Deck 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

People are particularly likely to experience at least some of the distress found in psychological disorders during times of tension and stress.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An observation is a face-to-face question and answer session with a clinician.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In most countries throughout the world, what classification system is used to categorize individuals with mental illnesses?

Answer 3

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Question 4

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD ) is published by the _____.

A) American Psychological Association
B) american Psychiatric Society
C) World Health Organization
D) United Nations

Question 5

Seamus was a hermit who lived with 200 dogs, cats, and sheep on a farm in Scotland. Although this behavior deviates from societal norms, some may apply a specific label to describe the marked individuality of this person. What is this label?

A) Dysfunctional
B) Dangerous
C) Eccentric
D) Antisocial

Question 6

What term is used to describe an individual who has been diagnosed with two or more psychological disorders?

A) Comorbidity
B) Coaxial illnesses
C) Delusional
D) Fixated

Question 7

Most eccentric people suffer from psychological disorders.

Question 8

The ultimate degree of psychological dysfunction occurs when behavior becomes __________ to oneself or to others.

Question 9

Describe how dysfunction is used to define abnormal behavior.

Question 10

Currently the International Classification of Diseases (ICD ) is in its _____ edition, while the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its _____ edition.

A) first / second
B) second / first
C) fourth / tenth
D) tenth / fourth

Question 11

A person who deviates from common behavior patterns or displays odd or whimsical behavior is called an ______.

Question 12

In a given year, approximately ____ percent of adults in the U.S. display serious psychological disturbance requiring treatment . I would remove this - see page 568. The book does not say the 30% require treatment.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

Question 13

Define the four Ds common to most definitions of abnormality.

Question 14

There is no universally accepted definition of abnormal behavior.

Question 15

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4^th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) provides symptoms for approximately 400 mental disorders.

Question 16

Approximately _____ of children and adolescents in the United States experience serious psychological disturbances.

A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 19%
D) 25%
E) 30%

Question 17

Clara, a self-assured, well-liked, and otherwise average woman in 16^th Century England wanted to pursue an education at the university level. By what definitional criterion may her behavior be considered abnormal?

A) Danger
B) Dysfunction
C) Distress
D) Deviance

Question 18

Assigning a diagnosis suggests that the client's pattern of dysfunction

A) is basically the same as patterns displayed by many other people
B) has been researched in numerous studies
C) has responded to certain kinds of treatment.
D) all of the above

Question 19

In the United States, what classification system is used to categorize individuals with mental illnesses?

Question 20

When clinicians conclude that a person's symptoms fit a particular category of disorder, they can make a __________.

Question 21

Clinicians ask prepared questions in a __________ interview.

Question 22

The leading classification system for mental disorders in the United States is the

A) Clinical Guidebook to Psychological Disorders.
B) Dysfunction and Symptomology Manual.
C) Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment Compendium.
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 23

If a person qualifies for two or more diagnoses, this is called

A) correlation.
B) comorbidity.
C) multiple personality disorder.
D) multiphasic dysfunction.

Question 24

The DSM describes approximately ____ disorders.

A) 200
B) 300
C) 400
D) 500

Question 25

Which of the following groups of disorders is characterized by a loss of contact with reality?

A) schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
B) somatoform disorders
C) anxiety disorders
D) personality disorders

Question 26

Dr Jamu has a 10 year old client who is having difficulty interacting with other children and is being bullied. Which type of diagnostic method would be most useful in gaining insight into the problem?

A) naturalistic observation
B) clinical interview
C) analog observation
D) self-monitoring

Question 27

Huntington's disease is considered a ______ disorder.

A) somatoforom
B) dissociative
C) cognitive
D) psychotic

Question 28

Dr Wilson wants to observe his schizophrenic patient interact with others in a controlled, protected setting. Dr. Wilson is using

A) naturalistic observation.
B) analog observation.
C) self-monitoring.
D) a response inventory.

