Deck 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

People at all socioeconomic levels now receive both outpatient and inpatient therapy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Whereas close to _____ patients were being cared for in public mental hospitals on any given day in 1955, only about _____ populate the same institutions today.

A) 200,000 / 20,000
B) 400,000 / 20,000
C) 600,000 / 40,000
D) 800,000 / 40,000

Answer 2

600,000 / 40,000

Question 3

Describe the various ways that people enter therapy.

Answer 3

Many people decide to consult a therapist on their own. Others may do so on the advice of a friend, family member, minister, physician, or other professional with whom they have discussed their difficulties. Still others are forced into treatment. Parents, spouses, teachers, and employers may virtually order people to seek treatment if they are causing disruptions or are in obvious distress. In addition, judges may formally pronounce people mentally disturbed and dangerous and commit them to a mental hospital for treatment.

Question 4

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of behavior therapy.

Question 5

More than two-thirds of today's therapy patients are male.

Question 6

Approximately how many people (children, adolescents, and adults) in the United States receive therapy for psychological problems in the course of a year?

A) 2 million
B) 5 million
C) 10 million
D) 20 million

Question 7

Drugs that act primarily on the brain to relieve the symptoms of mental disorders are referred to as __________ drugs.

Question 8

Surveys suggest that approximately _____ of clients enter therapy largely because of problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 65%

Question 9

Clients who have severe psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are more likely to work with a psychologist than psychiatrist.

Question 10

In the clinical field today there are, by some estimates, more than ______ forms of therapy, each practiced by clinicians who believe that their chosen methodology is highly effective.

Question 11

Compare the psychotherapy and biological therapy approach to treating psychological disorders.

Question 12

Which of the following therapy techniques is based on the brain approach to treating psychological disorders?

A) Psychosurgery
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Drug therapy
D) All of the above

Question 13

The number and variety of problems for which treatments are available have increased during the past 110 years.

Question 14

How do internet sites that promote eating disorders work against therapy?

Question 15

Most people are treated for psychological disorders on an inpatient basis.

Question 16

Hospitalization for people with psychological disorders today usually lasts weeks instead of months or years.

Question 17

Studies estimate that _____ percent or more of people with psychological disorders never seek treatment.

Question 18

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic therapy.

Question 19

Members of ethnic minority groups in the United States tend to seek treatment for their psychological problems more often than white Americans do.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the features of all therapies, according to Jerome Frank?

A) A warm, supportive environment to foster healing.
B) A sufferer who seeks relief from a healer.
C) A trained, socially accepted healer.
D) A series of contacts between the healer and sufferer to produce change.

Question 21

Lobotomies are used frequently by modern therapists to treat mental disorders.

Question 22

The prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull of a person who behaved in an odd manner was called __________.

Question 23

How can transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) be used to treat depression?

Question 24

______ antipsychotic drugs are not as likely to produce unpleasant and dangerous effects as traditional antipsychotic drugs.

Question 25

Psychiatrists are likely to which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders?

A) Humanistic approach
B) Brain approach
C) Behavioral approach
D) Cognitive approach
E) Sociocultural approach

Question 26

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for patients who have severe ______.

A) schizophrenia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) borderline personality disorder
D) depression

Question 27

Approximately _____ transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patients who are treated daily for four weeks report alleviated depression.

A) 40%
B) 55%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 28

Which of the following statements about biologically based disorders is true?

A) In most biologically-based disorders, a single gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder.
B) If someone has a genetic predisposition for a particular disorder, that person will develop the disorder.
C) More psychological disorders are caused by problems in neurotransmitter levels than by genetic problems.
D) Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.

Question 29

Describe the shortcomings of the biological approach to treating mental disorders.

Question 30

Deep brain stimulation is widely used to treat patients who report minor depressive symptoms.

Question 31

Describe the procedures used in the Vagus nerve stimulation treatment of depression.

Question 32

What percentage of individuals treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) experience symptom relief?

Question 33

Connections in what part of the brain are severed when a lobotomy is performed?

A) Frontal lobes
B) Thalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Pons

Question 34

Just as negative experiences can interact with brain activity to produce abnormal functioning, positive experiences can interact with the brain to make our functioning more normal.

Question 35

Chlorpromazine and clozapine are types of _______ drugs

A) anti-psychotic
B) anti-depressant
C) anti-anxiety
D) mood stabilizers

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an anti-depressant?

A) Elavil
B) Norpramin
C) Paxil
D) Valium

Question 37

Deep brain stimulation is a procedure applied in cases of severe ______.

A) depression
B) Parkinson's disease
C) epilepsy
D) All of the above

Question 38

Approximately _____ vagus nerve stimulation patients who are treated daily for four weeks report alleviated depression.

A) 40%
B) 55%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 39

Which of the following is an anti-depressant?

A) lithium
B) fluoxetine
C) benzodiazepine
D) clozaril

Question 40

Name 2 side effects of patients who underwent lobotomies?

Question 41

Discuss the similarities between Freudian psychoanalysis, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and relational psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 42

When the patient reveals every thought that comes to mind, this is called

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) unconscious motivation
D) a Freudian slip

Question 43

ECT is one available treatment for

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) personality disorders

Question 44

In dream analysis, the ______ content refers to the consciously remembered dream, whereas the ______ content refers to the symbolic meaning.

