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Biology 3rd Edition by Peter Russell, Paul Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Edition 3ISBN: 9781133592075Biology 3rd Edition by Peter Russell, Paul Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Edition 3ISBN: 9781133592075 Exercise 1
When a biologist first tested a new pesticide on a population of insects, she found that only 1% of the insects survived their exposure to the poison.She allowed the survivors to reproduce and discovered that 10% of the offspring survived exposure to the same concentration of pesticide.One generation later, 50% of the insects survived this experimental treatment.What is a likely explanation for the increasing survival rate of these insects over time?
Explanation
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All the living organisms have the capability to change or modify themselves as to compensate for the changing environment. However, certain individuals of a species are superior to others of the same species in surviving the changing environment. When such individuals reproduced, they pass their favorable characteristics to their offspring.
Biological Evolution is a process of natural selection in, which some desirable characteristics are dominantly inherited across the generations and enhances the species survival. These characteristics become more and more common over successive generations.
Desirable characteristics mean certain mutations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of a strong individual, which improves and enhances the survival rate of that individual. These DNA mutations are inherited further in generations.
According to the experiment, only 1% of the insect population was able to survive under the effect of new pesticide because of a mutation in their DNA, which rendered them resistant towards that pesticide.
When this surviving population with enhanced characteristics was allowed to reproduce, they passed their favorable characteristics to their offspring and hence, 10% of the population was able to survive under the effect of the same pesticide.
Further, when this increased population was allowed to reproduce, the majority of the offspring produced inherited the favorable characteristic and hence, 50% of the population was able to resist the pesticide. Hence, the process of natural Selection and biological evolution can explain the increasing survival rate of insects against pesticide.
Biological Evolution is a process of natural selection in, which some desirable characteristics are dominantly inherited across the generations and enhances the species survival. These characteristics become more and more common over successive generations.
Desirable characteristics mean certain mutations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of a strong individual, which improves and enhances the survival rate of that individual. These DNA mutations are inherited further in generations.
According to the experiment, only 1% of the insect population was able to survive under the effect of new pesticide because of a mutation in their DNA, which rendered them resistant towards that pesticide.
When this surviving population with enhanced characteristics was allowed to reproduce, they passed their favorable characteristics to their offspring and hence, 10% of the population was able to survive under the effect of the same pesticide.
Further, when this increased population was allowed to reproduce, the majority of the offspring produced inherited the favorable characteristic and hence, 50% of the population was able to resist the pesticide. Hence, the process of natural Selection and biological evolution can explain the increasing survival rate of insects against pesticide.
Biology 3rd Edition by Peter Russell, Paul Hertz, Beverly McMillan
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