Question 1

When someone reveals too much, too soon in communicating with someone else, the other person is likely to ________.&#10;A) withdraw and stop communicating&#10;B) continue the relationship as if nothing had happened&#10;C) speed up the pace at which he or she reveals information&#10;D) listen more and further explore what has been revealed

Accepted Answer

When someone reveals too much too soon, it can overwhelm the other person, leading them to withdraw and stop communicating to protect their own boundaries.

Question 2

Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of ________ exists.&#10;A) nonreciprocity&#10;B) cognitive dissonance&#10;C) identity diffusion&#10;D) cognitive congruence

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance is a psychological term for the mental discomfort experienced by a person who simultaneously holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values. It arises when a person believes two things that are seen as incompatible or when a person’s belief is confronted with evidence that contradicts the belief.

Question 3

In cases where we have some interest in the message, the ________ plays the most important role in determining whether we change our attitudes.&#10;A) message itself&#10;B) credibility of the source&#10;C) context in which the message is delivered&#10;D) medium of the communication

Accepted Answer

message itself

Question 4

Studies on similarity and attractiveness have found that ________.&#10;A) similarity appears to be unrelated to attraction&#10;B) complementarity is a more powerful influence on attraction than similarity&#10;C) the more similar two people are, the weaker the attraction, because of boredom&#10;D) the more similar two people are, the stronger the attraction between them

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that the more similar two people are, the stronger the attraction between them. This is known as the "similarity-attraction" effect. People tend to feel more comfortable and connected with others who share similar attitudes, values, beliefs, and interests. This similarity not only fosters mutual understanding and communication, but it also leads to a sense of validation and reinforcement of one's own beliefs and values. Therefore, option D is correct. The other options are incorrect because they either contradict or are unsupported by the research findings.

Question 5

Teaching a group of sixth-graders to be more understanding of handicapped people and to think about their situations by asking such questions as "How might a handicapped person drive a car?" is an example of ________.

A) recategorization
B) controlled processing
C) cooperative empowerment
D) pole-shifting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Teaching a group of sixth-graders to be...

Question 6

Marie recently bought a stereo system that was promoted at an extremely low price by a national chain. However, she did not realize that the stereo came without many key components that are usually standard equipment. When she bought all of the usually standard parts, the stereo cost her more than its regular market price at other stores. She has been a victim of the ________ procedure.

A) bait and switch
B) foot-in-the-door
C) lowball
D) door-in-the-face

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marie recently bought a stereo system that...

Question 7

Research has found that Japanese students studying in the United States usually attribute their successes to ________ sources and their failures to ________ sources.&#10;A) external; internal&#10;B) internal; external&#10;C) internal; internal&#10;D) external; external

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that Japanese students tend to attribute their successes to external factors such as luck, chance, and outside help, while blaming their failures on internal factors such as lack of ability or effort. This pattern of attribution is largely influenced by cultural values in Japan that prioritize modesty and collective harmony over individual achievement. In contrast, Western cultures tend to promote individual achievement and attribute success to internal factors such as hard work and ability.

Question 8

The effectiveness of either a task-oriented leader or a relationship-oriented leader depends on factors such as the nature of the task and the leader's relationship with the group, according to the ________ model.

A) evolutionary
B) contingency
C) situational
D) great person

Accepted Answer

The contingency model suggests that the effectiveness of a leader depends on controllable and uncontrollable factors, including the context or situation, the leader's behavior style, and the followers' characteristics. In this sense, the model proposes that the most effective leaders are those who can adapt their leadership style to the specific needs and demands of each situation, rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach. Therefore, the model acknowledges that both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leaders can be effective, depending on the current context of the group and the task at hand.

Question 9

Altruistic behavior is most likely to occur if ________.&#10;A) your values are dissimilar to those of the other person&#10;B) there are others present&#10;C) you feel personally responsible for the other person&#10;D) you feel guilty and uncertain

Accepted Answer

Feeling personally responsible for the other person increases the likelihood of altruistic behavior, as it creates a sense of obligation or duty to help. Values being similar or differing and the presence of others may influence behavior, but the strongest predictor is the sense of personal responsibility. Feeling guilty and uncertain may lead to helping behavior, but it is not as reliable a predictor as personal responsibility.

Question 10

The frustration-aggression theory asserts that discrimination and prejudice result from ________.&#10;A) the superiority of one group over another&#10;B) conformity to social norms&#10;C) displaced aggression&#10;D) passive-aggressive personality traits

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression theory proposes that frustration, or the blocking of a person's goals or desires, can lead to displaced aggression. This aggression may then be directed towards a scapegoat or a group that is perceived as less powerful. Discrimination and prejudice may result from this scapegoating behavior.

Deck 14: Social Psychology