Deck 21: Cardiovascular System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures

Question 1

The nurse recognizes that a pericardial friction rub may occur as a result of which of these conditions?

A)Pneumonia
B)Pleurisy
C)Myocardial infarction
D)Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 1

Myocardial infarction

Question 2

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the heart?

A)Increases cardiac output
B)Decreases heart rate
C)Increases strength of contraction
D)Decreases resting phase

Answer 2

Decreases heart rate

Question 3

Which of these factors is reflected by central venous pressure (CVP)?

A)Hydration
B)Peripheral vascular resistance
C)Cardiac output
D)Blood pressure

Answer 3

Hydration

Question 4

The nurse is assisting with preparing a patient who is diabetic for cardiac surgery in 3 hours. During data collection, the patient states, "I took my usual insulin dose this morning." Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A)State, "That is good."
B)Obtain vital signs.
C)Inform the physician.
D)Give 6 ounces of cranberry juice now.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient who returns from having a cardiac catheterization with a right femoral entry site. Which of the following actions would the nurse take?

A)Ambulate every 2 hours.
B)Perform passive range of motion of right leg hourly.
C)Position knees with 40-degree bend.
D)Avoid movement of right leg as ordered.

Question 6

At which of these rates can the atrioventricular node initiate a heartbeat?

A)10 to 20
B)25 to 35
C)40 to 60
D)80 to 100

Question 7

The nurse is collecting data for a patient with hypertension. Which of these is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that the nurse should identify for care planning?

A)Heredity
B)Activity level
C)Ethnic origin
D)Gender

Question 8

A patient is being discharged with a prescription for warfarin (Coumadin). Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of beverages to avoid?

A)Grapefruit juice
B)Orange juice
C)Cranberry juice
D)Beer

Question 9

Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of what to do if a symptom occurs while wearing a Holter monitor?

A)Notify the physician.
B)Push the event button.
C)Call an ambulance.
D)Take an apical pulse.

Question 10

The nurse is using a stethoscope to listen to a patient's heart sounds. The nurse recognizes that the "dupp" of the characteristic "lubb-dupp" heart sound indicates what part of the cardiac cycle?

A)The closure of the atrioventricular valves
B)The closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
C)The closure of the mitral valve
D)The closure of the tricuspid valve

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a patient who asks, "What do high levels of low-density lipoproteins indicate?" What response by the nurse would be appropriate?

A)"Increased risk for coronary artery disease."
B)"Protection against coronary artery disease."
C)"Increased blood clotting risk."
D)"Decreased risk for atherosclerosis development."

Question 12

The layer of the artery wall that helps maintain diastolic blood pressure is composed of which of these tissues?

A)Fibrous connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
B)Elastic connective tissue and fibrous connective tissue
C)Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)Smooth muscle and simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the role high-density lipoproteins play in cardiac disease. Which of these patient statements indicates correct understanding of the teaching?

A)"There is increased risk for coronary artery disease."
B)"It provides protection against coronary artery disease."
C)"There is an increased blood clotting risk."
D)"The risk for atherosclerosis development is increased."

Question 14

While caring for a patient who will undergo a cardiac catheterization, the nurse recognizes that teaching is effective by which of the following statements?

A)"I should expect a cool sensation throughout my body when they inject the dye."
B)"I know the room will be very warm."
C)"Most people feel drowsy during the procedure."
D)"The table may move while the test is being done."

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a cardiac catheterization using the left femoral site for entry. Which of the following data are most important to monitor?

A)Orientation status
B)Left pedal pulse
C)Pupil reaction
D)Right foot sensation

Question 16

Which chamber of the heart has the greatest workload and usually fails first as a result?

A)Left atrium
B)Right atrium
C)Left ventricle
D)Right ventricle

Question 17

Which of these is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?

A)Atrioventricular node
B)Bundle of His
C)Purkinje's fibers
D)Sinoatrial node

Question 18

When a patient who is wearing a Holter monitor asks how to bathe, what would be an appropriate response by the nurse?

A)"Take a shower with the monitor on."
B)"You may take a tub bath."
C)"Take a sponge bath."
D)"Remove the monitor before showering."

Question 19

What is the purpose of the epicardium of the heart?

A)Cover the heart muscle and prevent friction.
B)Line the coronary blood vessels.
C)Line the chambers of the heart.
D)Contract and pump blood from the ventricles.

Question 20

The nurse is providing care for a patient whose central venous pressure (CVP) is 12 mm Hg. Which of the following actions is most appropriate?

A)Measure urine specific gravity.
B)Determine level of consciousness.
C)Assess skin turgor.
D)Listen to breath sounds.

