Deck 11: Interpersonal Relationships: Friendship and Romance

Question 1

Harriet and Russ were in their late 40s.Neither had been married before, and they had always said that if they weren't married by age 50 they would marry each other.They came from similar backgrounds and enjoyed each other's company.Neither wanted to go through life unmarried, so marrying just seemed like a good idea.Which of the following types of love characterizes their relationship?

A)storge
B)ludus
C)pragma
D)agape

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When two people have a relationship based on feelings of warmth, understanding, and emotional connection, this is known as

A)passion-based intimacy.
B)emotive intimacy.
C)friendship-based intimacy.
D)an empathic union.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is an initiation norm?

A)a ritualistic and scripted initial interaction
B)a hazing ritual
C)a ritual that is generally unclear to participants
D)a way of greeting someone you don't know that includes physical contact such as a hug

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Our friendships involve "one-way assistance" at what age?

A)as toddlers
B)ages 3-7
C)ages 4-9
D)ages 6-12

Question 5

Tony has been secretly in love with Janessa for about two years.They are good friends, but Tony wants to move things to a more romantic level.When he talks to Janessa about his feelings, she very kindly but firmly tells him that she is only interested in a friendship with him.According to the text, Tony's situation could be described as

A)unrequited romantic interest.
B)disclosure rebuff.
C)intimacy rejection.
D)unwanted clarification.

Question 6

Barbara and George have been married for several years.George has learned that when Barbara wants to talk, he needs to eliminate distractions.So, when she comes into the bedroom after having attended the school board meeting and starts talking, he turns off the TV, even though it's a show he has been waiting to see, and devotes all his attention to her.Which strategy for escalating and maintaining a relationship is George employing?

A)expressing emotions
B)engaging in relationship talk
C)monitoring his perceptions
D)listening actively and responding effectively

Question 7

Annie and Luke met last semester during their freshman orientation week.They date now and then but not exclusively.Both Annie and Luke enjoy each other's company, but neither has considered a committed relationship with the other.Their relationship is characteristic of which of the following types of love?

A)pragma
B)storge
C)agape
D)ludus

Question 8

What is a secret test?

A)a behavior strategically chosen to indirectly determine a partner's feelings
B)a behavior strategically chosen to hide feelings from your partner
C)a relationship test administered by a counselor or psychologist without the knowledge of either partner in a relationship
D)an exercise in which partners explore their relationship, but the results are never revealed to either of them

Question 9

25-year-old Jennifer was in trouble again.She had been using drugs for about a year, which had resulted in her lying to her parents.All of her parents' friends told them to "cut her loose" and let her feel the consequences of her actions.However, her parents always welcomed her into their home and offered any assistance they could.Jennifer's father even picked her up from the police station once and didn't even seem angry on the ride home.The love Jennifer's parents feel for her would be considered

A)pragma.
B)ludus.
C)agape.
D)mania.

Question 10

When Kate wasn't with Justin, she thought about him all the time.Though they had only known each other for two months, she wanted to spend every minute with him, and had even changed her major in college so she could take classes with him.If Justin failed to return a text message to her within 15 or 20 minutes, she would become anxious and fearful, but when she received an affirming message, she would quickly bounce back up to "cloud nine." Justin felt the same about Kate.Which of the following types of love characterizes their relationship?

A)storge
B)ludus
C)pragma
D)mania

Question 11

Will and Allison had been dating for some time and their college graduation was only two months away.Allison had wondered what would happen to their relationship after college-Will had a job prospect in faraway Oregon and he hadn't really talked over the implications of accepting the job with her.One evening, while out to dinner, Will broached the subject and declared that while he wasn't quite ready for engagement, he was moving that direction and would only take the job if such a future included Allison.Their talk is an example of a

A)turning point.
B)intentionality discussion.
C)relationship reinforcement.
D)clarification.

Question 12

Desiree and Jorg have been dating for several months.One night while watching TV, Desiree turns to Jorg and says, "Jorg, we've been dating for a while now.I'm wondering if we have a future together." Jorg responds, "I certainly hope so.I've been wondering myself if we might want to make our relationship more formal." Desiree says, "What did you have in mind?" Jorg says, "Well, since you are a freshman and I know how important your education is to your parents, I don't think an engagement is right just now.But I would like us to commit to dating each other exclusively." Desiree says, "That was kind of my thinking, too." What strategy for escalating or maintaining a relationship are they employing?

A)expressing emotions
B)social decentering and adapting
C)engaging in relationship talk
D)seeking compliance

Question 13

What are affinity-seeking strategies?

A)extreme measures to get to know someone
B)strategies that we use to try to increase someone's attraction to us
C)strategies used to end a relationship
D)strategies that discourage physical contact

Question 14

Which of the following reflects researcher Heidi Reeder's findings about romantic and physical attraction in cross-sex relationships as they endure over time?

A)Romantic and physical/sexual attraction diminish over time.
B)Romantic and physical/sexual attraction increase over time.
C)Romantic and physical/sexual attraction stay the same over time.
D)Romantic and physical/sexual attraction disappear over time.

Question 15

Which of the four factors identified as specifically affecting the development of intercultural friendships occurs as partners move from acquaintanceship to friendship, socializing within the specific cultural or intercultural context of one of the partners?

A)cultural similarities
B)cultural differences
C)prior intercultural experiences
D)targeted socializing

Question 16

Morgan wants to know more about her partner because she likes control in her life as well as predictability.In order to achieve these goals, she gathers information about her partner so she can better predict how he will act in given situations.She has been in this relationship for nearly a year, but feels the need to gain greater control and predictability.This is an example of which of the following?

