Deck 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Question 1

Which of the following statements is an argument for multiple intelligences?

A) Statistical analyses show that all varieties of intelligence tests are highly correlated with one another.
B) Most individuals who score high on verbal tests also score high on quantitative and performance tests.
C) Some individuals score high on verbal tests but very low on quantitative tests, and vice versa.
D) Some people would rather listen to a lecture than view a film because they are "auditory" learners.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The test you are taking right now is an example of

A) an intelligence test.
B) an aptitude test.
C) a culture-free test.
D) an achievement test.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between brain size and some aspects of intelligence?

A) Brain size is moderately related to intelligence.
B) There is no relationship between brain size and intelligence.
C) Brain size is an almost perfect predictor of intelligence.
D) The number and size of cerebral gyri, but not overall brain size, are related to intelligence.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Using the original formula for the intelligence quotient, an 8-year-old child with a mental age of 10 would have an IQ that:

A) is exactly 100.
B) is greater than 100.
C) is less than 100.
D) cannot be determined without more information.

Question 5

A psychologist wishes to use achievement test scores to identify students for a gifted and talented program. Which percentile rank would be the most useful to her?

A) 10^th and above
B) 20^th and below
C) 90^th and above
D) 80^th and below

Question 6

Which of the following statements supports the theory that intelligence is determined in part by genes?

A) The correlation between IQ scores is stronger for fraternal twins than it is for identical twins.
B) Diet and lifestyle factors influence intelligence.
C) Offspring are more similar to their parents when they grow up with them as opposed to when children are raised apart from their parents.
D) Identical twins separated by adoption still have highly correlated IQ scores.

Question 7

What does the Flynn effect refer to?

A) The increase in average IQ test scores over decades
B) The decrease in average IQ test scores over decades
C) The higher IQ test average scores for Asian Americans compared to European Americans
D) The lower IQ test average scores for African Americans compared to European Americans

Question 8

Carlos, who is Hispanic, is asked to take an IQ test by a job placement company. As he sits down to take the test, Carlos begins to think about how minorities in the United States, including Hispanics, are often viewed as less intelligent than others. These thoughts cause Carlos to experience discomfort and anxiety during the test, which then have a negative impact on his test result. Carlos's dilemma is an example of what psychologists call _____.

A) the Flynn effect
B) covert discrimination
C) stereotype threat
D) confirmation bias

Question 9

_______ refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time.

A) Fluid intelligence
B) The Flynn effect
C) Predictive validity
D) The reliability effect

Question 10

Jonah receives the results of his intelligence test, which describes his score as having a percentile rank of .70 (or 70%). What does this information indicate about Jonah's intelligence score?

A) He has an IQ of 70.
B) He has an IQ of 30.
C) His score is greater than the score of 70% of the population.
D) His score is less than the score of 70% of the population.

Question 11

Which of the following is not part of the theory of successful intelligence?

A) Practical
B) Analytical
C) Kinesthetic
D) Creative

Question 12

Which of the following is the best psychological definition of intelligence?

A) How much a person knows
B) The ability to think, understand, reason, and cognitively adapt to and overcome obstacles
C) The score on an intelligence test
D) The ability to quickly learn new material

Question 13

Most of the intelligence tests reviewed in your textbook test

A) aptitude, but not achievement.
B) achievement, but not aptitude.
C) neither achievement nor aptitude.
D) both achievement and aptitude.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best psychological description for intelligence?

A) how creative a person is
B) how much a person knows
C) how well a person can understand, reason, and cognitively adapt to obstacles
D) how "street smart" a person is

Question 15

When Sheila joins the Air Force, she is given a test to determine which specialty she is most likely to succeed in. Although Sheila had hoped to be trained be an aircraft engineer, her test results suggest she would be a better radar operator. This is an example of how ____________ tests are used.

A) intelligence
B) aptitude
C) Stanford-Binet
D) achievement

Question 16

What do scientists know about gender differences on tests of visual-spatial abilities?

A) There are none.
B) Boys generally start out with an advantage but girls are the same by middle school.
C) Boys and girls are born with roughly equal abilities.
D) Girls start out with an advantage but by adolescence, boys tend to score better.

Question 17

As a major exam approaches, a teacher who is hoping to reduce stereotype threat and promote an incremental theory of intelligence would most likely:

A) remind test takers that males tend to do poorly on the problems.
B) remind students that they inherited their IQ from their parents.
C) cite research of a recent study showing that a particular gene is linked to IQ.
D) let students know that hard work is the best way to prepare for the exam.

Question 18

Identical twins reared together and apart tend to score similarly on standardized measures of intelligence. Which of the following statements does this finding support?

