Deck 16: Psychotherapy

Question 1

The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A) loneliness and phobias.
B) excessive anxiety and depression.
C) low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
D) marital conflict and a sense of loneliness.

Answer 1

excessive anxiety and depression.

Question 2

Which of the following is not among the major approaches to therapy discussed in your textbook?

A) insight therapies
B) behavior therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) transpersonal therapies

Answer 2

transpersonal therapies

Question 3

Dr. Benoitte has an MD and usually treats people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Dr. Benoitte probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Answer 3

psychiatrist.

Question 4

The main goal of behavior therapy is to

A) alter the client's brain chemistry by prescribing specific drugs.
B) change the client's thought patterns so that negative emotions can be controlled.
C) alter the frequency of problem behaviors using conditioning techniques.
D) identify the early childhood unconscious conflicts that are the source of the client's symptoms.

Question 5

Today, psychoanalysis is most likely to be practiced by which of the following types of mental health professionals?

A) psychiatrists
B) social workers
C) clinical psychologists
D) counseling psychologists

Question 6

Dr. Jones has a Ph.D. and usually treats people with depression and phobic disorders. Dr. Jones probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 7

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A) self-fulfillment.
B) behavioral intervention.
C) self-concept congruency.
D) unconscious conflict.

Question 8

Traditionally, biomedical therapies are usually provided by

A) counselors.
B) psychiatrists.
C) psychologists.
D) social workers.

Question 9

In their provision of therapy, psychiatrists tend to emphasize ____ treatments.

A) group
B) behavioral
C) biomedical
D) humanistic

Question 10

In psychoanalysis, free association is used to

A) overcome resistance.
B) explore the unconscious.
C) modify maladaptive habits.
D) clarify clients' feelings about their self-concept.

Question 11

Which of the following concepts is least closely associated with psychoanalytic treatment?

A) transference
B) free association
C) negative thinking
D) unconscious conflict

Question 12

Andre has recently been prescribed Xanax for a psychological disorder. His provider must believe in

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) transpersonal therapy.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding treatment for psychological problems is most accurate?

A) Men are more likely than women to receive therapy.
B) Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
C) Only people who have an identifiable psychological disorder are eligible for therapy.
D) People with less education are more likely to enter therapy than those with more education.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals is credited with developing psychoanalysis?

A) Carl Jung
B) Alfred Adler
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Richard Lazarus

Question 15

Ms. Harding has a master's degree and usually treats people with minor depression and communication problems. Ms. Harding probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) counseling psychologist.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 16

The prescription of drugs in the treatment of psychological disorders is a feature of

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) transpersonal therapy.

Question 17

Freud believed that neuroses were caused by

A) negative thinking.
B) classically conditioned fear responses.
C) unresolved conflicts in the unconscious.
D) incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.

Question 18

Which of the following terms refers to a psychoanalytic technique involving spontaneous expression of thoughts with as little censorship as possible?

A) resistance
B) transference
C) interpretation
D) free association

Question 19

Which of the following statements reflects the theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?

A) A clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs, but a counseling psychologist can't.
B) A clinical psychologist has a doctorate, whereas a counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
C) Clinical psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy whereas counseling psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy.
D) A clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders, whereas a counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the role of counselors in providing therapy is not accurate?

A) Counselors typically have a master's degree.
B) Counselors tend to emphasize the biomedical approach to treatment.
C) Counselors often specialize in particular types of problems, such as marital conflict.
D) Counselors are usually found working in schools, colleges, and human service agencies.

Question 21

According to the client-centered approach to therapy, personal distress and neurotic anxieties are usually caused by

A) conflicts centering on sex.
B) conflicts centering on psychosocial issues.
C) incongruence between self-concept and reality.
D) maladaptive habits that have been previously reinforced.

Question 22

The "descendants" of Freud's classical version of psychoanalysis are collectively known as ____ approaches to therapy.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) client-centered
D) psychodynamic

Question 23

Psychoanalysis, Freudian style, usually takes

A) less than 6 months.
B) 6 months to 1 year.
C) 1 to 3 years.
D) 3 to 5 years.

Question 24

In ____, clients relate to their therapist in ways that mimic key relationships in their lives.

A) congruence
B) transference
C) interpretation
D) free association

Question 25

____ is spontaneously expressing thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur.

A) Relaxation analysis
B) Dream analysis
C) Free association
D) Connection mechanisms

Question 26

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the major force promoting healthy change in therapy?

A) a supportive emotional climate
B) the extinction of negative self-talk
C) conditional positive regard for the client
D) the transference of the client's negative feelings to the therapist

Question 27

____ is the simultaneous treatment of several clients together.

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Group therapy
C) Insurance fraud
D) Insight therapy

Question 28

____ are unconscious defense maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy.

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Interpretation linkage
D) Free association linkage

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the conditions Rogers felt was necessary for a positive therapeutic climate?

