chromosomes from an individual's cell, organized in pairs in descending order of size, is called a karyotype. A pedigree is a diagram showing the inheritance of a trait in a family. Punnett squares are used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring based on the genotypes of the parents. The genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual.

Question 6

What is characteristic of a congenital disorder?&#10;A) There is a genetic component.&#10;B) It is a developmental anomaly.&#10;C) A cause is known.&#10;D) Usually manifested in the neonatal period.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is characteristic of a congenital disorder?&#10;A)...

Question 7

Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal:&#10;A) enzyme deficits&#10;B) structural anomalies&#10;C) chromosomal defects&#10;D) hormonal abnormalities

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonography during pregnancy is used to detect structural anomalies in the fetus, such as neural tube defects, heart defects, and abnormalities in other organs. It is not useful in detecting enzyme deficits, chromosomal defects, or hormonal abnormalities.

Question 8

Which of the following statements apply to the sex chromosomes?&#10;A) They are identified as XY in the female.&#10;B) They are numbered pair 23 in the karyotype.&#10;C) They contain the same genes as in the other pairs of chromosomes.&#10;D) They are found only in the cells in the gonads,the ovaries and testes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements apply to...

Question 9

The laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called:&#10;A) the genotype&#10;B) gene mutation&#10;C) genetic engineering&#10;D) gene therapy

Accepted Answer

The practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is a form of genetic engineering. This process involves artificially manipulating genes to produce desired traits in an organism. Gene mutation refers to a spontaneous change in the DNA sequence and is not done intentionally in a laboratory setting. Gene therapy is a medical treatment approach that involves altering or adding genes to treat or prevent disease in humans, and not specific to microorganisms. The genotype refers to an organism's genetic makeup, which can be influenced by genetic engineering, but is not the specific practice itself.

Question 10

In the case of an X-linked recessive disorder,a carrier mother and unaffected father could produce a/an:&#10;A) normal female&#10;B) affected female&#10;C) male carrier

Accepted Answer

In an X-linked recessive disorder, the affected gene is located on the X chromosome. Males only have one X chromosome, so if they inherit the affected gene from their mother, they will be affected by the disorder. Females have two X chromosomes, so they can be either homozygous (both X chromosomes carry the affected gene) or heterozygous (only one X chromosome carries the affected gene) carriers of the disorder.

In this case, the mother is a carrier, meaning she has one normal X chromosome and one X chromosome with the affected gene. The father is unaffected, meaning he has two normal X chromosomes.

There are a few possible outcomes for their children:

- Normal female: If the mother passes on her normal X chromosome, the daughter will not be affected by the disorder.
- Heterozygous carrier female: If the mother passes on her X chromosome with the affected gene, the daughter will be a carrier like her mother.
- Normal male: If the mother passes on her normal X chromosome, the son will not be affected by the disorder.
- Affected male: If the mother passes on her X chromosome with the affected gene, the son will be affected by the disorder.

Since the prompt does not include any information about the gender of the child, we can only guarantee that a normal female could be produced.

Question 11

The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to:&#10;A) map the nucleotide sequence and identify the genes on each human chromosome&#10;B) study the common patterns of inheritance of single gene disorders&#10;C) manipulate the sequence of DNA in microorganisms and animals&#10;D) identify spontaneous alterations in genetic material caused by teratogens

Accepted Answer

The answer of The purpose of the Human Genome Project...

Question 12

Which term refers to prenatal diagnosis through examination of amniotic fluid?&#10;A) chorionic villus testing&#10;B) preparing a family pedigree&#10;C) amniocentesis&#10;D) triple-screen test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term refers to prenatal diagnosis through...

Question 13

During which of these time periods do teratogens have the most serious effects on fetal development?&#10;A) period of fertilization&#10;B) first six months of pregnancy&#10;C) period of organogenesis&#10;D) final three months of pregnancy

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which of these time periods do...

Question 14

A spontaneous alteration in genetic material that may result from exposure to harmful substances is termed:&#10;A) autosome&#10;B) genotype&#10;C) meiosis&#10;D) mutation&#10;E) allele

Accepted Answer

The answer of A spontaneous alteration in genetic material that...

Question 15

Hemophilia A has been diagnosed in a young boy.He has inherited this defective gene from:&#10;A) his father&#10;B) his mother&#10;C) both parents

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemophilia A has been diagnosed in a...

Question 16

A person with sickle cell trait that is heterozygous has:&#10;A) an incomplete dominant gene&#10;B) a multifactorial condition&#10;C) co-dominant genes&#10;D) X-linked dominant trait

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person with sickle cell trait that...

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?&#10;A) The typical physical characteristics are present at birth.&#10;B) All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems.&#10;C) The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth.&#10;D) The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding Down...

Question 18

A mother is a carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy;the father is unaffected.They have one son with muscular dystrophy.Another male child is expected.The probability of the second son having muscular dystrophy is:

A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 0%

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mother is a carrier of Duchenne...

Question 19

Down syndrome is an example of a/an:&#10;A) autosomal dominant disorder&#10;B) multifactorial disorder&#10;C) developmental defect&#10;D) chromosomal disorder

Accepted Answer

The answer of Down syndrome is an example of a/an:&#10;A)...

Question 20

Which of the following statements applies to Huntington's disease?&#10;A) The effects are obvious at birth.&#10;B) There is a test for the defective gene.&#10;C) There is a 50% probability that the child of an affected parent will be a carrier.&#10;D) The child must inherit the defective gene from both parents in order to be affected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements applies to...

Question 21

When genetic influences combine with environmental factors to cause an abnormality,the result is called a:&#10;A) chromosomal disorder&#10;B) developmental disorder&#10;C) multifactorial disorder&#10;D) single-gene disorder

Accepted Answer

The answer of When genetic influences combine with environmental factors...

Question 22

The term proteomics refers to the study of:&#10;A) DNA sequences with unknown functions&#10;B) gene sequences in individual chromosomes&#10;C) the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes&#10;D) identifying certain base pairs in DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term proteomics refers to the study...

Question 23

Which of the following can easily pass through the placental barrier?&#10;A) many viruses&#10;B) some heavy metals&#10;C) certain chemicals&#10;D) all of the above&#10;E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can easily pass...

Question 24

Genes located at a specific site on a pair of chromosomes that are also matched for function are called a/an:&#10;A) allele&#10;B) genotype&#10;C) autosome&#10;D) phenotype

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes located at a specific site on...

Question 25

Blood tests are primarily performed on neonates in order to:&#10;A) determine need for immediate surgical correction of anomalies&#10;B) commence immediate treatment for metabolic abnormalities&#10;C) identify the presence of any inherited disorders&#10;D) rule out the presence of any infection

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blood tests are primarily performed on neonates...

Question 26

Developmental disorders can result from all the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) exposure to radiation&#10;B) mercury in foods and water&#10;C) drugs and alcohol&#10;D) cigarette smoking&#10;E) folic acid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Developmental disorders can result from all the...

Question 27

The most invasive prenatal screening test for fetal abnormalities is:&#10;A) ultrasonography&#10;B) amniocentesis&#10;C) X-ray&#10;D) blood tests

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most invasive prenatal screening test for...

Question 28

Which of the following can be detected using amniotic fluid?&#10;A) chromosomal abnormalities&#10;B) metabolic disorders&#10;C) certain structural abnormalities&#10;D) all the above&#10;E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can be detected...

Deck 7: Congenital and Genetic Disorders