Deck 26: Circulatory System and Blood Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used as antidysrhythmics?

A) Class I antidysrhythmics are used to block sodium channels to slow the impulse conduction.
B) Class II antidysrhythmics are beta-blockers that decrease the SA automaticity, AV velocity, and myocardial contractility and are similar to calcium channel blockers.
C) Class III antidysrhythmics block potassium channels prolonging ventricular repolarization.
D) Class IV antidysrhythmics are calcium channel blockers that have effects identical to those of beta-blockers.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Answer 1

All of the above statements are true.

Question 2

Which of the following are routes of administration for nitroglycerin?

A) sublingual tablets
B) oral tablets
C) ointment
D) transdermal patches
E) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment of hyperlipidemia?

A) Medications are the first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia.
B) Diet modification and exercise are needed in treating hyperlipidemia.
C) Hypolipidemics are used to reduce elevated cholesterol and LDL levels.
D) Hypolipidemics are used to reduce the risk for coronary artery disease.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Answer 3

Medications are the first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of diuretics?

A) They block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride.
B) They may be used alone or with other medications to treat hypertension.
C) Electrolyte levels are not a problem when using diuretics.
D) They are classified by their action in the nephron of the kidney.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of vasodilators?

A) They alleviate edema.
B) They increase heart rate and cardiac output.
C) They dilate arterioles, thus lowering blood pressure.
D) Their side effects include headache, anorexia, constipation, dizziness, and nasal congestion.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of medication used for coronary conditions?

A) antidysrhythmics and dromotropic drugs
B) antihypertensives
C) calcium channel blockers
D) antianginal medications
E) chronotropic medications to maintain normal sinus rhythm

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of bile acid sequestrants?

A) They bind to bile acids, so cholesterol is excreted in feces.
B) They are used for primary hypercholesterolemia.
C) Their side effects include constipation, indigestion, abdominal pain, headache, gas, and gallstones.
D) They lower cholesterol and LDL.
E) They have little effect on fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of cardiac glycosides?

A) They increase the force of myocardial contractions, slow the heart rate, and slow the conduction of electrical impulses.
B) They decrease congestion in the heart by increasing the force that increases the amount of blood pumped from the heart.
C) Digitalis and digitoxin are identical medications and can be interchanged.
D) Digitalis preparations slow the heart rate, and patients should be taught to check their pulse prior to taking the medication.
E) The dosage of digitalis is individualized, and the major side effects are caused by overdosage.

Question 9

Which of the following are NOT symptoms of circulatory disorders?

A) diuresis and homeostasis
B) chest pain and abnormal heartbeat
C) fatigue, weakness, and pallor
D) anxiety and headache
E) diaphoresis and edema

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about congestive heart failure (CHF)?

A) It is treated with medication to change the force and rate of the heart.
B) Vasodilators, especially ACE inhibitors, are used to reduce the symptoms of CHF.
C) Diuretics are used in CHF to reduce the edema in the peripheral vessels and to reduce the amount of blood volume.
D) Cardiac glycosides are used to force the heart to beat more forcefully.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of hypertension and its treatment?

A) Blood pressure is controlled by a complex interaction between nervous, hormonal, and renal systems working together.
B) Antihypertensive therapy is long term, usually for the rest of the patient's life.
C) Compliance with antihypertensive therapy is easily accomplished because the patient has headaches and lethargy that are reminders to take medications.
D) Treatment of hypertension includes lifestyle changes as well as medications.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of drugs used for angina pectoris?

A) Vasodilators are used to treat angina, but these may have systemic effects.
B) The primary coronary vasodilators are nitrates because of their dilating effects on veins and arteries.
C) Ideal medications for angina pectoris should have local rather than systemic action, promote oxygen flow to the heart from arterial sources, and have no tolerance level.
D) Medications for angina should last only a short time-only the time necessary to stop the angina attack.
E) Antianginal medications should be fast acting in an acute attack and should be capable of being used prophylactically to prevent attacks.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias?

A) Cardiac dysrhythmias are cured by the medications that are used in treatment.
B) Cardiac dysrhythmias occur when calcium, sodium, and potassium ions that regulate the electrical impulses of the heart are disturbed.
C) The medications for cardiac dysrhythmias are in four distinctive groups.
D) Antidysrhythmics control rhythm by correcting or compensating for the altered rhythm.
E) Alcohol and nicotine should be avoided while taking antidysrhythmics.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of angina pectoris?

A) chronic
B) exertional
C) variant
D) unstable
E) all are types

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of circulatory medications?