A) Intelligence levels are based on environmental factors for both twins reared together and twins reared apart.
B) Environmental factors are stronger influences on twins raised together compared to twins reared apart.
C) The "intelligence gene" is identical in both twins reared together and reared apart.
D) Genes are an important source of individual variations in intelligence scores.

Question 19

_______________ tests are designed to measure knowledge in a certain area. In contrast, _____________ tests are designed to measure an individual's potential to perform well on a specific range of tasks.

A) IQ; psychometric
B) Psychometric; IQ
C) Aptitude; achievement
D) Achievement; aptitude

Question 20

Raven's Matrices were developed to improve on which issue with intelligence tests?

A) Cross-cultural barriers
B) Inconsistency of scores with retesting
C) The time needed to complete a test
D) Comparisons of old versus young people

Question 21

A test is said to be reliable if

A) a person's score on a test is pretty much the same every time he or she takes it.
B) it contains an adequate sample of the skills it is supposed to measure.
C) its results agree with a more direct measure of what the test is designed to predict.
D) it is culture-free.

Question 22

A score on an intelligence test with a percentile rank of .30 indicates that

A) The score is two standard deviations above the mean.
B) The score is two standard deviations below the mean.
C) 30% of the population has lower scores.
D) 30% of the population has higher scores.

Question 23

Cameron is so surprised by his score on an intelligence test that he decides to take it again. His second score is almost exactly the same as his first score. The test Cameron took appears to have high

A) predictive validity.
B) test-retest reliability.
C) standardization.
D) convolution.

Question 24

In the Middle Ages, people accused of being witches were often tested by being dunked in a river or pond. If they floated to the surface, they were condemned as witches. If they sank and drowned, they were posthumously acquitted. This test obviously lacks

A) reliability.
B) norms.
C) validity.
D) bias.

Question 25

Binet and Simon considered children behind in their schooling if their

A) mental age equals their chronological age.
B) mental age is lower than their chronological age.
C) mental age is higher than their chronological age.
D) mental age does not equal their chronological age.

Question 26

Most intelligence scales use standardized testing. This is because standardization allows researchers to

A) determine how much of an individual's intelligence is the result of heredity.
B) make comparisons across large groups of people.
C) avoid stereotype threat.
D) determine what makes each person unique.

Question 27

Which of the following is a key advantage to using a standardized test?

A) The test can be tailored to individual test takers.
B) Test takers know what information they will be tested on before taking the test.
C) Standardization allows results to be compared across individuals.
D) There are no advantages to standardized tests.

Question 28

Miranda's 8^th grade teacher tells her that the class will be taking a standardized test next week. What does this mean?

A) The test will be administered and scored the same way for everyone who takes it.
B) The results of the test will determine Kwan's placement in the 9^th grade.
C) The average grade for the class should be around 100 points.
D) The test will be designed to measure Kwan's intelligence.

Question 29

Misha receives a score of 115 on a standardized intelligence test. This indicates that Misha is _______ standard deviations __________ average.

A) one; below
B) one; above
C) three; below.
D) three; above.

Question 30

A test that is classified as a "valid" measure is one that

A) measures what it is intended to measure.
B) produces repeatable scores over time.
C) allows for comparison across groups of people.
D) produces both repeatable scores and measures what it is intended to measure.

Question 31

Francis has his intelligence tested and receives a score of 100. Given the norm for most intelligence tests, Francis' score is

A) extremely below average.
B) slightly below average.
C) average.
D) above average.

Question 32

Which branch of psychology would be concerned with constructing valid and reliable intelligence tests?

A) anthropometrics
B) psychometrics
C) clinical psychology
D) standardized testing

Question 33

Binet and Simon measured children using what new concept?

A) divergent thinking
B) mental set
C) mental age
D) creativity

Question 34

Because of the norms and the distribution of scores for most intelligence tests, a score of 100 usually has a percentile rank of

A) 1.
B) )50.
C) )10.
D) )05.

Question 35

The average score on most IQ tests is

A) 15.
B) 100.
C) 150.
D) 500.

Question 36

The National Football League (NFL) uses a cognitive aptitude test called the Wonderlic. The leaked Wonderlic scores of several high profile players suggests that the test

A) may have low validity.
B) may have low reliability.
C) has high validity.
D) has high reliability.

Question 37

The measurement of psychological traits and abilities is referred to as

A) psychometrics.
B) standardized testing.
C) achievement testing.
D) percentile ranking.

Question 38

Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be

A) valid.
B) normed.
C) reliable.
D) standardized.

Question 39

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be

A) valid.
B) normed.
C) reliable.
D) standardized.

