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Human Heredity 11th Edition by Michael Cummings
Edition 11ISBN: 978-1305251052Human Heredity 11th Edition by Michael Cummings
Edition 11ISBN: 978-1305251052 Exercise 9
Genetic Disorders in Culture and Art
It is difficult to pinpoint the time in history when the inheritance of specific traits in humans was first recognized. Descriptions of people with heritable disorders appear in myths and legends of many cultures. In some of these cultures, assigned social roles-from prophets and priests to kings and queens-were hereditary. The belief that certain traits were heritable helped shape the development of many social customs.
In some societies, the birth of a deformed child was regarded as a sign of impending war or famine. Clay tablets excavated from Babylonian ruins record more than 60 types of birth defects, along with the dire consequences thought to accompany such births. Later societies, from Roman to those of eighteenthcentury Europe, regarded malformed individuals (such as dwarfs) as curiosities rather than figures of impending doom; they were highly prized by royalty as courtiers and entertainers.
Over the millennia, artists have portrayed both famous and anonymous individuals with genetic disorders in paintings, sculptures, and other forms of the visual arts. These portrayals are detailed, highly accurate, and easily recognizable today. In fact, across time, culture, and artistic medium, affected individuals in these portraits often resemble each other more closely than they do their siblings, peers, or relatives. In some cases, the representations allow a disorder to be diagnosed at a distance of several thousand years.
Throughout the book, you will find fine-art representations of individuals with genetic disorders. These portraits represent a long-standing link between science and the arts in many cultures. They are not intended as a gallery of freaks or monsters but as a reminder that being human encompasses a wide range of conditions. A more thorough discussion of genetic disorders in art is in Genetics and Malformations in Art by J. Kunze and I. Nippert, published by Grosse Verläg, Berlin, 1986.
Why do unrelated children with a disorder such as Down syndrome resemble each other more closely than they do their siblings?
It is difficult to pinpoint the time in history when the inheritance of specific traits in humans was first recognized. Descriptions of people with heritable disorders appear in myths and legends of many cultures. In some of these cultures, assigned social roles-from prophets and priests to kings and queens-were hereditary. The belief that certain traits were heritable helped shape the development of many social customs.
In some societies, the birth of a deformed child was regarded as a sign of impending war or famine. Clay tablets excavated from Babylonian ruins record more than 60 types of birth defects, along with the dire consequences thought to accompany such births. Later societies, from Roman to those of eighteenthcentury Europe, regarded malformed individuals (such as dwarfs) as curiosities rather than figures of impending doom; they were highly prized by royalty as courtiers and entertainers.
Over the millennia, artists have portrayed both famous and anonymous individuals with genetic disorders in paintings, sculptures, and other forms of the visual arts. These portrayals are detailed, highly accurate, and easily recognizable today. In fact, across time, culture, and artistic medium, affected individuals in these portraits often resemble each other more closely than they do their siblings, peers, or relatives. In some cases, the representations allow a disorder to be diagnosed at a distance of several thousand years.
Throughout the book, you will find fine-art representations of individuals with genetic disorders. These portraits represent a long-standing link between science and the arts in many cultures. They are not intended as a gallery of freaks or monsters but as a reminder that being human encompasses a wide range of conditions. A more thorough discussion of genetic disorders in art is in Genetics and Malformations in Art by J. Kunze and I. Nippert, published by Grosse Verläg, Berlin, 1986.
Why do unrelated children with a disorder such as Down syndrome resemble each other more closely than they do their siblings?
Explanation
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The Down syndrome is also called trisomy...
Human Heredity 11th Edition by Michael Cummings
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