Question 21

The nurse is preparing a patient for a cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient's creatinine levels indicate mild renal insufficiency. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be ordered before and after the procedure? (Select all that apply.?

A)Sodium bicarbonate
B)N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
C)Lasix
D)Aldactone
Completion
Complete each statement.

Question 22

The nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.?

A)Pain
B)Paralysis
C)Paresthesia
D)Pulselessness
E)Pruritus
F)Purpura

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a patient whose troponin I level shows elevation. Which of the following actions would be appropriate?

A)Up as desired.
B)Ambulate daily.
C)Ambulate twice daily.
D)Maintain bedrest.

Question 24

The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing an exercise treadmill test. What interventions would be appropriate for the test? (Select all that apply.?

A)Monitor electrocardiogram before, during, and after the test.
B)Remove all metal objects.
C)Monitor vital signs throughout the test.
D)Administer antianxiety medication as ordered.
E)Ask the patient about allergies to dyes used in diagnostic procedures.

Question 25

The nurse understands that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) helps regulate blood pressure by which of the following? (Select all that apply.?

A)It inhibits aldosterone secretion.
B)It increases renal secretion of sodium ions and water.
C)It causes vasoconstriction throughout the body.
D)It increases cardiac output.
E)It decreases blood volume.
F)It causes an increase in the baseline heart rate.

Question 26

On a four-point scale (0, 1, 2, 3), the quality of a normal peripheral pulse is ____________________.

Question 27

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient who is to wear a Holter monitor. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.?

A)Take nothing by mouth for 6 hours before applying the monitor.
B)Avoid showers or baths while wearing the monitor.
C)Keep an accurate diary of symptoms and activities.
D)Push the event button when symptoms occur.
E)Transmit data over the phone.
F)Avoid strenuous activity.

Question 28

During data collection on a patient with chronic cardiac problems and diabetes, the patient reports a weight gain of 5 pounds over 3 days and fatigue when climbing stairs. Upon inspection, the nurse notes edema of the lower extremities. The nurse will have these symptoms reported to the physician right away, as the nurse understands they can indicate which of the following?

A)Left-sided heart failure
B)Right-sided heart failure
C)Acute heart failure
D)Myocardial infarction
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Question 29

The apical pulse is auscultated for ________________minute(s) to monitor heart rhythm and rate.

Question 30

The nurse is to measure blood pressures to detect orthostatic hypotension. To obtain the data, which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.?

A)Use the correct size blood pressure cuff for the patient.
B)Have the patient refrain from smoking for at least 4 hours prior to the test.
C)Instruct the patient not to eat or drink for 30 minutes prior to the test.
D)Obtain supine reading with patient lying with head of bed elevated 30 degrees for 30 minutes.
E)Assist the patient to a sitting position, wait 3 minutes, and take the pulse and blood pressure.
F)Take pulse and blood pressure readings immediately upon assisting the patient to stand.

Question 31

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following actions for site care would be appropriate for the nurse to take?

A)Keep the site uncovered.
B)Maintain pressure dressing on the site.
C)Apply a gauze bandage to the puncture site.
D)Apply a Band-Aid to the site.

Question 32

The nurse is collecting data for a cardiac patient to detect a pericardial friction rub. Which of the following actions will help the nurse in gathering this data during auscultation? (Select all that apply.?

A)Have the patient deep breathe as listening.
B)Have the patient sit up.
C)Listen to the posterior of the chest.
D)Have the patient lean forward.
E)Have the patient lie flat.
F)Instruct patient to hold breath as listening.

Question 33

The nurse is preparing a patient for an angiogram. Which of the following should be included in data collection?

A)Ask if the patient is allergic to meat.
B)Ask if the patient is allergic to contrast dyes.
C)Ask if the patient is allergic to peanuts.
D)Ask if the patient is allergic to eggs.

Question 34

The nurse is reinforcing teaching to a patient who has a high serum cholesterol level, with low high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and high low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What should the nurse include?

A)"Your cholesterol level is okay, but you should decrease your LDLs by lowering your fat intake and getting more exercise."
B)"Your cholesterol level and LDLs are too high. You need to lower your intake of saturated fats and increase your level of exercise."
C)"Your cholesterol level is too high, so you should stop eating foods high in cholesterol, such as eggs and cream."
D)"You need to see your doctor about this as soon as possible to start medications to lower your cholesterol."

Question 35

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for the nurse to take?

A)Hold fluid intake for 2 hours after the procedure.
B)Keep patient NPO until gag reflex is present.
C)Force 1000 mL of fluid per hour.
D)Encourage the patient to drink plenty of liquids.

Question 36

Normal pulmonary arterial pressure is ________________to 25/8 to 10 mm Hg.