Question 45

Antidepressant drugs stimulate the production of synapses in the hippocampus.

Question 46

The primary action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is to _____ of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

A) decrease the availability
B) increase the availability
C) stop the production
D) simulate a synthetic substance that mimic the effects of

Question 47

Which of the following drugs is likely to cause severe shaking and contractions of the face and body?

A) anti-depressants
B) anti-psychotic drugs
C) mood stabilizers
D) anti-anxiety drugs.

Question 48

Rena is a therapist who uses resistance, transference, and dream analysis when treating her patients. Rena is practicing the _____ approach to therapy.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) gestalt
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a component of psychodynamic therapy?

A) reflective listening.
B) working through.
C) therapist interpretation.
D) catharsis.

Question 50

Lobotomies were a widely used treatment for _____.

A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) bipolar disorder
D) personality disorders

Question 51

Dr Morgan has always been patient and supportive with his clients. One day, one of them says "Stop trying to control me. You always do that." This would be seen by a Freudian therapist as an example of

A) free association.
B) resistance.
C) catharsis,
D) transference.

Question 52

Margaret has suffered from severe depression for many years. Which of the following procedures might she be considering?

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) neurosurgery
C) lobotomy
D) trephining

Question 53

Approximately _____ of today's clinical psychologists identify themselves as psychodynamic therapists.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 25%
E) 35%

Question 54

Freud believed that psychodynamic therapists should take on the role of a _____ during a treatment session.

Question 55

Which of the following statements about ECT is FALSE?

A) It induces seizures in the brain.
B) It helps 70% of patients treated.
C) It can affect short-term memory, sometimes permanently.
D) It is used more now than in the past because of more advanced medical techniques.

Question 56

Marcia has cancelled one therapy session and is already 10 minutes late for her next one. A psychoanalyst might conclude that Marcia is

A) using transference.
B) exhibiting catharis.
C) showing resistance.
D) free associating.

Question 57

Describe short-term psychodynamic therapy and the concept of a dynamic focus.

Question 58

Describe the role of the therapist in relational psychoanalytic therapy

Question 59

Psychodynamic therapists contend that today's emotional disorder is the result of ______.

A) yesterday's emotional trauma
B) yesterday's maladaptive behaviors
C) today's negative style of thinking
D) today's abnormal brain

Question 60

How do antidepressant drugs restore brain activity to normal levels?

Question 61

When Jonah lies down on his therapist's couch, he is asked to describe thoughts as they come to mind. What therapeutic technique does this describe?

A) Transference
B) Transduction
C) Free association
D) Resistance

Question 62

Describe aversion therapy and provide an example.

Question 63

What psychological phenomenon is exhibited when patients act and feel toward the therapist as they do toward important figures in their lives, past and present?

Question 64

In psychodynamic therapies, the therapist is responsible for starting and leading each discussion.

Question 65

What concept describes the situation in which a desirable behavior is rewarded with the presentation of an object that can later be exchanged for food or other rewards?

Question 66

Modeling the behavior of others can lead to abnormality.

Question 67

The goal of _______ is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that they have been finding too attractive.

A) flooding
B) drug therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) aversion therapy

Question 68

The effects of aversion therapy are typically short-lived.

Question 69

Which of the following is a consequence of maladaptive behavior that may be learned through operant conditioning?

A) Learned consequences are associated with pain.
B) Learned consequences are associated with pleasure.
C) Learned consequences are associated with discomfort.
D) Learned consequences are associated with anxiety.

Question 70

What is the list of feared objects or situations that are used in systematic desensitization called?

Question 71

Which condition(s) can be treated with aversion therapy?

A) Self-mutilation
B) Smoking
C) Sexual deviance
D) All of the above

Question 72

Describe the technique of "working through".

Question 73

Which of the following statements about the impact Freud and his followers have had on treatment is FALSE?

A) They were the first practitioners to demonstrate the value of systematically applying both theory and techniques to treatment.
B) They were also the first to clarify the potential of psychological, as opposed to biological, treatment.
C) Their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments.
D) Their ideas have been strongly supported by empirical research.

Question 74

Research has repeatedly found that systematic desensitization and other classical conditioning techniques reduce phobic reactions more effectively than placebo treatments or no treatment at all.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy is TRUE?

A) Experiencing catharsis will create lasting changes in a person.
B) Resistance is an undesirable event and should be avoided.
C) In order for lasting insight to be gained, a client must examine the same issues over and over again.
D) Psychodynamic therapy is as effective as most other forms of psychotherapy.

Question 76

What experience of reliving past, repressed feelings is believed to be a method of gaining insight?

Question 77

The goal of behavioral therapy is to identify the client's ______.

A) specific problem-causing behaviors and to replace them with more adaptive behaviors
B) unconscious childhood conflicts and repressed memories
C) source of motivation for self-actualization
D) abnormal brain functioning

Question 78

List the three categories of behavioral techniques.

Question 79

In what settings do token economies typically occur?

Question 80

The step-by-step process by which phobias are treated using classical conditioning is known as__________.