A) orthostatic hypotension and urinary frequency
B) bradycardia
C) fatigue, weakness, headaches, and dizziness
D) anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation
E) edema and shortness of breath

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of hemorheologic agents?

A) They improve the flow of blood and lower the viscosity of blood.
B) They are used to treat peripheral vascular disease.
C) They improve blood flow through arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic blood vessels.
D) Their side effects include dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of nitroglycerin?

A) The side effects include headache, hypotension, and tachycardia.
B) When using sublingual nitroglycerin, the patient should have a moist mouth so that the medication will dissolve.
C) It is a stable medication and is effective until the expiration date whether the bottle has been opened or not.
D) When using transdermal nitroglycerin, the medication should be worn no more than 10 to 12 hours per day to avoid developing tolerance.
E) Prophylactic nitroglycerin should be discontinued gradually.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of adrenergic-inhibiting agents used in hypertension?

A) They are the most frequently used medications for hypertension.
B) They lower blood pressure and prevent serious cardiovascular complications.
C) They include beta-blockers, alpha/beta-blockers, centrally and peripherally acting adrenergic inhibitors, and ACE inhibitors.
D) They have few side effects and drug interactions.
E) Some may also be used with angina pectoris.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of calcium channel blockers?

A) They are used to treat angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, and hypertension.
B) They block the influx of calcium into smooth and vascular muscles.
C) The elderly are more susceptible to their side effects and have an increased occurrence of weakness, dizziness, falls, and fainting.
D) Smoking and nicotine are safe with their use.
E) Their side effects include swelling of the ankles and feet.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a medication group used in treating hypertension?

A) cardiac glycosides
B) diuretics
C) centrally and peripherally acting adrenergic agents
D) ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists
E) vasodilators

Question 21

Medications used as cardiac antidysrhythmics have multiple drug interactions, some of which may be life-threatening.

Question 22

Patients taking antidysrhythmic medications should be able to take most OTC preparations.

Question 23

Persons who need sublingual nitroglycerin tablets may move this medication to their convenient medication carrier so that it is readily available as needed.

Question 24

If a patient complies with antihypertensive therapy, including medications and lifestyle changes, and hypertension is controlled, medication therapy may be decreased but lifestyle changes must continue.

Question 25

All nitrates have the advantage of rapid onset of action but the disadvantage of a short duration of action.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true of topical hemostatics?

A) They are gelatin or cellulose sponges.
B) They are used to absorb excess blood and fluids and to control bleeding in oral, dental, ophthalmic, and prostate surgery.
C) They are ultimately absorbed by the body.
D) The size and place of a wound have no bearing on which topical hemostatic agent is used.
E) Some are powders, while others are foams, films, or surgical gauze.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of antiplatelet medications?

A) They suppress the clumping of platelets.
B) The most frequently used antiplatelet medication is aspirin.
C) They are effective in preventing myocardial infarctions and strokes.
D) Low doses are just as effective as high doses.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of anticoagulants?

A) They may be given over prolonged periods of time without regard to prothrombin times.
B) Warfarin is the oldest and most frequently used anticoagulant.
C) Oral anticoagulants have a delayed onset of action.
D) Patients taking anticoagulants must be watched carefully for excessive bruising, bloody stools, bleeding gums, and blood in the urine.
E) Warfarin has a long list of drug interactions.

Question 29

Common side effects of antidysrhythmics include severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, and constipation.

Question 30

Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers may be used in treating angina pectoris.

Question 31

When multiple drugs are used for hypertension, the same dosage of each is needed, but the side effects may be reduced.

Question 32

All antidysrhythmic medications may worsen existing conditions and generate new rhythm disorders.

Question 33

Antihypertensives receive the same response in all ethnic and cultural groups.

Question 34

Many drugs interact with cardiac glycosides, so the patient should be careful when taking OTC drugs.

Question 35

Multidrug therapy for hypertension increases the chance of success because several sites of action are being attacked at the same time.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used to affect coagulation?

A) Anticoagulants either may increase the time of coagulation or may be used to precipitate coagulation.
B) Anticoagulants include vitamin K, heparin, and warfarin.
C) Thrombolytic agents are used to promote the dissolution of thrombi.
D) Antiplatelet drugs are used to inhibit the aggregation of platelets.
E) Anticoagulants prevent venous clotting, while thrombolytics dissolve clots.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors?

