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Genetics 5th Edition by Leland Hartwell ,Michael Goldberg,Janice Fischer ,Leroy Hood,Charles Aquadro
Edition 5ISBN: 978-0073525310Genetics 5th Edition by Leland Hartwell ,Michael Goldberg,Janice Fischer ,Leroy Hood,Charles Aquadro
Edition 5ISBN: 978-0073525310 Exercise 2
Differentiate between the functions of DNA and the functions of proteins.
Explanation
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Proteins and DNA are two very important macromolecules of body performing specific function for the organism. DNA is genetic material, carries thousands of information (gene) passing it to next generation. Proteins are building blocks for body essential for normal functioning.Most of the DNA present in the body is found in the nucleus arranged in the form of chromosomes. Every cell contains DNA that is duplicated before it undergoes division so that complete set of genetic material is distributed to daughter cells. The double helical structure of DNA stores information in the form of codon and specific fragments of DNA hold messages called genes. Genes are important factors in determining appearance and characteristic of an organism. Genes when initiated in presence of specific enzymes results in the production of polypeptides (protein).DNA is special molecule as it can direct its own synthesis i.e. replication. The mode of replication is called semiconservative as its saves half of the characters of old strand while another half is newly synthesized.Proteins are important component of body; they form some organs of body and control some other with the help of hormones. In the form of enzymes proteins catalyse various metabolic activities. The information contained in DNA is utilized in the form of protein thus we can say that, synthesis of protein is DNA dependent. A protein can be of many types for example an antibody protein binds with antigen during immune response; a hormone protein initiates cell surface reaction while an enzyme catalyses a reaction.Protein synthesis starts when messenger RNA binds with the initiation codon to form protein. At this point each of the strands of DNA acts a template for RNA. DNA and RNA are similar in their base arrangement but thymine in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA. On RNA the bases are read in the set of tree forming a codon that specifies an amino acid. Thus conversion of DNA into RNA is termed transcription and synthesis of protein from RNA is translation.
Genetics 5th Edition by Leland Hartwell ,Michael Goldberg,Janice Fischer ,Leroy Hood,Charles Aquadro
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