Question 40

When a test has a high capacity to forecast future behaviors or outcomes, it might be described as having high ________ validity.

A) concurrent
B) predictive
C) future-oriented
D) construct

Question 41

Zoe wants to test the IQ of a group of ESL students who do not speak any English. What test might you recommend to her?

A) Stanford-Binet
B) Raven's Progressive Matrices
C) WAIS
D) Binet-Simon

Question 42

One of the odd twists in the history of psychology is that Binet and Simon's test started out as a way to measure____________, but was adapted by others into a measure of ________________.

A) academic achievement; innate intelligence
B) innate intelligence; academic achievement
C) chronological age; mental age
D) mental age; chronological age

Question 43

Who has the highest IQ?

A) Clarissa, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 9.
B) Matt, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 10.
C) Cecilee, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 7.
D) Morgan, with a mental age of 7 and a chronological age of 7.

Question 44

What is a dominant characteristic of culture-free IQ tests?

A) Minimal verbal skills are required.
B) They feature a large number of items pertaining to the test taker's culture.
C) They offer a large percentage of math-based questions to reduce the strain on language.
D) They are always administered orally.

Question 45

Which of the following kinds of items would most likely be found on a culture-free IQ test?

A) visual pattern completion
B) sentence completion
C) vocabulary recognition
D) general information

Question 46

________, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, revised Binet and Simon's test so it could be used with American school children.

A) William Stern
B) Lewis Terman
C) Henri Simon
D) David Wechsler

Question 47

________ devised a simple formula for calculating an index of intelligence, or intelligence quotient (IQ).

A) Theo Simon
B) William Stern
C) Franz Gall
D) Louis Thurstone

Question 48

What is the most commonly used intelligence for testing adolescents and adults?

A) Standford-Binet
B) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
C) Binet-Simon
D) Raven's Progressive Matrices

Question 49

Which of the following is true about the relationship between the brain and intelligence scores?

A) Brain size, but not the degree of convolution, is correlated with intelligence scores.
B) The degree of convolution, but not brain size, is correlated with intelligence scores.
C) Both the size and degree of convolution of the cortex are correlated with intelligence scores.
D) Neither the size, nor the degree of convolution of the cortex, are correlated with intelligence scores.

Question 50

Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75. Using the original definition for IQ, what is his mental age?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 5
D) 7

Question 51

Binet and Simon originally developed their famous test to

A) identify children who might have difficulty in school.
B) identify gifted children.
C) measure the intelligence of adults.
D) measure the intelligence of normal children.

Question 52

Which researcher tried to measure intelligence by using perceptual tests?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Theodore Simon
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Charles Spearman

Question 53

Sam and Julie each scored 110 on the WAIS. Based on their scores, which is true?

A) If Sam scored high in math, then Julie scored high in math.
B) If Sam scored high in comprehension, then Julie scored high in comprehension.
C) Two people with the same IQ score could have very different abilities.
D) Two people with the same IQ score should have the same abilities.

Question 54

Which of the following is representative of Sir Francis Galton's perspective on intelligence?

A) Galton believed that intelligence was determined 50% by environment and 50% by genes.
B) Galton placed a lot of stock in heredity and believed that genes significantly influenced intelligence.
C) Galton was an environmentalist and believed that social factors significantly influenced intelligence.
D) Galton believed that intelligence was a trait that changed significantly over time.

Question 55

Based on IQ score as described by Stern, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to answer IQ test questions like someone who is age _____, even though the student is _____.

A) 10; 12
B) 12; 11
C) 10; 8
D) 12; 10

Question 56

The cousin of Charles Darwin who suggested that the unusual eminence of his own family was due to genetic gifts was

A) Alfred Binet.
B) James Cattell.
C) Henri Simon.
D) Sir Francis Galton.

Question 57

What is the IQ of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 8?

A) 125
B) 80
C) 1.25
D) 0.8

Question 58

The formula which uses chronological age (CA) and mental age (MA) to calculate the intelligence quotient is:

A) MA $\div$ CA $\times$ 100.
B) CA $\div$ MA $\times$ 100.
C) (MA $\times$ CA) $\div$ 100.
D) 100 $\div$ (MA + CA).

Question 59

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale provides a Full Scale IQ measurement, but also breaks intelligence into which two indices?

A) General Ability and Cognitive Proficiency
B) Emotional Intelligence and Academic Intelligence
C) Visual and Auditory
D) Achievement and Aptitude

Question 60

According to your textbook, researchers have found a strong positive relationship between intelligence and ________________, although the nature of this relationship remains unclear.