A) They are also called statins.
B) They have few adverse reactions.
C) The lowering of cholesterol and LDL with these medications is dose dependent.
D) They may be discontinued when lipoprotein levels are lowered.
E) They are used to reduce the progression of CAD, decrease cardiac problems, and decrease mortality.

Question 38

Patients do not have increased congestive heart failure if they should happen to miss a dose of digoxin.

Question 39

All digitalis preparations are similar, and switching between brands and formulations should not lead to any problems.

Question 40

Signs of digitalis toxicity include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, slow pulse rate, and visual disturbances.

Question 41

Fibric acid derivatives are no longer the drugs of choice for hyperlipidemia.

Question 42

The side effects of nicotinic acid include flushing and itching of the skin.

Question 43

Potassium-sparing diuretics are usually used alone to treat hypertension.

Question 44

Diuretics should be taken in the morning.

Question 45

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood vessels.

Question 46

Estrogens may be given to all women to reduce LDL and cholesterol.

Question 47

Thiazide diuretics have a major side effect: loss of potassium.

Question 48

Thiazide diuretics (diuretics that reduce blood volume) are the most frequently used class.

Question 49

Loop diuretics may raise blood sugar levels and cause dehydration.

Question 50

Antihypertensives cure hypertension.

Question 51

Peripheral vasodilators have their effect on the vessels of skeletal muscle with little effect on cutaneous blood flow to reduce pain of walking and standing.

Question 52

Nicotinic acid reduces LDL and VLDL levels and raises HDL levels but is limited by its side effects.

Question 53

Diuretics are used only for the treatment of hypertension.

Question 54

Thrombolytic medications are effective as a treatment of myocardial infarctions if these medications are given within 6 hours of the onset of chest pain.

Question 55

The allied health professional should carefully read all directions for topical hemostatics, since some require administration of saline to the dressing while others must be put on the wound dry.

Question 56

Potassium replacements need to be taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.

Question 57

Oral medications should be taken 1 hour before or 4 hours after bile acid-binding sequestrants to allow for absorption without interference from these hypolipidemics.

Question 58

The first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia includes diet modification and reduction of lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking and obesity, and an increase in exercise.

Question 59

When taking diuretics, the patient should weigh in at regular intervals.

Question 60

Careful monitoring of serum liver and lipoprotein levels are important when using medications to lower serum lipoproteins to ensure that the desired effect is being obtained.

Question 61

Some hyperlipidemic agents and anticoagulants have a category X pregnancy rating.

Question 62

Headaches caused by long-term nitroglycerin preparations are not readily relieved by NSAIDs because they are vascular in origin.

Question 63

Digoxin has a wide therapeutic range before causing side effects and adverse reactions.

Question 64

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Irregular rhythm, such as cardiac rhythm

A)angina pectoris
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)arrhythmia
E)myocardial infarction

Question 65

Nitroglycerin patches are slow in onset and are not effective for ongoing angina attacks.

Question 66

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Buildup of fatty plaque on the walls of arterioles

A)angina pectoris
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)arrhythmia
E)myocardial infarction

Question 67

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Deprivation of blood supply to the heart due to blocked coronary arteries with resulting necrosis of the myocardium

A)angina pectoris
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)arrhythmia
E)myocardial infarction

Question 68

Nitroglycerin tablets should be discarded 6 months after the bottle has been opened.

Question 69

Diuretics and ACE inhibitors are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Question 70

Nitroglycerin preparations may be used prophylactically before any anticipated exertion.

Question 71

One of the main roles of an allied health professional in caring for patients with cardiovascular disease is to take an adequate health history to ensure that the patient is complying with the medications ordered.

Question 72

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Insufficient blood flow to the heart with resulting spasm of the cardiac muscle causing chest pain

A)angina pectoris
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)arrhythmia
E)myocardial infarction

Question 73

Vasodilators are effective to relax or dilate only veins throughout the body.

Question 74

Transdermal nitroglycerin patches may be applied at any site on the body with no regard to hair.

Question 75

The overall goal of treating congestive heart failure is to correct the underlying cause and to gain patient compliance.

Question 76

In taking digitalis preparations, pulse rate should be above 60 and below 90.

Question 77

Nitrates dilate systemic vessels to decrease the force of venous return (preload) and to decrease the arterial pressure the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood (afterload).

Question 78

Many of the antihypertensive medications are a combination of one of the classes of antihypertensives and a diuretic.

Question 79

Nitrates are available in rapid onset to long-acting types.

Question 80

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Thickening of arteriole walls, causing loss of elasticity and ability to contract

A)angina pectoris
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)arrhythmia
E)myocardial infarction