Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease 3rd Edition by Karen Lee,Jeff Ankney,Bruce Colbert

Exercise 27

Ray glanced at the strategically placed clock and calendar on the wall. It was 3:00 p.m., September 15. His buddies were on their way to the Caribbean for a week of cave diving. He was supposed to be on that plane with them. Instead, he was lying in a hospital bed. Since high school the four of them had been inseparable. Every spare dime they made went into their annual extreme vacation. ey had been hang gliding over the Grand Canyon, rafting on the Amazon, sky diving and parasailing in Florida, and snowboarding down a glacier in Alaska. How ironic that a dip in a backyard swimming pool would put an end to all that. Not only wouldn't he be skiing or hang gliding any time soon, he couldn't even mark the red Xs on the calendar to keep track of the passing days. A nurse did that for him. In fact, nurses or his mom or his brother did everything for him. He couldn't even scratch his own nose, or even tell anybody when it itched.
He was just fooling around with his six-year-old cousin at the end of the summer, one last swim before his aunt and uncle closed their pool. He had done a back flip of the diving board dozens of times, but this time he miscalculated. He knew as soon as he hit the water that he was sinking too fast and tried desperately to correct, but he couldn't get his head around fast enough. His last thought as the bottom of the pool rose to meet him was that he was going to mess up his face.
When he regained consciousness several days later, his mother and the doctor gently explained what had happened to him. He had struck the bottom of the pool on the point of his chin, jamming and twisting his neck. His neck was broken, the first two vertebrae shattered, and his spinal cord irreversibly damaged. He was paralyzed from the neck down and would be dependent on a ventilator for the rest of his life.
b. What is the etiology of Ray's current condition and his diagnosis
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