Deck 4: Psychological Factors and Health

Question 1

According to Hans Selye, the body's response to stress is called ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) the Stockholm syndrome
C) the phi phenomenon
D) the general adaptation syndrome

Answer 1

the general adaptation syndrome

Question 2

The alarm reaction stage involves body changes that are regulated by the endocrine system and the ______.

A) somatic nervous system
B) spinal cord in the central nervous system
C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
D) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 3

The correct chronological sequence for the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome is ______.

A) alarm reaction, exhaustion, resistance
B) exhaustion, resistance, alarm reaction
C) resistance, alarm reaction, exhaustion
D) alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

Answer 3

alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

Question 4

______ psychologists study the way stress affects the body, especially the immune system.

A) Clinical
B) Experimental
C) Forensic
D) Health

Question 5

An innate adaptive response to the perception of danger is the ______.

A) Stockholm syndrome
B) Phi phenomenon
C) intern's syndrome
D) fight-or-flight reaction

Question 6

The general adaptation syndrome was first theorized by ______.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Walter Cannon
C) Hans Selye
D) Charles Darwin

Question 7

According to your text, the fight-or-flight reaction is the same as the ______.

A) alarm reaction stage
B) exhaustion stage
C) resistance stage
D) refractory reaction stage

Question 8

Psychological factors, such as stress, ______ in determining the length and quality of our lives.

A) play virtually no part
B) play only a minor role
C) play a major role
D) completely determine

Question 9

The ______ regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion.

A) adrenal cortex
B) autonomic nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
D) efferent nervous system

Question 10

The general adaptation syndrome has ______ stages.

A) five
B) four
C) three
D) two

Question 11

Psychological factors, such as stress, ______ in determining our vulnerability to life-threatening diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

A) play virtually no part
B) play only a minor role
C) play a major role
D) completely determine

Question 12

Harmful viruses and bacteria are examples of ______.

A) antigens
B) pathogens
C) leukocytes
D) antibodies

Question 13

The stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which the body mobilizes for defense is the ______ stage.

A) early warning
B) alarm reaction
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 14

Health psychology studies ______.

A) the effects of illness on a person's psychological functioning
B) psychological methods for helping people with psychosomatic illnesses learn to overcome their disorders
C) the relationships between the psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical illnesses
D) the psychological qualities of mentally healthy individuals

Question 15

The general adaptation syndrome refers to ______.

A) the body's physiological response to stress
B) the brain's emotional response to stress
C) the body's decreasing ability to adapt to new or rapidly changing situations as we get older
D) the body's tendency to reset its metabolism at different levels in different surroundings

Question 16

The researcher who has been playfully called "Dr. Stress," is ______.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Walter Cannon
C) Hans Selye
D) Charles Darwin

Question 17

Nancy is a psychologist studying the relationships between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical illness. Her field of study is ______.

A) health psychology
B) clinical psychology
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) psychobiology

Question 18

A microscopic organism that can cause disease is known as ______.

A) an antigen
B) a pathogen
C) a leukocyte
D) an antibody

Question 19

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the ______.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion stage
C) resistance stage
D) refractory period

Question 20

The researcher known for first identifying the fight-or-flight response is ______.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Walter Cannon
C) Hans Selye
D) Charles Darwin

Question 21

A person who is calmly eating a meal probably has a(n) ______ that is active at that point in time.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) afferent nervous system
D) efferent nervous system

Question 22

______ help(s) the body resist stress by making nutrients that are stored in the body more available for use in meeting demands for energy that is required to cope with stressful events.

A) CRH
B) ACTH
C) Adrenaline
D) Corticosteroids

Question 23

The hypothalamus secretes ______ during the alarm reaction.

A) corticosteroids
B) neurotransmitters
C) CRH
D) ACTH

Question 24

The endocrine system consists of ______.

A) ducted glands such as tear ducts and salivary glands
B) involuntary muscles
C) voluntary muscles
D) ductless glands such as the pituitary gland

Question 25

Substances secreted by the endocrine glands that regulate various bodily functions are ______.

A) neurotransmitters
B) prostaglandins
C) hormones
D) endorphins

Question 26

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that increase resistance to stress in ways such as fighting inflammation and causing the liver to release stores of sugar are ______.

A) corticosteroids
B) endorphins
C) prostaglandins
D) neuroleptics

Question 27

The division of the autonomic nervous system that tones down states of bodily arousal and controls bodily processes that replenish resources, such as digestion, is the ______.