A) working memory capacity
B) visual acuity
C) typing speed
D) schizophrenia

Question 61

Terence is a skilled musician, writer, computer programmer, and problem solver. The fact that Terence is good at so many diverse activities supports the notion of _____________ intelligence.

A) modal
B) transferable
C) successful
D) general

Question 62

Ms. Bouvier is a first grade teacher. She has just given Chelsea a reading test. Chelsea scored very high in word recognition, so Ms. Bouvier assumes she will score high on the rest of the test. It is clear that Ms. Bouvier believes in the ____________ factor of intelligence.

A) g
B) s
C) a
D) r

Question 63

Which of the following was true about the brain of Albert Einstein?

A) It was heavier than the average human brain.
B) It was smaller and lighter than the average human brain.
C) Its weight was average for a human brain.
D) It was never studied.

Question 64

Which of the following is a healthy older adult most likely to do as well-or even better than-a younger adult?

A) pattern recognition
B) a geometric puzzle
C) a vocabulary test
D) a timed problem solving task

Question 65

Which of the following typically happens to crystallized intelligence as healthy adults age?

A) Crystallized intelligence peaks at middle age and then declines.
B) Crystallized intelligence is slowly replaced by fluid intelligence.
C) Crystallized intelligence remains stable or increases with experience.
D) Crystallized intelligence steadily declines throughout the lifespan.

Question 66

Who was the inventor of statistical technique called factor analysis, a method that compares results of different correlational measures to identify patterns, or "factors," among them?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Henri Simon
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Charles Spearman

Question 67

____________ intelligence allows people to solve problems that they have not previously experienced, while _____________ intelligence involves applying previous experience and knowledge to solving a problem.

A) Crystallized; fluid
B) Fluid; crystallized
C) Analytical; practical
D) Practical; Analytical

Question 68

According to Spearman, it is one's ________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between math, reading scores, and visual perception tests.

A) general
B) emotional
C) crystallized
D) fluid

Question 69

Who would have supported the notion that intelligence resulted from a single ability and could be represented by a single test score?

A) Gardner
B) Spearman
C) Sternberg
D) Thurstone

Question 70

Which of the following does NOT support the idea of multiple intelligences?

A) Head injury can lead to the loss of one ability but not others.
B) People who score highly on intelligence tests often excel in a number of areas.
C) Intelligent people vary a great deal in terms of physical, social, and artistic skills.
D) Savants may have low mental capacities, but excel at specific abilities.

Question 71

Research indicates that ____________ intelligence peaks in early to middle adulthood and then begins declining.

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) verbal
D) existential

Question 72

It is generally the case that most great scientists have their ground-breaking ideas when they are in early to middle adulthood, but rarely when they are older. What might explain this fact?

A) The brain shrinks with age.
B) General intelligence declines steeply after middle adulthood.
C) Fluid intelligence peaks in middle adulthood, and then declines in later life.
D) Crystallized intelligence peaks in middle adulthood, and then declines in later life.

Question 73

Because Ken's history professor was a college student during the 1970s, he has extraordinary insight and knowledge of facts concerning the Vietnam War era. This knowledge is associated with the term

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) general intelligence.
D) multiple intelligence.

Question 74

Which of the following is a younger adult most likely to do better than a healthy older adult?

A) naming the capitals of states.
B) solving a geometric puzzle.
C) defining vocabulary words
D) calculating the area of a circle from the length of the radius

Question 75

Megan is very good at solving problems, even though she has had very little formal training. For example, Megan was able to solve the difficult Rubik's Cube puzzle the first time she tried. Megan clearly has a high degree of ____________ intelligence.

A) semantic
B) fluid
C) crystallized
D) static

Question 76

Vocabulary tests primarily measure ________________ intelligence.

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) creative
D) existential

Question 77

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence?

A) global, intuitive, and special
B) general, global, and specific
C) mathematical, reasoning, and verbal
D) analytical, creative, and practical

Question 78

Janet has IQ score that is much lower than average and has been diagnosed as having a form of autism. Despite her disabilities, Janet can perform incredible feats of mental arithmetic, including finding the square root of five-digit numbers without a calculator or paper and pencil! Janet would be classified as a

A) kinetic learner.
B) crystallized thinker.
C) fluid thinker.
D) savant.

Question 79

Brandon can name all 50 states and capitals. Which type of intelligence is he relying most on?

A) semantic
B) fluid
C) crystallized
D) static

Question 80

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a person's brain size, and his or her intelligence?

A) There is no relationship between brain size and intelligence.
B) Brain size is correlated with intelligence, but the relationship is complicated and poorly understood.
C) Large brain size is a consistent predictor of high intellectual ability.
D) Small brain size is a consistent predictor of high intellectual ability.