A) empathy
B) genuineness
C) conditional free association
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 30

Client-centered therapy is based on the assumption that incongruence between the client's self-concept and reality is caused by the client's

A) lack of ego strength.
B) dependence on others for approval.
C) inability to overcome conditioned habits.
D) tendency to engage in negative thinking.

Question 31

When a client starts behaving as though the psychoanalyst were a parent or a lover, it is likely that ____ is taking place.

A) resistance
B) transference
C) interpretation
D) free association

Question 32

Client-centered therapy was developed by

A) Carl Jung.
B) Aaron Beck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 33

According to Freud, which of the following was/were the "royal road to the unconscious"?

A) the id
B) dreams
C) free association
D) defense mechanisms

Question 34

Lenny's therapy is progressing very quickly. Lenny's likes to go in and openly explore his problems rapidly, and his therapist seems open to that. He also feels very supported during the therapy. Lenny is probably in ____ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) client-center
C) cognitive
D) behavior

Question 35

Paul's father was always very competitive with Paul. Lately, in therapy, Paul has been trying to prove that he makes more money and is smarter than the therapist. Paul is showing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) over-interpretation.
D) free association linkage.

Question 36

According to the system of psychoanalysis, ____ involves the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors.

A) resistance
B) transference
C) interpretation
D) free association

Question 37

Meagan has been receiving psychotherapy. Lately she has been showing up late and has become hostile to such an extent that it is interfering with her therapy. She is likely showing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) interpretation.
D) free association.

Question 38

If a client in psychoanalysis attempts to lead the therapist away from sensitive issues, the client is displaying

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) over-interpretation.
D) free association linkage.

Question 39

Because Suzanne has always felt an unconscious rivalry with her mother, she is hostile to her therapist who is just a little younger than her mother and a female. Suzanne's behavior is most likely a form of

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) misinterpretation.

Question 40

In client-centered therapy, the therapist must demonstrate a complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person. This approach is most consistent with which of the following conditions of therapy?

A) empathy
B) genuineness
C) conditional free association
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 41

The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client work though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 42

The benefits of group therapy include all of the following except

A) clients learn they are not unique in their problems.
B) interpersonal skills can be improved.
C) it is less effective than individual therapy.
D) the group provides social support.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about group therapy is not accurate?

A) Each participant helps select other members of the group.
B) A therapy group typically consists of five to ten participants.
C) The participants essentially function as therapists for one another.
D) The therapist may share his or her own personal feelings with the group.

Question 44

All but which of the following is a most widely cited common factor at the core of various therapies?

A) an alliance with a professional helper
B) emotional support and empathy from the therapist
C) plausible methods for alleviating problems
D) adjusting to old patterns of behavior

Question 45

A therapist openly challenges a client's statement that she is a failure because her boyfriend left her. The therapist instructs the client to record her thoughts throughout the next three days regarding her effectiveness in different situations. This is characteristic of

A) behavior therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 46

Systematic desensitization was devised by

A) Albert Ellis.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Joseph Wolpe.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 47

Which of the following statements best reflects the current view of psychologists on the issue of recovered memories?

A) Most psychologists accept recovered memories at face value.
B) Psychologists tend to be sharply divided on the issue of repressed memories.
C) Most psychologists blame psychiatrists for "creating" the controversy in the first place.
D) There is very little controversy on the subject.

Question 48

Research indicates that insight therapy is

A) superior to biomedical therapy.
B) superior to no treatment.
C) only temporarily effective.
D) requires years for any noticeable change.

Question 49

Behavior therapy emerged from research fostered by which of the following individuals?

A) B.F. Skinner
B) Hans Eysenck
C) Joseph Wolpe
D) all of these

Question 50

Which of these is not an assumption of behavior therapies?

A) Pathological behavior is learned.
B) Pathological behavior can be unlearned.
C) Parents often do not provide enough teaching of proper behaviors.
D) All of these are assumptions.

Question 51

Insight therapy provides

A) positive effects for a minority of clients.
B) a unified approach to psychotherapeutic mechanisms of action.
C) diverse approaches with common factors.
D) little evidence of any effective treatment.

Question 52

Counterconditioning is

A) the process used in systematic desensitization.
B) a reversal of classical conditioning.
C) a way to have a stimulus that used to elicit anxiety, now elicit a state of relaxation.
D) all of these.

Question 53

Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion regarding the repressed memories controversy?