A) reticular formation
B) parasympathetic division
C) sympathetic division
D) somatic division

Question 28

The correct chronological sequence of how the endocrine glands are activated during the alarm reaction stage is ______.

A) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal
B) hypothalamus, adrenal, pituitary
C) adrenal, pituitary, hypothalamus
D) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal

Question 29

The body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

A)lymphatic
B)endocrine
C)immune
D)cardiovascular

Question 30

A person who finds herself impatient and fidgeting while stuck in traffic or waiting in line is activating the ______.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) afferent nervous system
D) efferent nervous system

Question 31

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have ______ effects.

A) unknown
B) few, if any
C) largely opposite
D) mostly similar

Question 32

Corticosteroids are secreted by the ______ during the alarm reaction stage.

A) adrenal cortex
B) pineal gland
C) pituitary gland
D) adrenal medulla

Question 33

Stress has a domino effect on a set of endocrine glands that are labeled the ______ axis.

A) CTH
B) HPA
C) RNA
D) STEM

Question 34

The endocrine system affects the body through the production of ______.

A) hormones
B) pheromones
C) tears and sweat
D) antibodies

Question 35

Each of the following is one of the three key glands activated by stress during the alarm reaction stage EXCEPT the ______.

A) adrenal gland
B) hypothalamus
C) pituitary
D) pineal gland

Question 36

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the ______.

A) central branch and the peripheral branch
B) afferent division and the efferent division
C) somatic branch and the pulmonary branch
D) sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division

Question 37

The adrenal glands secret ______ during the alarm reaction.

A) corticosteroids
B) neurotransmitters
C) CRH
D) ACTH

Question 38

The pituitary gland secretes ______ during the alarm reaction.

A) corticosteroids
B) neurotransmitters
C) CRH
D) ACTH

Question 39

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during activities and emotional responses is the ______.

A) reticular formation
B) parasympathetic division
C) sympathetic division
D) somatic division

Question 40

The structure in the brain that is crucial to the alarm reaction stage is the ______.

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) reticular formation
D) caudate nucleus

Question 41

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the ______.

A) thalamus
B) pineal gland
C) pituitary gland
D) adrenal medulla

Question 42

The small, pea-sized structure in the brain involved in regulating many bodily processes, including hunger, sleep, emotions, and body temperature, is the ______.

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) pineal gland

Question 43

Corticosteroids can be most harmful to the ______ system.

A) respiratory
B) skeletal-muscular
C) cardiovascular
D) digestive

Question 44

State anxiety is a ______ variable and trait anxiety is a ______ variable.

A) personality, personality
B) personality, situational
C) situational, personality
D) situational, situational

Question 45

In the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity are ______ than in the alarm reaction stage, and are ______ than normal.

A) lower, lower
B) higher, lower
C) lower, higher
D) higher, higher

Question 46

In the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the ______ of the autonomic nervous system may become dominant.

A) reticular formation
B) parasympathetic division
C) sympathetic division
D) somatic division

Question 47

When you have been in the alarm reaction stage and the threat is removed, the ______ nervous system takes control of the body.

A) tertiary
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) parasympathetic

Question 48

Diseases of adaptation develop during the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion
C) refractory
D) resistance

Question 49

Continued stress, after the body has reached the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, leads to ______.

A) diseases of adaptation
B) hypochondriasis
C) a second alarm reaction
D) a reaction formation

Question 50

During the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body is depleted of resources required for combating stress.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion
C) refractory
D) resistance

Question 51

The resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is also known as the ______ stage.

A) burnout
B) fight-or-flight
C) refractory
D) adaptation

Question 52

Diseases of adaptation result primarily from ______.

A) sudden, severe trauma
B) malfunctioning of the parasympathetic division
C) prolonged, unresolved stress
D) malfunctioning of the sympathetic division

Question 53

If the fight-or-flight reaction mobilizes the body and the stressor is not removed, we enter the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion
C) resistance
D) refractory

Question 54

The two hormones released by the adrenal medulla that arouse the body by accelerating heart rate, and stimulating the liver to release stored energy in the form of glucose are ______.

A) cortisol and ACTH
B) adrenaline and noradrenaline
C) serotonin and dopamine
D) dopamine and melatonin

Question 55

A temporary condition of anxiety that may be attributed to a situation is ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) state anxiety
C) a response set
D) trait anxiety

Question 56

Jonathon experiences persistent feelings of dread and foreboding. He is chronically worried and concerned. He has ______.