Question 29

The Beck Depression Inventory is an example of a

A) self-monitoring test.
B) psychodynamic inventory.
C) personality inventory.
D) response inventory.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the somatoform disorders?

A) conversion disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) somatization disorder
D) hypochondriasis

Question 31

Which of the following is one of the four "Ds" of psychological dysfunction?

A) delusions
B) danger
C) dissociation
D) dynamic

Question 32

Describe the drawbacks and limitations of the clinical interview technique.

Question 33

Which of the following is discussed in your text as a drawback of a clinical interview?

A) Clients may be unwilling to share information unless asked direct questions.
B) Clients may avoid discussing uncomfortable or embarrassing issues.
C) Clients may not understand what the clinician is looking for.
D) Clients may change their behavior if they know they are being watched.

Question 34

How does analog observation differ from naturalistic observation?

Question 35

Sandy has learned that depressive thoughts can be tracked and corrected. Every time Sandy has a negative thought, he writes it down and then substitutes a more adaptive thought. Which therapeutic technique is Sandy using?

A) response inventory
B) analog observation
C) self-monitoring
D) participant observer

Question 36

Where does a naturalistic observation occur?

Question 37

Comorbidity means that

A) the disorder is a secondary complication of some other disorder.
B) the disorder has potential consequences for morbidity and mortality.
C) the person qualifies for diagnoses of two or more disorders.
D) the person has a long-term psychological disability that has resulted in at least two hospitalizations.

Question 38

Which of the following measures of psychological dysfunction is most likely to be affected by time, culture, and history?

A) deviance
B) distress
C) dysfunction
D) danger

Question 39

Joe is visiting a therapist for the first time. The therapist says to Joe "tell me more about yourself and why you're here." This is an example of

A) a response inventory.
B) a humanistic therapy session.
C) a structured clinical interview.
D) an unstructured clinical interview.

Question 40

Mary has difficulty understanding how to interact well with other people. She is socially awkward and withdrawn. Which of the criteria of mental illness best describes Mary?

A) deviance
B) distress
C) dysfunction
D) danger

Question 41

Negative conclusions based on little evidence are known as ________.

Question 42

Theorists who believe that individuals are motivated by a need to establish relationships with others are referred to as __________ theorists.

Question 43

______ involves drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

A) Selective perception
B) Magnification
C) Overgeneralization
D) Cognitive dissonance

Question 44

Which of the following phrases reflects the psychodynamic approach to defining abnormal behavior?

A) Abnormal behavior is learned through the observation of societal norms.
B) Abnormal behavior results from unconscious attempts to solve conflicts.
C) Abnormal behavior is observed in other individuals we identify with.
D) Abnormal behavior is a conscious choice to resolve internal conflicts.

Question 45

Describe the three types of clinical observation techniques.

Question 46

Depression is related to the insufficient activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) GABA and dopamine
B) norepinephrine and serotonin
C) acetylcholine and epinephrine
D) glutamate and GABA

Question 47

Cognitive-behavioral theorists view emotions and biological events as unimportant to understanding the development of abnormal functioning.

Question 48

Liana just moved to a new town. Instead of focusing on the benefits of her move, she only sees the negatives. Liana is experiencing _____.

A) selective perception
B) magnification
C) overgeneralization
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 49

Object relations theorists propose that severe ______ may result in abnormal development and psychological problems during adulthood.

A) problems in early relationships
B) neurotransmitter imbalances
C) brain damage
D) malnutrition

Question 50

Neuroscientists have linked some mental disorders to deficient or excessive activity of different neurotransmitters. What causes these problems with brain anatomy and chemical functioning?

Question 51

Loss of cells in the striatum is associated with violent outbursts, memory loss and decreasing control of voluntary movement. This is a description of

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 52

Low levels of dopamine are linked to depression.

Question 53

According to the ______ perspective maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes are at the heart of abnormal functioning.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) sociocultural

Question 54

______ theorists propose that psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic learned behaviors and dysfunctional thought processes.