A)uncertainty reduction theory
B)predicted outcome value
C)social exchange theory
D)relationship-specific social decentering

Question 17

Exploring values, negotiating new relationships with family members, discovering romantic and sexual opportunities, becoming more other-oriented, and seeking increased intimacy are all associated with

A)childhood.
B)adolescence.
C)young adulthood.
D)adulthood.

Question 18

Janelle likes Allen.When he approaches her she turns to him, waves, and gives an animated smile.She is manifesting

A)self-confidence.
B)forwardness.
C)approachability cues.
D)an open-door attitude.

Question 19

Which friendships are most important for honing our skills for successful romantic relationships?

A)adolescent
B)young adult
C)adult
D)childhood

Question 20

"Friends with benefits" are characterized by which of the following?

A)nonsexual altruism
B)sexual interactions only
C)both sexual and nonsexual interactions
D)valuing their sexual interactions over their friendship

Question 21

In the triangular theory of love, fatuous love is passion plus intimacy.

Question 22

The term relationship-specific social decentering describes other-oriented skills based on the knowledge and understanding gained in a specific intimate relationship.

Question 23

Men tend to act less interpersonally competitive in their friendships with women, but women's competitiveness increases in their friendships with males.

Question 24

Approachability cues indicate that a person either wishes to be left alone or wishes to be approached.

Question 25

In the triangular theory of love, romantic love is passion plus intimacy.

Question 26

Hector and Mary Beth have been married for just a few months.Hector begins to notice that Mary Beth expects him to take out the trash every time.Why can't she take it out once in a while? He decides to ask her about the issue.Mary Beth says she wasn't aware that she was asking him to do it all the time, but she usually thinks about it when she is doing the dishes.When she's up to her elbows in soapsuds, it just seems reasonable to ask Hector to take out the trash.Hector indicates that he will do the dishes sometimes, if she will take out the trash sometimes.Mary Beth agrees.Which strategy for escalating and maintaining relationships are they using?

A)engaging in relationship talk
B)being tolerant and showing restraint
C)expressing emotions
D)managing conflict cooperatively

Question 27

Compared to a ludus type of love, storge love usually develops over a longer period of time.

Question 28

Sexual attraction is reduced in cross-sex friendships when there is a commitment to developing and maintaining the relationship as friends.

Question 29

Affinity-seeking strategies are efforts to keep others from getting too close to us.

Question 30

Individuals who use many affinity-seeking strategies are more likely to be perceived as likeable.

Question 31

Which of the following has been identified as the most important dimension in the triangular theory of love for developing romantic relationships?

A)attraction
B)passion
C)intimacy
D)commitment

Question 32

Alice and Alma are in their late 60s and have been friends for a number of years.They are more likely to enjoy relational satisfaction and experience less relational conflict.

Question 33

If we maintain our best friendships from high school, our likelihood of forming new best friends in college is reduced.

Question 34

In one study reported in your textbook that examined the qualities associated with friendship in various ethnic groups in the United States, which of the following conclusions was found?

A)Latinos emphasized a caring, positive exchange of ideas.
B)Asian Americans emphasized recognizing the needs of the individual.
C)African Americans emphasized respect and acceptance.
D)Anglo Americans emphasized freedom from excessive commitment.

Question 35

Miguel and Maria have been married for several years.Maria has been coming home from work and complaining bitterly about the new boss and all the changes that are going on.Miguel is getting a little tired of hearing her complaints but knows that Maria really needs to let off some steam.So instead of telling her to quit, he gives her a hug, asks her to sit down, and tell him all about it.Which strategy for escalating and maintaining a relationship is Miguel employing?

A)engaging in relationship talk
B)socially decentering and adopting an other-oriented perspective
C)seeking compliance
D)managing conflict cooperatively

Question 36

Lillian Rubin's research found that in cross-sex friendships, women reported feeling a higher level of intimacy and friendship that their male counterparts.

Question 37

One large national survey found that the formation of interracial friendships in the United States is associated with participation in nonreligious civic groups, socializing with coworkers, social status, shared neighborhoods, and the diversity of the community.

Question 38

Al and Frank have been in a romantic relationship for about two months.Al has been plagued with low self-esteem; he craves attention and is obsessed with his relationship with Frank.Frank, on the other hand, sees the relationship as something of a game.He enjoys his time with Al, but he is not obsessed with the sexual aspect of that relationship.Frank may be quite willing to end the relationship if he sees it as no longer mutually satisfying or fun.Al and Frank most likely exhibit which two love styles?

A)Al exhibits mania and Frank exhibits ludus.
B)Al exhibits agape and Frank exhibits ludus.
C)Al exhibits mania and Frank exhibits eros.
D)Al exhibits mania and so does Frank.

Question 39

Molly uses nonverbal cues, such as smiling and leaning toward Brutus whenever she sees him.She also uses verbal cues, such as saying his name, asking how he is doing, and so on.Molly is employing affinity-seeking strategies.

Question 40

The triangular theory of love posits that all loving relationships can be described according to three dimensions: intimacy, compatibility, and passion.

Question 41

Explain the difference(s)between friendship-based intimacy and passion-based intimacy.

Question 42

What is the underlying assumption of uncertainty reduction theory? Give an example of how can we reduce uncertainties.

Question 43

Define friendship and list at least six of the qualities of friendship.

Question 44

Explain the triangular theory of love put forth by psychologist Robert Sternberg.

Question 45

Identify and briefly define the six types of love established by sociologist John Alan Lee that are found in both romantic and nonromantic relationships.

Question 46

What are the four skills and strategies used primarily to initiate a relationship? Give an example.

Question 47

Describe the four factors that have been identified that specifically affect the development of intercultural friendships.

Question 48

Define, explain, and give an example of relationship talk.

Question 49

Describe the five sometimes overlapping stages of childhood friendships.

Question 50

What is meant by relationship-specific social decentering? Provide an example.