A) the general adaptation syndrome
B) state anxiety
C) the Stockholm syndrome
D) trait anxiety

Question 57

Tyrone is experiencing feelings of dread and foreboding about his psychology exam tomorrow. He usually has little, if any, trouble with worrying but this exam has him scared. Tyrone has ______.

A) chronic dissociative disorder
B) state anxiety
C) the Stockholm syndrome
D) trait anxiety

Question 58

A general emotional response to stress, and a cause of stress itself, is called ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) adaptation
C) anxiety
D) disequilibrium

Question 59

The stage in the general adaptation syndrome in which the body, after prolonged exposure to a stressor, attempts to restore lost energy and repair whatever damage has been done is called the ______ stage.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion
C) resistance
D) refractory

Question 60

The final stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the ______ stage.

A) alarm reaction
B) exhaustion
C) refractory
D) resistance

Question 61

White blood cells that fight off bacteria and viruses are called ______.

A) pathogens
B) leukocytes
C) androgens
D) nucleotides

Question 62

The immune system remembers how to battle antigens from previous infections through the use of ______.

A) endorphins
B) neurotransmitters
C) antibodies
D) hemoglobin

Question 63

Anger ______ an enduring trait, and hostility ______ an enduring trait.

A) is not, is not
B) is, is not
C) is not, is
D) is, is

Question 64

An emotional state that usually occurs in response to stressors such as frustration and social provocation, and is NOT enduring is called ______.

A) anger
B) hostility
C) paranoia
D) anxiety

Question 65

Anger tends to motivate ______.

A) escape behavior
B) aggressive behavior
C) withdrawal behavior
D) assertive behavior

Question 66

An emotional state that usually involves cognitions to the effect that the world should not thwart our efforts to meet our needs or that another person has no right to treat us in a certain way, is ______.

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) complacency
D) anger

Question 67

Microscopic organisms that can cause disease are called ______.

A) Prostaglandins
B) Antigens
C) Pathogens
D) antigens

Question 68

Anxiety tends to motivate ______.

A) escape behavior
B) aggressive behavior
C) withdrawal behavior
D) assertive behavior

Question 69

On a biological level, ______ involve(s) predominantly sympathetic nervous system arousal.

A) neither trait nor state anxiety
B) state anxiety but not trait anxiety
C) trait anxiety but not state anxiety
D) both state and trait anxiety

Question 70

When our bodily arousal becomes too high, we tend to focus on ______.

A) the task at hand
B) distracting stimuli
C) our body's responses
D) other people around us

Question 71

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancerous cells are all ______.

A) pathogens
B) leukocytes
C) androgens
D) antigens

Question 72

Biologically, the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome is dominated by ______.

A) neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic arousal
B) sympathetic but not parasympathetic arousal
C) parasympathetic but not sympathetic arousal
D) both sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal

Question 73

A substance, usually found on the surface of foreign agents, that stimulates the body to mount an immune-system response to it is called a(n) ______.

A) pathogen
B) antibody
C) antigen
D) platelet

Question 74

Biologically, depression is characterized by ______.

A) neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic arousal
B) sympathetic but not parasympathetic arousal
C) parasympathetic but not sympathetic arousal
D) both sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal

Question 75

The body's line of defense against disease and defective cells is the ______ system.

A) alarm reaction
B) cardio-pulmonary
C) endocrine
D) immune

Question 76

The immune system uses ______ to fight off bacteria and viruses.

A) platelets
B) antigens
C) pathogens
D) leukocytes

Question 77

Depression tends to motivate ______.

A) escape behavior
B) aggressive behavior
C) withdrawal behavior
D) assertive behavior

Question 78

The system of our body that recognizes and destroys foreign agents is our ______ system.

A) alarm reaction
B) cardio-pulmonary
C) endocrine
D) immune

Question 79

An emotional state that usually occurs in response to stressors such as prolonged stress, loss of a loved one, failure, or prolonged inactivity is ______.

A) anger
B) relaxation
C) anxiety
D) depression

Question 80

Rhonda is upset at the way she was just treated by her boss. Although her feelings are temporary, because normally she likes her boss, right now she is thoroughly hurt and frustrated with him. Her feelings are best described as ______.

A) anger
B) hostility
C) paranoia
D) anxiety