A) Psychodynamic
B) Cognitive-behavioral
C) Humanistic
D) Sociocultural

Question 55

What does a child's very early relationship with his/her primary caregivers represent to object relations theorists?

Question 56

Object relations theory states that people are motivated by

A) a need to establish relationships with others.
B) a need to achieve a sense of security through the accumulations of objects.
C) a desire to satisfy basic needs before being able to satisfy higher needs.
D) relationships between people and objects are interchangeable.

Question 57

The behavioral perspective suggests that abnormal behavior is learned through _____.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) modeling
D) all of the above

Question 58

Albert Ellis believed that abnormal patterns of functioning are caused by

A) faulty conditioning.
B) imitating maladaptive models.
C) irrational assumptions.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 59

According to Freud, abnormal behavior results when a child becomes fixated at an early stage of development.

Question 60

What stage of fixation may help explain obsessively neat behavior?

Question 61

Janice is depressed. She goes to pour herself a glass of juice and spills it. She says to herself "I can't even pour a glass of juice properly." This is an example of what Beck would call

A) selective perception.
B) magnification.
C) overgeneralization.
D) personalization.

Question 62

Marge just had a party where ten of her guests showed up and two didn't. Marge spends the next day wondering why two of her friends let her down. This is an example of what Beck would call

A) selective perception.
B) magnification.
C) overgeneralization.
D) personalization.

Question 63

According to the behavioral perspective, abnormal behaviors are acquired by the same principles of learning as adaptive behaviors.

Question 64

Describe the relationship between religion and mental health.

Question 65

Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic but less severe form of _____.

A) major depressive disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) dysthymic sorder
D) panic disorder

Question 66

Explain the family systems theory of abnormality.

Question 67

Dysthymic disorder is a chronic but less severe form of _____.

A) major depressive disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) cyclothymic disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 68

According to Carl Rogers, all people have a need to receive __________.

Question 69

Jason failed a ten point pop quiz in his chemistry class. Although there are 500 points possible in the course, he says "I'm not going to pass this course because of this." This is an example of what Beck would call

A) selective perception.
B) magnification.
C) overgeneralization.
D) personalization.

Question 70

Describe the developmental psychopathology model of disorders.

Question 71

How does socioeconomic status (SES) influence psychological abnormality?

Question 72

Describe the sociocultural factors that contribute to psychological disorders.

Question 73

According to the concept of ______ individuals can start out from very different places and yet, as a result of life experiences, eventually function (or dysfunction) in similar ways.

A) multifinality
B) equifinality
C) selective perception
D) overgeneralization

Question 74

______ is a low, sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges seem overwhelming. ______ the opposite of depression, is a state of breathless euphoria, or at least frenzied energy, in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking.

Question 75

Brandon and his brother Trent grew up in a poverty stricken neighborhood with a single mother who was working three jobs to pay the bills. While growing up the boys were often left at home alone and thus were exposed to drugs and crime. Although Brandon grew up to be a successful doctor who is happily married with two children, Trent has been in jail most of his adult life. He is often depressed and has been unable to hold a job and maintain his social relationships. The principle of ______ explains how Brandon and Trent started from the same point but eventually functioned in very different ways.

A) selective perception
B) equifinality
C) multifinality
D) comorbidity

Question 76

The ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances is called ______.

A) magnification
B) comorbidity
C) overgeneralization
D) resilience

Question 77

Compare and contrast the Humanistic and Existential models of abnormal behavior.

Question 78

Societies undergoing the process of __________ usually show a rise in mental disorders due to overcrowding and migration.

Question 79

According to the concept of ______ children can start from the same point and eventually function in very different ways.

A) multifinality
B) equifinality
C) selective perception
D) overgeneralization

Question 80

Gender and racial prejudice and discrimination may contribute to certain forms of abnormal functioning.