A) Therapists can unknowingly create false memories in their patients.
B) It seems likely that some cases of recovered memories are authentic.
C) A significant portion of recovered memories of abuse are the product of suggestion.
D) All of these can reasonably be concluded.

Question 54

According to Beck, which kind of thought process tends to produce depression?

A) focusing selectively on positive experiences
B) making unduly pessimistic projections about the future
C) blaming setbacks on circumstantial factors without considering personal inadequacies
D) all of these

Question 55

Behavior therapy involves using the principles of ____ to change problem behavior.

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) all of these

Question 56

Which of the following is generally not considered an advantage of group therapy?

A) Clients come to realize that their unhappiness is not necessarily unique.
B) Group therapy is less expensive for clients.
C) All types of problems are well suited to it.
D) Clients can practice their social skills in a safe environment.

Question 57

Common factors in therapy most likely

A) are responsible for nearly all of progress made in therapy.
B) combine with specific procedures to benefit the client.
C) play a significant role in insight therapy.
D) do none of these.

Question 58

In group therapy, the participants' most important role is to

A) set goals for the group.
B) provide acceptance and emotional support for each other.
C) gently reprimand group members who don't make progress.
D) use free association to explore each other's unconscious conflicts.

Question 59

____ is a behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

A) Free association
B) Self-modification
C) Aversion therapy
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 60

The main goal of cognitive therapy is to

A) change clients' negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.
B) uncover unconscious conflicts.
C) provide a supportive environment.
D) foster self-acceptance and personal growth.

Question 61

Which of the following is not considered a type of therapeutic drug?

A) antianxiety
B) antineurotic
C) antipsychotic
D) antidepressant

Question 62

____ is a behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

A) Free association
B) Self-modification
C) Aversion therapy
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 63

Behavior therapies are least likely to be effective in the treatment of which of the following?

A) phobias
B) drug-related problems
C) vague feelings of discontent
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 64

Which of the following is a common side effect of antianxiety drugs?

A) nausea
B) depression
C) drowsiness
D) all of these

Question 65

The third step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client works though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 66

Antipsychotic drugs

A) tend to produce an immediate, but short-lasting, effect.
B) are effective for only a small minority of psychotic patients.
C) are often prescribed even for individuals who have no psychotic disorder.
D) gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

Question 67

Evidence on systematic desensitization generally indicates that it is an effective procedure for eliminating

A) negative self-talk.
B) specific anxieties.
C) generalized anxiety.
D) drug and alcohol problems.

Question 68

____ drugs are used to relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness.

A) Antianxiety
B) Antineurotic
C) Antipsychotic
D) Antidepressant

Question 69

Which of the following techniques is least likely to be used in social skills training?

A) shaping
B) modeling
C) counterconditioning
D) behavioral rehearsal

Question 70

Which of the following has been treated successfully with aversion therapy?

A) schizophrenia
B) alcohol dependence
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 71

____ is an incurable side effect marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements sometimes caused by antipsychotics.

A) Disorganized schizophrenia
B) Catatonic schizophrenia
C) Tic disorder
D) Tardive dyskinesia

Question 72

Biomedical therapies involve

A) complex verbal interactions between therapist and client.
B) active confrontation of clients' inappropriate thought patterns.
C) attempts to manipulate behavior using reward and punishment.
D) physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms.

Question 73

Aversion therapy is most closely associated with which of the following processes?

A) self-actualization
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) observational learning

Question 74

The second step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client works though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 75

____ is the treatment of mental disorders with medication.

A) Insight therapy
B) Behavior therapy
C) Psychopharmacotherapy
D) Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 76

Kerri's therapist has her practice her listening skills in structured, role-playing exercises. Later she is asked to practice these skills with family members, friends, and co-workers. Kerri is likely in a treatment program based on which of the following techniques?

A) self-modification
B) aversion therapy
C) social skills training
D) systematic desensitization

Question 77

Which of the following statements regarding the evaluation of behavior therapies is accurate?

A) Behavior therapists historically have placed little emphasis on measuring therapeutic outcomes.
B) Behavior therapies are well suited for the treatment of virtually any psychological problem.
C) There is favorable evidence on the efficacy of most of the widely used behavioral interventions.
D) Behavior therapists generally have a difficult time measuring progress, due to the nature of their therapeutic goals.

Question 78

Valium, Xanax, and other tranquilizers are most likely to be used to treat which of the following disorders?

A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) anxiety disorders
D) multiple-personality disorder

Question 79

Studies suggest that about ____ percent of psychotic patients respond favorably to antipsychotic medication.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 80

____ is a behavior therapy, designed to improve interpersonal behaviors, that emphasizes shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal.

A) Aversion therapy
B) Self-actualization
C) Social skills training
D) Systematic desensitization