Ecology: Concepts and Applications 4th Edition by Manual Molles

Exercise 7

Once established, Rio Grande cottonwoods can live to be well over 100 years old. However, they experience very high rates of mortality as seeds, which only germinate in conditions that occur very unpredictably in time and space. Female cottonwood trees produce about 25 million seeds annually and could produce up to two and a half billion seeds during a lifetime. Which of the life history categories that we've discussed most closely match the life history of the Rio Grande cottonwood.