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Theories of Personality 9th Edition by Duane Schultz,Sydney Ellen Schultz
Edition 9ISBN: 978-0495506256Theories of Personality 9th Edition by Duane Schultz,Sydney Ellen Schultz
Edition 9ISBN: 978-0495506256 Exercise 2
Describe some of the ways in which Anna Freud, Heinz Kohut, and Melanie Klein extended and modified traditional Freudian theory.
Explanation
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Extended and modified traditional F's theory by Ms. AF, Mr. HK, and Ms. MK:
Ms. AF was the sixth child of Mr. F. She was the one who followed father's path. She was unhappy as child. She was jealous of older sister who was mother favoring and she was also ignored by other siblings.
Ms. AF became more dutiful being her father's favorite. She listened to number of case histories and attended meeting on psychoanalysis. Mr. F worked with adults in reconstruction of childhood and recollections and analyzing dream and fantasies.
However, Ms. AF worked only with children. She published 4 lectures on child analysis independently.
Ms. A revised orthodox psychoanalysis through expanding roles related to ego. She said ego operates freely than id. This intense extension of F system involved with fundamental change in concepts.
She proposed ego and defense mechanism refinements. She also cleared defense mechanic operations. Ego psychology was her basic work in book. The defense mechanisms rely on Ms. A for its complete articulation. This remains as her significant contribution of psychoanalytic theory.
Objects were discussed in Mr. F's concept called cathexis. Here, he meant investment of psychic energy of object. The theory of object relation is outgrowth recommended from psychoanalytic theory. This focuses on relationships of objects (mother) for satisfying instinctual requirements than on self needs.
Mr. HK instructed formation of nuclear self describing foundation of becoming independent individual who can take initiative and integrate ideals. Self is a nuclear that develops from relations from infant and self-objects of specific environments. Here, self objects play vital role in life as infants who are part of self.
Mr. HK explains this in detail with mirroring concept of the infant and its mother. Mother satisfies her baby's bodily and mental requirements. Instance mother becomes a sector of nuclear self. In case if she rejects infant's claims the child would develop guilt. Through this it is understood that adult self is created by child's initial relation and primary self object.
He is careful to point continuities of Mr. F's work. He never specified to have viewed self psychology as deviation from F's psychoanalysis , but mentions this as an extension of the same.
Ms. MK was an unwanted child and mother. She was rejected both as a child and mother. This made her to formulate theory related to personality development system focusing on strong emotional relation between infant and mother.
A child satisfies its hunger imagining sucking its mother's breasts. Here, breasts gratify or fail in gratification of id instinct and infant judges as good or bad. The world of baby represents part of object seen either satisfying or as hostile. However, mother is considered as human.
A child can derive pleasure from complete person ( mother ). This also increases power and self-confidence to perceive and relate others. The deviation of object relation theorists from Mr. F's position recognizes social and environmental influences with Mr. F's approach as base and not to substitute it.
Ms. AF was the sixth child of Mr. F. She was the one who followed father's path. She was unhappy as child. She was jealous of older sister who was mother favoring and she was also ignored by other siblings.
Ms. AF became more dutiful being her father's favorite. She listened to number of case histories and attended meeting on psychoanalysis. Mr. F worked with adults in reconstruction of childhood and recollections and analyzing dream and fantasies.
However, Ms. AF worked only with children. She published 4 lectures on child analysis independently.
Ms. A revised orthodox psychoanalysis through expanding roles related to ego. She said ego operates freely than id. This intense extension of F system involved with fundamental change in concepts.
She proposed ego and defense mechanism refinements. She also cleared defense mechanic operations. Ego psychology was her basic work in book. The defense mechanisms rely on Ms. A for its complete articulation. This remains as her significant contribution of psychoanalytic theory.
Objects were discussed in Mr. F's concept called cathexis. Here, he meant investment of psychic energy of object. The theory of object relation is outgrowth recommended from psychoanalytic theory. This focuses on relationships of objects (mother) for satisfying instinctual requirements than on self needs.
Mr. HK instructed formation of nuclear self describing foundation of becoming independent individual who can take initiative and integrate ideals. Self is a nuclear that develops from relations from infant and self-objects of specific environments. Here, self objects play vital role in life as infants who are part of self.
Mr. HK explains this in detail with mirroring concept of the infant and its mother. Mother satisfies her baby's bodily and mental requirements. Instance mother becomes a sector of nuclear self. In case if she rejects infant's claims the child would develop guilt. Through this it is understood that adult self is created by child's initial relation and primary self object.
He is careful to point continuities of Mr. F's work. He never specified to have viewed self psychology as deviation from F's psychoanalysis , but mentions this as an extension of the same.
Ms. MK was an unwanted child and mother. She was rejected both as a child and mother. This made her to formulate theory related to personality development system focusing on strong emotional relation between infant and mother.
A child satisfies its hunger imagining sucking its mother's breasts. Here, breasts gratify or fail in gratification of id instinct and infant judges as good or bad. The world of baby represents part of object seen either satisfying or as hostile. However, mother is considered as human.
A child can derive pleasure from complete person ( mother ). This also increases power and self-confidence to perceive and relate others. The deviation of object relation theorists from Mr. F's position recognizes social and environmental influences with Mr. F's approach as base and not to substitute it.
Theories of Personality 9th Edition by Duane Schultz,Sydney Ellen Schultz
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