Basic Nursing 1st Edition by Judith Wilkinson, Leslie Treas

Exercise 21

(Study A) Smalbrugge, M., Pot,A. M., Jongenelis, L., et al. (2006).The impact of depression and anxiety on well, being, disability and use of healthcare services in nursing home patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(4), 325-332.
Researchers studied 350 elderly patients from 14 nursing homes in the Netherlands to determine the impact of depression and anxiety on well-being, disability, and their use of healthcare services (e.g., the amount of assistance they needed with ADLs).They found depression and/or anxiety was associated significantly with less well-being, but not with more disability. They were also associated with increased use of healthcare services: more need for assistance with ADLs, more consultation of medical specialists, a higher mean number of medications, and more use of antidepressants.
(Study B) Wilkinson, S. M., Love, S. B.,Westcombe, A. M., et al. (2007). Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(5), 532-538
Researchers studied 288 cancer patients who were referred to complementary therapy services with clinical anxiety and/or depression. Patients were randomly assigned to a course of aromatherapy massage or usual supportive care alone to determine the effectiveness of supplementing usual supportive care with aromatherapy massage. The researchers concluded that aromatherapy massage does not appear to significantly relieve cancer patients' anxiety and/or depression in the long term, but is associated with clinically important benefit up tO₂ weeks after the intervention.
(Study C) Sendelbach, S. E., Halm, M.A., Doran, K.A., et al. (2006). Effects of music therapy on physiological and psychological outcomes for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 21(3), 194-200.
This study compared the effects of music therapy versus a quiet, uninterrupted rest period on pain intensity, anxiety, physiological parameters, and opioid consumption after cardiac surgery A total of 86 patients recovering from cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to receive either 20 minutes of rest in bed (control) or 20 minutes of music. Researchers found that patients who listened to music experienced a significant reduction in anxiety, but that there was no effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or use of opioids.
Which of the studies tested an intervention?